UPPP 107 Final Study Guide

When did the automobile edge out the streetcar as a mode of transportation in Los Angeles?

1920s

California home prices are currently ________ percent above the national average.

250

A 'gentrifier' is described as ________.

A middle-class person who moves into a disinvested context at a time when other people are doing the same

38. Aside from the highly political nature of transportation planning ___ is a difficult barrier to implementing transportation projects : estimating modal splits and trip generations engineering to meet demand acquiring the funding conducting modeling and cost-benefit analyses

Acquiring funding for initial expenses and ongoing subsidies

A planner who sees their role as transforming political and economic structures within city planning could be considered a planner as a(n) _____.

Agent of radical change

Sustainable development planning can be described as ______ : development with goals of promoting environmental quality, social equity, and economic development promoting development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" development that promotes the ability for society to maintain economic, environmental, and social balance over a long period of time All of the listed responses are correct

All of the listed responses are correct

What are the primary goals of the Environmental Impact Statement? : promote transparency in government development practices allow for public participation in development projects All of the listed responses are correct provide opportunities for interested parties to comment on any large projects needing government review

All of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following is a limitation for planners in revitalizing inner-city neighborhoods? : planning does not (or can not) address many of the social issues that keep many inner-cities economically depressed planning tools designed for addressing distressed neighborhoods are not targeted to be flexible to the specific needs of different neighborhoods All of the listed responses are correct planning tools relate to shaping the physical design as opposed to underlying economic, structural inequalities

All of the listed responses are correct

24. Why is the revision of the General Plan necessary : All of the listed responses are correct revising the General Plan periodically legitimizes the plan and institutionalizes planning as an activity in the community community goals and visions change over time characteristics (e.g., housing needs, employment, etc.) will evolve over time

All of the responses

Through _____, the state of California has strengthened regional planning efforts and encouraged building for sustainable communities.

Assembly Bill 32

26. The practice of allowing developers to build greater residential densities if they include a certain percentage of low and moderate income housing

Bonus or incentive zoning

22. What was the significance of the Mammoth V. Board Supervisors Of Mono County Court Ruling : CEQA law applies to all federal projects receiving some sort of governmental approval CEQA law applies to all private projects receiving some sort of governmental approval CEQA law applies to all private projects that do not need governmental approval CEQA law applies to all public projects receiving some sort of governmental approval

CEQA laq applies to all private projects recieiving some sort of governmental approval

17. Two most important tools in carrying out the physical plan capital investments; land use controls ecological health; land use controls capital investments; social capital social capital; land use controls

Capital investments; land use controls

What American city was transformed into the White City

Chicago

______ centers around rehabilitation and preservation, as opposed to Urban Renewal's approach of demolish and rebuild : Communal Living Community Development Community Advancement Collateralized Debt

Community Development

Through zoning, the _____ gains some control over the use of the property, without having ownership. Through eminent domain, the ____ gains control over the property, by acquiring ownership : courts; city community; city city; community city; courts

Community; city

36. Creates problems with both user collection and distribution : mixed-use land use patterns dispersed suburban land use patterns recycled land use patterns dense urban land patterns

Dispersed suburban land use patterns

___________ is a process by which local governments seek to use planning to guide private investment and business activity toward the goals the local government wants to achieve : community redevelopment sustainable development economic development community development

Economic development

The right of the government to take private property for public purposes is ________.

Eminent domain

What does the 'access' approach to transportation planning mean? : None of the listed responses address 'access' proving additional highway infrastructure to meet needs emphasizing moving people through alternative modes of transportation ensuring diverse transportation services are available

Ensuring diverse transportation services are available

For at least 60 years, a basic tenet of American public policy is to use the planning process to try to revive inner-city neighborhoods. Overall, these efforts have been largely successful.

False

21. Since 1970 ___ legislation has been the major shaper of environmental planning and that nation's efforts to deal with environmental problems

Federal

Which of the following Acts delays protection until the time a species is actually listed as endangered or threatened; only grants protection for a species threatened or endangered throughout its entire range; and considers damage to habitat as equivalent to destroying or killing an endangered plant or animal species (i.e., "taking")?

Federal Endangered Species Act

What ongoing battle is illustrated in the landmark case Euclid Vs. Ambler and what was the ultimate outcome : fights over land conservation; establishment of preservation zones fights over land use between regulators and property owners; constitutionality of zoning fights over acquisition of land; property owner rights to use property for economic development fights over tax regulation; constitutionality of enforcing taxes on small businesses

Fights over land use between regulators and property owners Constitutionality of zoning

42. ___ is the primary funding for transportation funding at both the federal and state levels

Gas Tax

______ policies are most common in suburban areas and counties and towns on the periphery of urban centers : Transit-oriented-development Historic preservation Growth management Infill development

Growth management

20. Which of the following is NOT a form of land use planning to reduce energy consumption : Planning less-intensive building characteristics (e.g., siting for multi-family or townhouse developments) Imposing minimum insulation programs to encourage retrofitting current housing stock (e.g., requiring that a house be retrofitted to meet current efficiency standards before being sold) Minimizing transportation requirements (e.g., favoring development that shortens transit trips from origin to destination). Increasing the options for and convenience of non-automotive transportation trips (e.g., creating bicycle lanes that are separate from car traffic) Encouraging mixed-use development (e.g., mixing commercial and residential uses)

Imposing minimum insulation programs to encourage retrofitting current housing stock

What do Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) and Dr. Kammen (UC Berkely) argue?

In order to solve the climate crisis, we have to solve the housing crisis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that made nineteenth century cities so densely concentrated? : inexpensive rail meant that workers could live in rural areas and commute to cities for work industries needed to be located in close proximity to mass labor forces residents needed to live in walking distance from work moving goods through water transportation was inexpensive, encouraging locations along ports

Inexpensive rail meant that workers could live in rural areas and commute to cities for work

Which of the following was NOT a force that largely drove suburbanization in America? : increases in automobile ownership telecommunication advancements and decentralization of economic activities expansion of the United States highway system investment in public transportation infrastructure within city cores

Investment in public transportation infrastructure within city cores

Which of the following was NOT an unintended negative consequence of urban renewal? : it displaced lower-income renters from their neighborhood support groups and social networks it effectively increased rents by demolishing the most substandard of housing stock it removed cheaper commercial space, hindering opportunities for new business to enter the market it benefited suburbs, by increasing their tax base

It benefited suburbs, by increasing their tax base

How do citizen groups typically hod developers and local governments accountable

Litigation aka suing them

Which of the following is NOT a way that federal government influences local planning? : making determinations about how land is zoned (e.g., creating local land use zoning maps) enforcing federal laws at the local level (e.g., keeping cities from developing land that serves as habitat for endangered species) withholding federal funding if certain actions are not taken (e.g., requiring local governments to include public input). giving out large grants to encourage certain projects (e.g., building water treatment facilities)

Making determinations about how land is zoned (e.g., creating local land use zoning maps)

27. The floor area ratio is expressed as a ratio of

Maximum building height to square footage of land

15. What are the defining characteristics of the General Plan

Physicality = addressing the entire community and temporality = addressing the long term needs of the community

Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting a "population forecast" prior to writing the General Plan? : Planners need to know how many people to plan for Planners need to determine which populations should be discouraged from moving into a region Planners need to know who to plan for (e.g., demographic trends) Planners need to anticipate the demands for differing populations

Planners need to determine which populations should be discouraged from moving into a region

_____ is the right of a community to regulate the activities of private parties in order to protect public interests and gives zoning legitimacy as a planning tool.

Police power

29. In order to be permitted zoning variance the property owner must demonstrate that the current zoning ordinance

Presents a hardship

What policy ultimately encourages planners and city officials to seek out developments that bring in sales tax revenue in addition to property tax revenue (i.e., shopping centers instead of single-family housing)?

Proposition 13

Whether planners and local governments should focus on increasing housing production or focus on encouraging fair housing, is an ongoing tension in the implementation of _______.

RHNA

13. Goals include using planning strategies to distribute wealth and opportunity as well as influence the political process to be more inclusive

Redistributive

___________ is a tool that most cities use to govern "uses" (e.g. residential, commercial, or industrial), the size of buildings, and how buildings relate to their surroundings, including other buildings, open spaces, and the street : police power zoning site plan reviews conditional use permit

Site Plan Reviews

16. Characteristics are important factors for planners to consider when siting development projects because they impact the ability for land to absorb water and can affect the type of buildings that can be constructed

Soil

28. Under the ___ any time land is subdivided in order to be leased sold or financed the subdivision must be approved by the appropriate city or county legislative body

Subdivision Map Act

Goals of environmental quality, social equity, and economic development define _____ : concurrency requirements smart growth sustainable development growth management

Sustainable development

Using legal powers and financial resources to push out less economically productive business (e.g., a family-owned grocery store) and bring in more economically productive business (e.g., a Walmart Super Store) exemplifies ________ : the commodiction of land use the targeted production of land use the de-fiscalization of land use the fiscalization of land use

The fiscalization of land use

What was the primary reason Southern California was an ideal location for the master planned movement?

The political history allowed for landowners to have huge properties untouched from development

How did Minneapolis-St. Paul address a major obstacle to cooperating and collaborating in land-use planning? : they cross-subsidized planning projects they created a tax-exempt bond they created a tax-sharing arrangement they consulted with state agencies to address disagreements

They created a tax-sharing arrangement

According to Stein, how are planners related to processes of gentrification?

They encourage it, by focusing on relationships with developers and real estate managers; however, they can attempt to shift this process through radical planning efforts

Affordable housing is considered to be a housing unit that may be purchased or rented for no more than ______ percent of a household's income.

Thirty

Which group is typically NOT considered a "loser" when growth management policies restrict residential growth? : nonresidents in the community (those looking to own or rent property in the community) construction workers, developers, and real estate brokers those who own developed property in the community owners of undeveloped property in the community

Those who own developed property in the community

Directing infill projects to promote use of public transportation and reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is called _____.

Transit-oriented development (TOD)

If a project was approved by the Planning Staff (rather than the City Council or Planning Commission), then the project was not subject to CEQA.

True

In redevelopment practices, powers of eminent domain were often used to transfer property from one private land owner to another private party, rather than from private party to government.

True

When a government takes privately owned property through eminent domain, the government must compensate the owner for the value of what is taken.

True

Planners have essentially four options for addressing growth in communities Which approach forms the basis for SB 375 : expand road capacity try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes shift new development to areas with excess road capacity reduce overall amount of development

Try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes

Planners have essentially four options for addressing growth in communities: expand road capacity shift new development to areas with excess road capacity reduce overall amount of development try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes. Which approach forms the basis for SB 375? : expand road capacity try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes shift new development to areas with excess road capacity reduce overall amount of development

Try to reduce vehicle trips or shift travelers to different modes

______ is the process of giving the title of foreclosed housing units to new owners, under the condition that the housing be brought up to code within a specified time frame : low interest loans urban renewal communal renewal urban homesteading

Urban homesteading

Under SB 375, larger numbers of housing units identified through RHNA (the regional housing needs assessment) should be directed at _________ : cities with lots of land to zone for housing development urban fringe where driving is the likely transportation option lower density communities where land is less expensive urban ring suburbs and big cities with compact, dense development and public transit, walking, and cycling opportunities

Urban ring suburbs and big cities with compact, dense development and public transit, walking, and cycling opportunities

25. ___ is the most basic characteristics of zoning and restricts the type of development that may be built

Use

_______ seek to limit growth to specific geographic areas through regulatory restrictions and/or limitations on infrastructure expansion.

urban growth boundaries