Unlv Kin 223 Chapter 1 study guide

Match the abdominopelivic region on the left with the description on the right

1) umbilical- the center of nine regions 2) epigastric- the region above the umbilical region 3) right hypochondriac- the region to the right of the epigastric region 4) right iliac- the region to the right of the hypogastric region

Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?

1. negative feed back typically keep these processes in check. 2. when homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs 3. these processes are dynamic 4. the control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system

Match the description on the right as it relates best to the fields of anatomy or physiology on the left.

Anatomy- Describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine Physiology- Describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?

Organization, Metabolism, Growth and development, responsiveness, and reproduction

Match the serous membrane to it's corresponding organ(s)

Pleura- Lungs Pericardium- Heart Peritoneum- Digestive organs

Respiratory system

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

True or False: Physiology on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

True

Organs of the cranial cavity include

brain only

Endocrine system

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume, control digestive processes, and control reproductive functions

the anatomical term for portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle is

crural

The components associated with the homeostatic system are which choices

effector, receptor, and control center

Pathologic anatomy

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

___________ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy.

gross

The anatomical term describing the groin is

inguinal

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is

medial

The anatomical term for the back of the head is

occipital

The __________ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

parietal pleura

The serous membrane indicated by the arrow in the figure is the

parietal pleura

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a _____ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ______ layer covers the external surface of organs

parietal, visceral

The anatomical term for chest is

pectoral

The anatomical term for thumb is the

pollex

In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered __________ to the sternum

posterior

in regards to the axial region, the _____________ aspect contain cavities that are completely encased in bone

posterior

The production of sex cells that, under the right conditions, have the ability to develop into a new living organism is

reproduction

negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called _____________ point.

set

Organs of the abdominal cavity include the

stomach

Anatomy is the study of what?

structure and form

the anatomical term for the calf area is

sural

The anatomical term for ankle is

tarsal

cytology refers to

the study of cells and their internal structures

The anatomical term for navel is

umbilical

The correct anatomical term for spinal column is __________ column

vertebral

Rank the following terms from simple to most complex

1. cells 2. tissues 3. organs 4. organ system 5. organism

_________ are scientists who study the structure and form of an organism

Anatomists

Match the organ system on the left with the description on the right.

Integumentary system- Provides protection, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss. Skeletal system- Provides support and protection, site of hematopoiesis Muscular system- produces body movement and heat Nervous system- Controls body movement and conducts impulses for internal communication

When an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of?

Responsiveness

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ________ region

abdominal

Metabolism consists of both ___________ in which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules and ____________ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

anabolism, catabolism

Visualizing the body in the ____ ____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

anatomic position

___________ means "in front of" when using anatomic directional terms

anterior

The __________ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs

appendicular

Match the letter on the left with the appropriate body plane and specific section on the right. A B C

A- Coronal B- Transverse C- Midsagittal

Match the letter on the left with the description on the right

A-right upper quadrant B-right lower quadrant C-left upper quadrant D-left lower quadrant

Match the description on the right with the type of gross anatomy on the left

Systemic anatomy- A study of each body system Regional anatomy- An examination of the structures in a particular region Surface anatomy-A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them Comparative anatomy- An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species Embryology- A study of developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

___________ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element

atoms

What are examples of a positive feedback loop?

blood clotting, childbirth, and breastfeeding

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

mediastinum

the anatomical term for the entire foot is

pes

a plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but is either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane termed a _________ plane

sagittal

The _________ extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right or left portions.

sagittal plane

The __________ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientist develop and test a hypothesis

scientific

Lymphatic system

transports and filters lymph and may participate in an immune response

__________ is the correct directional term which means "toward the front surface".

Anterior

Anatomic directional terms

Anterior- in front of towards the front surface Posterior- in the back of towards th e back surface Dorsal- Towards the backside of the human body Ventral- Toward the belly side of the human body Superior- Closer to the head Inferior- Closer to the feet Crania (cephalic)- Toward the head end Caudal- Toward the rear or tail end Rostral- Toward the rear or mouth Medial- Toward the midline of the body Lateral- Away from the midline of the body Ipsilateral- On the same side Contralateral- On the opposite side Deep- Closer to the inside internal to another structure Superficial- Closer to the outside external to another structure Proximal- Closer to the point of attachment to trunk Distal- Farther away from point of attachment to trunk

Control centers are generally portions of the

Brain, Thyroid gland, and spinal cord

Match the subdivision of physiology on the left with the best description on the right

Cardiovascular physiology- The function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined Neurophysiology- An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body Respiratory physiology- A study of how gas exchange occurs Reproductive physiology- Gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles

What are examples of negative feedback regulation?

Changing breathing rate in response to an increase of Co2; Changes in blood pressure when exercising; temperature regulation, and withdrawal reflex in response to injury

Cardiovascular system

Consists of the heart and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through the blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products

Planes of the body

Coronal- also called the frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. Transverse- also called the horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane, divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts. Midsagittal- or median plane, is a vertical plane and divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves. Sagittal- a plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either on the left or right of the midsagittal plane. Divides the structure into left or right portions that are NOT equal Oblique planes- planes that pass through a structure at an angle