US History: Ch. 26
Korematsu vs. US
Government have a right to detain Japanese-Americans during war US won. they found zero spy networks
Totalitarianism
Government is supreme over the rights of the individual; promotion of the state
Iwo Jima
Hardest island to capture. Heavy fighting 27,000 Japanese die, only 200 surrender. Island used to conduct bombing of Japanese cities.
What did Paul Tibbetts do?
He created the atomic bomb
Italy: Mussolini What did the fascist party believe?
Nationalism, corporation is him, & suspension of civil liberties
Battle of the Atlantic
Naval battle between US and Germany for control of Atlantic shipping lanes
Operation torch
November 1942 the beginning of the Allied movement Goals: 1. Invasion of north Africa by the Allies 2. Gain access to raw materials, Suez Canal & the Mediterranean Sea
What tactic was being used against America?
Surprise attack
How many jeeps were produced every four minutes by the end of the war?
Three
They were purges when Stahelin took over. What are purges?
To eliminate threats to his power; between 8-11 million killed or imprisoned; he was paranoid
What supplied the German economic system?
Trains
Lend lease act
US Woodland weapons to nations vital to the defense of the US
Cash and carry
US would sell weapons but no credit or transport of weapons
August 14, 1945
VJ day
G.I. Bill of Rights
Benefits for returning veterans
Spanish Civil War
Between the Republicans and nationalist; nationalist won
Nye Committee
Blamed US entry into World War I on munitions industry; for profit.
What country invented the radar?
Britain
The battle of Dunkirk
British and French army evacuate to Britain, SOS to all ships to help them across the English Channel; British army was all that was left.
What was radar is weak point in Hawaii?
Can't see through the mountains
Supreme Allied Commander that planned overlord
General Dwight D Eisenhower
Battle of Britain
German Air Force against UK during summer and autumn of 1940. The first major campaign to be fought in air.
What did US bombing destroy?
German oil reserves and transportation
Who did the Treaty of Versailles anger?
Germany and Russia; Russia wasn't invited
Nonaggression pact
Germany and the Soviet Union agree not to trespass on each other's land. They divided Poland.
How long did the Japanese prepare the attack on Pearl Harbor?
1 year
How many Americans were killed in Pearl Harbor?
1,178 or wounded and 2,833 killed
Tehran conference
1. First meeting of the big three (Churchhill, Roosevelt, Stalin) 2. Planning of the second front (D-Day) 3. USSR will into the Pacific war after Germany is defeated
How much did World War II cost?
$300 billion
Who is Hitler? His life leading up to WWII...
-From Austria; served as a soldier; loved war. -In 1919 he joined the Nazi party after spying on them for the Weimer republic. -In 1923 staged the Beer Hall Revolt: attempt by Nazis to gain control of government; failed; Hitler imprisoned. -In 1933 he becomes chancellor (nazi party is largest) suspends all other political parties.
Who is involved in the Spanish Civil War?
-Germany was for Francisco Franco, nationalist. -Russia was for the government, Republicans
What were the goals of the first meeting between FDR and Churchill?
1. war strategy: beat Hitler first 2. No territorial gains by the victor 3. Creation of a post war organization: United Nations
By 1943, _____ Americans have been drafted.
10 million
Vichy France
1942 1944 French government in southern France that work with the Nazi regime. Leaders were executed.
How many women worked in factories?
2 million
Americans donate a pint of blood every _____.
2 seconds
In 1943, _____ of aircrews never came home.
2/3
The Japanese zero can fly ______ without refueling.
2000 miles
How many people are unemployed before World War II?
3 million
How many pounds of bombs did the B-17 bomber carry?
4000
How many soldiers invaded Europe during the war?
5.2 million
Tuskegee airmen
All African-American base "red tails"
Midway Island
Allies break Japanese code. This is a turning point in the Pacific
Nuremberg laws, 1935
Anti-Jewish policies, removed Jewish influences from Aryan race
Neville Chamberlain
Appeasement
Hitler's Germany collapsed
April 30, 1945
Atlantic charter
August 1941 the first meeting between FDR and Churchhill
Where does Hirohito invade in 1931?
China for raw materials
Neutrality acts, 1935
Congress passed laws preventing US from selling weapons to countries at war
Office of Price administration
Control money and rinse after World War II. Target the problem of inflation.
Office of scientific research and development
Created to coordinate scientific research for military operations. Widely varied from bombs, missiles, and radar.
When did Americabomb in World War II?
Day
What is the date when Pearl Harbor was attacked?
December 7, 1941
Final solution
Eliminating of Europe Jews
Yalta conference
Establish the United Nations
"peaceful nation's must intervene to stop aggressor nations"
FDR
"quarantine speech", 1937
FDR test balloon speech to gauge Americas interest in military intervention; very much opposed so FDR drops it.
Tripartite Pact
Formation of the axis powers between Germany, Italy, and Japan Goal: keep US out of war
Japan: Hirohito What is he influenced by and what does he believe?
Heavily influenced by military generals & believes in expansion and racial superiority.
August 6, 1945
Her Oshima (Enola Gay) drops "little boy"
Operation Barbarosa
Hitler violates nonaggression pact with the surprise invasion of the USSR. Goals: 1. Wipe out communism 2. Wipe out the largest concentration of Jews in Europe 3. Access to raw materials (oil and wheat)
Erwin Rommel
Hitler's best general a.k.a. the desert Fox
Okinawa
Hundred thousand Japanese die, many from suicide; show difficulty of the mainland invasion of Japan
Where did Mussolini military expand?
Into north Africa in the Mediterranean
Leyte Gulf
Japan introduces kamikaze pilots. These pilots killed himself to help Japan.
What was the date of D-Day?
June 6, 1944
Operation overlord, D-Day
June 6, 1944 The invasion of France from across the English Channel. France is liberated; took four months.
Coral sea
Keep Japan from attacking Australia. All fighting done from air.
Battle of the Bulge
Last term attempt to push the allies out & delays invasion of Germany
Munich conference
Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia
Maginot line
Line of forts built in France to stop a German invasion. It failed when Germany went around it.
Selective service act
Loud US to build up their military, drafted men from 18 to 25
What are collectives and who formed them?
Massive Farms run by many farmers. Stalin.
VE Day
May 8, 1945
How many pounds of equipment in America ship to D-Day?
Million and a half
Holocaust
Murder of millions of European Jews and others deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany
August 9, 1945
Nagasaki
Island hopping
Name Pacific strategy; take Key Islands & skip others of less importance
What was the codename for D-Day?
Operation overlord
Mein Kampf "My Struggle"
Outline of Hitler's political and social views; blamed Germany's problems on the Jews & the Treaty of Versailles. He wrote this while in jail.
What happened at 7:50 AM, December 7, 1941?
Pearl Harbor was attacked
What does Mussolini promise to Italy?
Promises to return Rome to greatness, economic and military expansion, and blamed Italy's problems on lesser races
USSR: Stalin's main goal
Promote industrial and agricultural output
What was still an experiment in 1941?
Radar
Doolittle Raids
Response to Pearl Harbor, industrial targets in Tokyo. Little damage but raised US morale
Manhattan Project
Secret program to detonate atomic bomb; headquarters at Los Alamo, New Mexico.
Beginning of War
September 1, 1939
Phony war
September 1939 to the spring of 1940 Hitler stops annexing
War production Board
Supervise were productions, distribution of materials and service
What was tested in New Mexico on July 16, 1945?
The atomic bomb
What was the turning point in World War II?
The battle of Stalingrad cause the death over 2 million Russians. Hitler's army was destroyed by the winter.
What American icon was born during WWII?
The jeep
What's the league of Nations do to stop Hitler from expanding?
They did nothing, they wanted to avoid war. This signals to dictators everywhere that no one wants to stop them.
What is the best secret weapon of WWII?
Women
