US History: Ch. 26

Korematsu vs. US

Government have a right to detain Japanese-Americans during war US won. they found zero spy networks

Totalitarianism

Government is supreme over the rights of the individual; promotion of the state

Iwo Jima

Hardest island to capture. Heavy fighting 27,000 Japanese die, only 200 surrender. Island used to conduct bombing of Japanese cities.

What did Paul Tibbetts do?

He created the atomic bomb

Italy: Mussolini What did the fascist party believe?

Nationalism, corporation is him, & suspension of civil liberties

Battle of the Atlantic

Naval battle between US and Germany for control of Atlantic shipping lanes

Operation torch

November 1942 the beginning of the Allied movement Goals: 1. Invasion of north Africa by the Allies 2. Gain access to raw materials, Suez Canal & the Mediterranean Sea

What tactic was being used against America?

Surprise attack

How many jeeps were produced every four minutes by the end of the war?

Three

They were purges when Stahelin took over. What are purges?

To eliminate threats to his power; between 8-11 million killed or imprisoned; he was paranoid

What supplied the German economic system?

Trains

Lend lease act

US Woodland weapons to nations vital to the defense of the US

Cash and carry

US would sell weapons but no credit or transport of weapons

August 14, 1945

VJ day

G.I. Bill of Rights

Benefits for returning veterans

Spanish Civil War

Between the Republicans and nationalist; nationalist won

Nye Committee

Blamed US entry into World War I on munitions industry; for profit.

What country invented the radar?

Britain

The battle of Dunkirk

British and French army evacuate to Britain, SOS to all ships to help them across the English Channel; British army was all that was left.

What was radar is weak point in Hawaii?

Can't see through the mountains

Supreme Allied Commander that planned overlord

General Dwight D Eisenhower

Battle of Britain

German Air Force against UK during summer and autumn of 1940. The first major campaign to be fought in air.

What did US bombing destroy?

German oil reserves and transportation

Who did the Treaty of Versailles anger?

Germany and Russia; Russia wasn't invited

Nonaggression pact

Germany and the Soviet Union agree not to trespass on each other's land. They divided Poland.

How long did the Japanese prepare the attack on Pearl Harbor?

1 year

How many Americans were killed in Pearl Harbor?

1,178 or wounded and 2,833 killed

Tehran conference

1. First meeting of the big three (Churchhill, Roosevelt, Stalin) 2. Planning of the second front (D-Day) 3. USSR will into the Pacific war after Germany is defeated

How much did World War II cost?

$300 billion

Who is Hitler? His life leading up to WWII...

-From Austria; served as a soldier; loved war. -In 1919 he joined the Nazi party after spying on them for the Weimer republic. -In 1923 staged the Beer Hall Revolt: attempt by Nazis to gain control of government; failed; Hitler imprisoned. -In 1933 he becomes chancellor (nazi party is largest) suspends all other political parties.

Who is involved in the Spanish Civil War?

-Germany was for Francisco Franco, nationalist. -Russia was for the government, Republicans

What were the goals of the first meeting between FDR and Churchill?

1. war strategy: beat Hitler first 2. No territorial gains by the victor 3. Creation of a post war organization: United Nations

By 1943, _____ Americans have been drafted.

10 million

Vichy France

1942 1944 French government in southern France that work with the Nazi regime. Leaders were executed.

How many women worked in factories?

2 million

Americans donate a pint of blood every _____.

2 seconds

In 1943, _____ of aircrews never came home.

2/3

The Japanese zero can fly ______ without refueling.

2000 miles

How many people are unemployed before World War II?

3 million

How many pounds of bombs did the B-17 bomber carry?

4000

How many soldiers invaded Europe during the war?

5.2 million

Tuskegee airmen

All African-American base "red tails"

Midway Island

Allies break Japanese code. This is a turning point in the Pacific

Nuremberg laws, 1935

Anti-Jewish policies, removed Jewish influences from Aryan race

Neville Chamberlain

Appeasement

Hitler's Germany collapsed

April 30, 1945

Atlantic charter

August 1941 the first meeting between FDR and Churchhill

Where does Hirohito invade in 1931?

China for raw materials

Neutrality acts, 1935

Congress passed laws preventing US from selling weapons to countries at war

Office of Price administration

Control money and rinse after World War II. Target the problem of inflation.

Office of scientific research and development

Created to coordinate scientific research for military operations. Widely varied from bombs, missiles, and radar.

When did Americabomb in World War II?

Day

What is the date when Pearl Harbor was attacked?

December 7, 1941

Final solution

Eliminating of Europe Jews

Yalta conference

Establish the United Nations

"peaceful nation's must intervene to stop aggressor nations"

FDR

"quarantine speech", 1937

FDR test balloon speech to gauge Americas interest in military intervention; very much opposed so FDR drops it.

Tripartite Pact

Formation of the axis powers between Germany, Italy, and Japan Goal: keep US out of war

Japan: Hirohito What is he influenced by and what does he believe?

Heavily influenced by military generals & believes in expansion and racial superiority.

August 6, 1945

Her Oshima (Enola Gay) drops "little boy"

Operation Barbarosa

Hitler violates nonaggression pact with the surprise invasion of the USSR. Goals: 1. Wipe out communism 2. Wipe out the largest concentration of Jews in Europe 3. Access to raw materials (oil and wheat)

Erwin Rommel

Hitler's best general a.k.a. the desert Fox

Okinawa

Hundred thousand Japanese die, many from suicide; show difficulty of the mainland invasion of Japan

Where did Mussolini military expand?

Into north Africa in the Mediterranean

Leyte Gulf

Japan introduces kamikaze pilots. These pilots killed himself to help Japan.

What was the date of D-Day?

June 6, 1944

Operation overlord, D-Day

June 6, 1944 The invasion of France from across the English Channel. France is liberated; took four months.

Coral sea

Keep Japan from attacking Australia. All fighting done from air.

Battle of the Bulge

Last term attempt to push the allies out & delays invasion of Germany

Munich conference

Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia

Maginot line

Line of forts built in France to stop a German invasion. It failed when Germany went around it.

Selective service act

Loud US to build up their military, drafted men from 18 to 25

What are collectives and who formed them?

Massive Farms run by many farmers. Stalin.

VE Day

May 8, 1945

How many pounds of equipment in America ship to D-Day?

Million and a half

Holocaust

Murder of millions of European Jews and others deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany

August 9, 1945

Nagasaki

Island hopping

Name Pacific strategy; take Key Islands & skip others of less importance

What was the codename for D-Day?

Operation overlord

Mein Kampf "My Struggle"

Outline of Hitler's political and social views; blamed Germany's problems on the Jews & the Treaty of Versailles. He wrote this while in jail.

What happened at 7:50 AM, December 7, 1941?

Pearl Harbor was attacked

What does Mussolini promise to Italy?

Promises to return Rome to greatness, economic and military expansion, and blamed Italy's problems on lesser races

USSR: Stalin's main goal

Promote industrial and agricultural output

What was still an experiment in 1941?

Radar

Doolittle Raids

Response to Pearl Harbor, industrial targets in Tokyo. Little damage but raised US morale

Manhattan Project

Secret program to detonate atomic bomb; headquarters at Los Alamo, New Mexico.

Beginning of War

September 1, 1939

Phony war

September 1939 to the spring of 1940 Hitler stops annexing

War production Board

Supervise were productions, distribution of materials and service

What was tested in New Mexico on July 16, 1945?

The atomic bomb

What was the turning point in World War II?

The battle of Stalingrad cause the death over 2 million Russians. Hitler's army was destroyed by the winter.

What American icon was born during WWII?

The jeep

What's the league of Nations do to stop Hitler from expanding?

They did nothing, they wanted to avoid war. This signals to dictators everywhere that no one wants to stop them.

What is the best secret weapon of WWII?

Women