United States & Canada History/Geography

excutive branch

(President, Vice Present & Cabinet) Their job is to execute the laws

Middle Colonies Geography

*Longer growing season *More mild climate *fertile soil for farming

Southern Colonies Geography

*Longest growing season *Hot, humid climate *fertile soil *Many rivers for transportation *dependent on slavery *plantation

New England Colonies Geography

*Poor, rocky soil *Cooler climate *Short growing season

Portugal Exploration

- First to explore - Dias and Da Gama - Established trade empire along Africa that led to India and Asia

Lexington and Concord

1st shots, "shot heard around the world" stopped the British from getting the supplies in Concord.

Conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Boycott

A refusal to buy or use goods and services.

place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

Triangular Trade

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

5 oceans

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern

The British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War. Through the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other taxes, the British tried to collect taxes that the American people considered harsh.

Causes of the Revolutionary War

Spanish Exploration

Colonization of the Americas by the conquistadors in search for gold, glory and god

Plymouth Colony

Colony founded by the Separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located in New England, (Massachusetts)

What are the 13 colonies?

Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Georgia, Virginia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian

Jamestown Colony

First permanent English Colony located in Virginia

Who was the first President of the United States?

George Washington

What are the three g's of exploration?

Gold, God, Glory

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India to find new resources. (gold, spices, etc). Sailed for Spain

Judicial Branch

Interprets the laws (supreme court)

Three branches of government

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

Middle Colonies Economy

Livestock, grains, "BreadBasket"

5 themes of geography

Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Region

Roanoke

Lost colony, of coast of the Carolinas

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New England Colonies

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

John Smith and John Rolfe

One of the leaders of Jamestown; Smith led the colony through starvation. Fellow settler John Rolfe played a crucial role when he helped start the colony by growing tobacco and it became the cash crop of Virginia.

John Hancock

Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Parts of the Declaration of Independence

Preamble, Natural Rights, List of Grievances(Wrongs of the king), Independence

The Pueblo Indians lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their crops, like corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.

Pueblo Indians

Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.

Roanoke

New England Economy

Ship building, Whaling, Fishing, Timber, Furs, Small Scale Farming

Capture March to sea Holding cells Ship across the Atlantic Sold in Auctions

Steps of the slave trade

Dutch Exploration

The Dutch had the largest navy at the time and also wanted to vie for power. They founded the Dutch East India Company which was allowed to create their own army, coin money, and make treaties. New Netherlands in Present Day New York

smuggling

The act of illegally importing or exporting goods

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

English Exploration

To find Northwest Passage, discover gold, increase wealth and power. Along the East Coast of North America

What was the purpose of European exploration?

To find an all water route to Asia

The colonists in Jamestown came looking for gold. What was the crop that ended up making them money?

Tobacco

Southern Colonies Economy

Tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo and slaves

French Exploration

When colonization did begin in 1600s, French efforts were directed toward both the northern region of North America (think Canada). Established their own colonies and trading networks to compete with Portuguese and Spanish dominance. 1st settlement in Quebec- Samuel De Champlain

England (British), Colonist and Native Allies

Who won the French and Indian War?

Thomas Jefferson

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Did women have a small or large role within the Iroquois tribe?

Women had large roles in Iroquois societies. They chose the leaders.

Stamp Act

an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

region

an area defined by one or more natural or cultural characteristics that set it apart from other areas

raw materials

any materials that go into the final product

Latitude

distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees

Boston Massacre

incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed American colonists

Pacific Ocean

largest ocean

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies

Iroquois League

political alliance of five Iroquois groups

Boston Tea Party

protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor

Arctic Ocean

smallest ocean

Legislative Branch

the branch of government that makes the laws (senate and House of reps)

Southern Ocean

the ocean that surrounds Antarctica

manfactured goods

things that are made from raw materials. example cotton from the colonies

Circumnavigate

to sail around the world (Magellan)