upper & lower motor neuron disease

PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR АTROPНY

A lower motor neuron disease that causes muscle wasting

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease UMND Fasciculations

Absent

HUNTINGTONS СНOREА

An inherited upper motor neuron disease which affects nerve cells in the brain.

PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY

An upper motor neuron disease that effects voluntary movement of the facial muscles.

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease LMND Atrophy

Present

Examples of upper motor neuron lesions include:

cerebral palsy hydrocephalus ALS (both upper and lower) CVA birth injuries multiple sclerosis Huntington's chorea traumatic brain injury pseudobulbar palsy brain tumors

Identify two symptoms of a lower motor neuron lesion. hypotonicity fasciculations rigidity hyperactive reflexes

hypotonicity fasciculations

Multiple sclerosis

is an upper motor neuron disease

Lower Motor Neuron Disease

is characterized by a lesion that affects nerves or their axons at or below the level of the brainstem, usually within the "final common pathway." The ventral gray column of the spinal cord may also be affected. Symptoms include flaccidity or weakness of the involved muscles, decreased tone, fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and decreased or absent reflexes.

Poliomyelitis is an example of an _________ motor neuron disease.

lower motor neuron

Spinal muscular atrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy Sre both _______motor neuron diseases

lower motor neuron diseases

Which of the following is not characterized as an upper motor neuron disease? muscular dystrophy cerebral palsy hydrocephalus multiple sclerosis

muscular dystrophy

Upper motor neuron diseases are caused by damaged tracts in the ___________matter of the spinal cord.

white matter

Which diagnosis is considered both an upper and lower motor neuron disease? multiple sclerosis Duchenne muscular dystrophy spinal muscular atrophy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Corect Answer: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis causes progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons.

Muscle weakness, hypotonicity, and muscle fasciculations are all characteristics of: bulbar palsy upper motor neuron pathology lower motor neuron pathology pseudobulbar affect

Correct Answer lower motor neuron pathology A lower motor neuron disease is characterized by a lesion that affects nerves or their axons at or below the level of the brainstem. The ventral gray column of the spinal cord may also be affected. Symptoms include flaccidity or weakness of the involved muscles decreased tone, fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and decreased or absent reflexes.

Which deep tendon reflex grade would be most anticipated in a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy? 0 1+ 2+ 3+

Correct Answer: 3+ Deep tendon reflexes elicit a muscle contraction when the muscles tendon is stimulated. The most commonly used reflex grading system ranges from O no response to 4+very brisk/hyperactive response. An upper motor neuron disease such as cerebral palsy would most likely result in reflex grades of 3+ or 4+

Which of the following would be a clinical presentation of an upper motor neuron syndrome? paresthesia fasciculations Babinski's sign muscle atrophy

Correct Answer: Babinski's sign Babinski's sign is indicative of an upper motor neuron lesion. This finding is often associated with damage to the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. The remaining options are more characteristic of a lower motor neuron lesion.

Which potential cause would be least likely to be associated with abnormal "floppy" tone in an infant? neuromuscular disorder the infant is weak damage to descending motor pathways premature birth at 28 weeks

Correct Answer: damage to descending motor pathways Damage to descending motor pathways, or upper motor neuron pathways, results in hypertonia. Abnormal "floppy" tone is more characteristic of hypotonia.

Which term is most consistent with bladder dysfunction resulting from an S4 spinal cord injury? flaccid reflexive absent asymptomatic

Correct Answer: flaccid Bladder dysfunction can be subcategorized into flaccid or reflexive categories. Flaccid or lower motor neuron bladders result from an injury of the spinal cord below the S2 spinal level Reflexive or upper motor neuron bladders result from an injury above T12

Which symptoms would be most consistent with a lesion in the ventral grey column of the spinal cord? hyperactive reflexes and hypertonia hypoactive reflexes and hypertonia hyperactive reflexes and hypotonia hypoactive reflexes and hypotonia

Correct Answer: hypoactive reflexes and hypotonia The ventral grey column of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of lower motor neurons. Lesions of lower motor neurons often produce characteristic symptoms including diminished or absent reflexes and low tone.

Which pathology is considered to be a lower motor neuron disease? bulbar palsy multiple sclerosis cerebral palsy post-polio

Correet Answer. post-polio Post-polio syndrome is a lower motor neuron disorder that refers to new neuromuscular symptoms that occur decades after recovery from an acute paralytic episode of polio. The primary symptom is a decline in the strength of muscles that had previously been affected by polio. Other symptoms include myalgia, joint pain, muscle atrophy, excessive fatigue with activity, and diminished endurance.

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease LMND Reflexes

Diminished or absent

Identify two conditions that are characterized as lower motor neuron diseases. birth injuries brain tumors Guillain-Barre syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome traumatic brain injury

Guillain-Barre syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease UMND Reflexes

Hyperactive

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease UMND Tone

Hypertonic

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease LMND Tone

Hypotonic to flaccid

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease UMND Atrophy

Mild from disuse

Upper versus Lower Motor Neuron Disease LMND Fasciculations

Present

Lower

The ventral grey column of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of ________motor neurons.

Babinski's sign is indicative of an ________motor neuron lesion.

Upper

Reflexive or upper motor neuron bladders result from an injury where?

above T12

A lower motor neuron lesion affects nerves or their axons, where?

at or below the level of the brainstem.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a disease that affects _______ motor neurons.

both upper and lower motor neurons

Upper Motor Neuron Disease

disease is characterized by a lesion found in descending motor tracts within the cerebral motor cortex, internal capsule, brainstem or spinal cord. Symptoms include weakness involved muscles, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, mild disuse atrophy, and abnormal reflexes. Damaged tracts are in the lateral white column of the spinal cord.

Identify two symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion. hypertonicity flaccidity fasciculations abnormal reflexes muscle atrophy

hypertonicity abnormal reflexes

Examples of lower motor neuron lesions include:

poliomyelitis ALS (both upper and lower) Guillain-Barre syndrome tumors involving the spinal cord trauma progressive muscular atrophy infection Bell's palsy carpal tunnel syndrome muscular dystrophy spinal muscular atrophy