U.S. History Ch.19-Ch.20 EOC US.98,99,100,102,103,105,106
Deregulation
The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.
Three Mile Island
The location of a nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania where there was a radiation leak in 1979
Sadam Hussein
The old leader of Iraq who invaded Kuwait starting the Persian Gulf War. He was captured by the United States in the later War in Iraq and was put on trial for genocide, and crimes against human rights and executed.
Executive Privilege
The presidential assertion of the right to withhold certain information from Congress. Nixon claimed this when he was asked to release the White House Tapes to the special prosecutor.
George McGovern
This anti-war South Dakota Democratic Senator lost a landslide election to Nixon in 1972
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
Treaty between the U.S. and Soviet Union in 1987 to reduce the number of Intermediate Range Nuclear Missiles.
Panama Canal Treaty
Treaty negotiated under President Jimmy Carter in 1977, it stated that Panama would gain control of the canal after 1999.
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT 1)
Treaty signed in 1972 by the United States and the Soviet Union to slow the nuclear arms race.
Colin Powel
U.S. General who was chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. He later becomes the first African American Secretary of State under George W. Bush in 2000.
Iran Hostage Crisis
A group of Iranians overran the American embassy in Iran's capital of Tehran and took 52 hostages in 1979 during Jimmy Carter's Presidency. Lasted 444 days; US hostages finally released by Iranian radicals.
Endangered Species Act of 1973
A law requiring the federal government to protect all species listed as endangered in 1973
Ban on DDT
A nationwide ban on the pesticide was passed in 1972
Camp David Accords
A peace agreement mediated by U.S. President Carter between Egypt and Israel in 1978 where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel.
Iran-Contra Scandal
America sold weapons to Iran secretly and money made was given to Contra rebels in Nicaragua against Congress's consent.
Nixon Resigns
August 9, 1974 Richard Nixon became the first President to resign from office as a result of the Watergate Scandal.
White House Tapes
President Nixon's Secret recording of conversations in Oval Office. Was a key piece of evidence in Watergate Scandal.
War on Drugs
President Ronald Reagan and George Bush's organized effort to end drug smuggling and illegal drug use
Gerald Ford
President from 1974-1977, Republican, first non elected president and VP, he pardoned Nixon. He was appointed Vice President by Nixon after Agnew resigned and became President when Nixon resigned.
"Tear Down This Wall!"
Quote from a speech Reagan made to pressure Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to take down the Berlin Wall.
Nicaraguan War (Sandinistas vs. Contras)
Reagan sent aid to the Contras in Nicaragua who were fighting the Communist Sandinistas.
Peace through Strength
Reagan's foreign policy to build up military power to help preserve peace.
The Reagan Doctrine
Reagan's idea to support opponents of communism anywhere in the world
Election of 1980
Republican Ronald Reagan won over Democrat Jimmy Carter
Election of 1984
Republican Ronald Reagan won reelection in the second largest electoral victory ever against Democrat Walter Mondale.
Aid to Afghan Rebels
Ronald Reagan sent money and weapons to Afghan Rebels to fight the Soviet Union.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Ronald Reagan's proposed system to defend the United States against missile attacks nicknamed Star Wars. The idea was to create a space shield that could destroy oncoming missiles.
Ford Pardons Nixon
September 8, 1974 President Ford pardons Richard Nixon. Many Americans were upset.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet leader of the 1980s who worked with Reagan to end the Cold War
Silent Majority
Term used by President Nixon to describe Americans who disapproved of the counterculture.
Ronald Reagan
The 40th President of the United States from 1981-1989; former actor, and oldest person to become President. Republican who defeated Democrat Jimmy Carter in the Election of 1980.
Watergate Break In
The Democratic Headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington was broken into by burglars working for CREEP in a scandal that leads to President Nixon Resigning.
Geraldine Ferraro
The Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1984, first female candidate for a major party.
Rust Belt
The Northeast and Great Lakes Region of the United States that has lost population and has had many factories close since the 1980s.
Election of 1988
The Presidential election in which Republican George H.W. Bush defeats Democrat Michael Dukakis
Sunbelt
The Southern and Western part of the United States that has seen a tremendous amount of growth since the 1980s.
End of Soviet Union/ Cold War
The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 as Communism ended and the former Soviet Republics broke into independent Democratic Countries, the largest of which is Russia. This marked the end of the Cold War.
Archibald Cox
The Special Prosecutor that was hired to investigate the Watergate Scandal
United States vs. Nixon
The Supreme Court ruled Nixon must turn over tapes and can not use executive privilege
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The US federal agency with a mission to protect human health and the environment started in 1970
Earth Day
A day in which we celebrate the earth, first held on April 22, 1970.
Leon Jaworski
Hired as a replacement for Cox as special prosecutor in the Watergate Scandal, also asked Nixon to turn over the tapes.
Grenada
Island in the Caribbean where Reagan sent troops to take out a Communist dictator who had risen to power in 1983.
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
reporters for the Washington Post who exposed and publicized the Watergate scandal.
Nixon Doctrine
the U.S. will not do the majority of fighting in countries threatened by communism, will provide aid
Department of Energy
the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States 1977 - Carter added it to the Cabinet to acknowledge the importance of energy conservation.
Sandra Day O' Connor
the first female Supreme Court Justice, appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1981
Detente
the relaxation of Cold War tensions during the 1970s under President Nixon
Revenue Sharing
the system of disbursing part of federal tax revenues to state and local governments for their use under President Nixon
American Indian Movement (AIM)
A frequently militant organization that was formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights. Their most famous protest was at Wounded Knee in February 1973.
Clean Air Act of 1970
1970 Federal Act that set emission standards for cars and limits for release of air pollutants of all other industries.
Operation Desert Storm
1991 American-led attack on Iraqi forces after Iraq refused to withdraw its troops from Kuwait. The United States and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours.
Richard Nixon
37th President from 1969-1974 Republican who won the Election of 1968 and 1972 but became the first President to resign from office in 1974 during the Watergate Scandal.
Jimmy Carter
39th U.S. President from 1977-1981. Democrat who defeated Republican Gerald Ford in the Election of 1976.
George H.W. Bush
41st U.S. President from 1989-1993. Republican who defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis in the Election of 1988. He previously served as Vice-President to Ronald Reagan.
Bill Clinton
42nd U.S. President from 1993-2001. Democrat who defeated George H.W. Bush to win the Election of 1992 and was reelected in 1996. He later becomes the 2nd President to be impeached but not removed from office.
Warren Burger
Conservative Supreme Court Chief Justice appointed by Nixon headed the Conservative Burger Court
Election of 1992
Democrat Bill Clinton wins the election over Republican President George H.W. Bush and Independent Ross Perot.
Election of 1976
Democrat Jimmy Carter defeats Republican Gerald Ford
Economic Crisis of 1970s
During the 1970s the U.S. suffered through a severe economic recession
Reganomics
Economic Plan popularized by President Ronald Reagan also called supply side economics and trickle down economics where tax breaks given to the rich and less regulations on business to stimulate the economy, with the belief that the benefits would "trickle down" to the poor.
Nixon visits China
February 1972 Nixon became the first President to visit Communist China
Clean Water Act of 1972
Federal water pollution control law intended to clean up the nation's rivers and lakes in 1972.
Carter's Economic Policies
First tried to end recession by increasing government spending and cutting taxes. Then he tried to reduce money supply and raise interest rates. His measures were ineffective.
American Soviet Summit
May 1972 President Nixon went to Moscow to meet with Soviet leaders becoming the first American President since WWII to visit the Soviet Union.
Love Canal
Neighborhood in New York built on a toxic waste dump, which led to much higher rates of cancer in 1978.
Law and Order President
Nickname for Nixon as he promised to restore law and order going after war protestors and liberal Supreme Court rulings.
John Mitchell
Nixon's Attorney General. Headed CREEP. Approved Watergate break-in
New Federalism
Nixon's plan to distribute a portion of federal power to state and local governments
William Rehnquist
Nominated by Ronald Reagan to be Chief Justice in 1986 in an attempt to push the Supreme Court in a more conservative direction.
Challenger Disaster
On January 28, 1986, the challenger space shuttle exploded right after take off
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Organization created by oil-exporting nations in 1960 (mostly Arab counties in the Middle East); OPEC cut off oil to the US for supporting Israel
Manuel Noriega
Panama leader who was overthrown in a 1989 US invasion; Tried and imprisoned for drug trafficking
Spiro Agnew
Vice President under Nixon, resigned for extortion and bribery charges
Persian Gulf War
War in 1991 when the US under President Bush came to Kuwait's rescue after Iraq invaded in 1990
John Dean
White House lawyer whose dramatic charges against Nixon were validated by the Watergate tapes
Fall of Berlin Wall
a 1989 event that represented the fall of the Soviet Union and communism in Eastern Europe
Inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Stagflation
a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
Watergate Scandal
a political scandal that resulted in President Nixon's resignation in 1974
Rachel Carson
author of Silent Spring; helped influence environmental awareness and banning of DDT
Smog
fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants.
Committee for the ReElection of the President (CREEP)
group who organized the Watergate break in
