Urinary System, Chapter 25 and Exercise 27

Which of the following urinary tract disorders seems most likely to occur in someone who frequently participates in marathon runs?

Hematuria

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by excessive glucose in the blood, which spills over into the renal tubules. With an increase of solutes, like glucose, in the tubules, which of the following is an expected sign of the disease?

High urine volume

Which of the following lists the components of a single lobe of a kidney?

One pyramid and the overlying cortex

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

They release waste into the bloodstream.

Which of the following structures is the most numerous within the kidney?

afferent arterioles

The __________ absorbs variable amounts of water depending on the level of antidiuretic hormone present.

collecting duct

The nephrons that are located close to the kidney surface and have relatively short nephron loops are __________ nephrons.

cortical

A hormone that is secreted by the kidneys and liver in response to hypoexmia that stimulates red blood cell production is called ___________.

erythropoietin

A major function of the urinary system is __________, defined as the process of extracting and eliminating wastes from body fluids.

excretion

The amount of cardiac output that cycles through the kidneys each minute is referred to as the renal __________.

fraction

The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called the __________.

glomerulus

The type of dialysis that cycles blood through a dialysis membrane outside the body is __________.

hemodialysis

Which of the following signs or symptoms would not be a result of renal failure?

hyperbilirubinemia

The thickened portion of the detrusor muscle at the base of the bladder near the urethra is the ___________.

internal urethral sphincter

The right kidney is displaced slightly by the ___________, an organ located just superior to the right kidney.

liver

Several collecting ducts merge to form a short, wide stretch of tubule called the __________.

papillary duct

In cortical nephrons, blood of the efferent arteriole flows next into the __________.

peritubular capillaries

The first parts of an embryonic kidney appear during the fourth week. This rudimentary kidney is called a __________.

pronephros

A glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one __________.

renal corpuscle

A kidney transplant or hemodialysis are the only two options for the treatment of __________.

renal failure

The __________ arises from the embryonic ureteric bud.

renal pelvis

When blood pressure is low, sympathetic input to the kidneys will stimulate the release of __________.

renin

The internal folds in the mucosa of the urinary bladder are called __________.

rugae

The water that is reabsorbed by the collecting duct enters the _________.

vasa recta

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

Collecting duct

In the kidney, tubular reabsorption refers to the movement of fluid and solvents where?

From the tubular fluid into the blood

The renal function of a 90-year-old is approximately __________% less than that of a 30-year-old.

20-40

Which of the following structures lies closest to the renal cortex?

The fibrous capsule