U.S. History Chapter 10
Who stood to gain from the Tariff of Abominations, and who expected to lose by it?
Northern manufacturers were expected to gain from the tariff because it made competing goods from abroad more expensive than those they made. Southern plantation owners expected the tariff would be costly for them, because it raised the price of goods they could only import. Southerners also feared the tariff represented an unwelcome expansion of federal power over the states.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced most members of the Cherokee nation to relocate to which current U.S. state?
Oklahoma
What was the lasting impact of the Bucktail Republican Party in New York?
They changed state election laws from an appointee system to a system of open elections.
tyranny of the majority
Alexis de Tocqueville's phrase warning of the dangers of American democracy
Who won the popular vote in the election of 1824?
Andrew Jackson
Five Civilized Tribes
the five tribes—Cherokee, Seminole, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw—who had most thoroughly adopted Anglo-American culture; they also happened to be the tribes that were believed to stand in the way of western settlement in the South
spoils system
the political system of rewarding friends and supporters with political appointments
code of deference
the practice of showing respect for individuals who had distinguished themselves through accomplishments or birth
American System
the program of federally sponsored roads and canals, protective tariffs, and a national bank advocated by Henry Clay and enacted by President Adams
South Carolina threatened to nullify which federal act?
the protective tariff on imported goods
Trail of Tears
the route of the forced removal of the Cherokee and other tribes from the southeastern United States to the territory that is now Oklahoma
second party system
the system in which the Democratic and Whig Parties were the two main political parties after the decline of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties
monster bank
the term Democratic opponents used to denounce the Second Bank of the United States as an emblem of special privilege and big government
corrupt bargain
the term that Andrew Jackson's supporters applied to John Quincy Adams's 1824 election, which had occurred through the machinations of Henry Clay in the U.S. House of Representatives
nullification
the theory, advocated in response to the Tariff of 1828, that states could void federal law at their discretion
universal manhood suffrage
voting rights for all male adults
In the 1820s universal manhood suffrage meant that all men could vote.
False
How did President Jackson respond to Congress's re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States?
He vetoed it.
Which candidate worked behind the scenes in the House of Representatives in 1824 to make sure that John Quincy Adams won the election?
Henry Clay
Which political candidate in the 1824 election favored the building of roads and canals at the federal government's expense?
Henry Clay
Why did Andrew Jackson and his supporters consider the election of John Quincy Adams to be a "corrupt bargain"?
Jackson and his supporters resented Speaker Henry Clay's maneuvering in the House of Representatives, which gave Adams the election even though Jackson had won the popular vote. When Adams, after taking office, gave Clay the post of secretary of state, it seemed that Adams was rewarding Clay—perhaps even fulfilling the terms of a secret bargain.
What were the planks of Andrew Jackson's campaign platform in 1828?
Jackson campaigned as a man of the people, intent on sweeping away the corrupt elite by undoing the "corrupt bargain" of Adams's election, making new federal appointments, and elevating officials whose election actually reflected the will of the majority of voters.
Which conflict resulted from resistance to the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
the Black Hawk War
Why did the Second Bank of the United States make such an inviting target for President Jackson?
Many people saw the Second Bank of the United States, the "monster bank," as a tool for the privileged few, not for the public good. To Jackson, who saw himself as a spokesman for the common people against a powerful minority elite, it represented the elites' self-serving policies. Fighting to dismantle the bank increased his popularity among many American voters.
Which state most dramatically expanded suffrage in the early nineteenth century?
New York
Which state took an early stand on states' rights, foreshadowing the secession that would lead to the Civil War?
South Carolina
The election of 1828 brought in the first presidency of which political party?
The Democrats
What was the significance of the Petticoat affair?
The Petticoat affair divided those loyal to President Jackson from Washington, DC, insiders. When Washington socialite Peggy O'Neal's husband committed suicide and O'Neal then married John Eaton, a Tennessee senator with whom she was reportedly unfaithful to her husband, Jackson and those loyal to him defended Peggy Eaton against other Washington, DC, socialites and politicians. Martin Van Buren, in particular, supported the Eatons and became an important figure in Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet" of select supporters and advisers.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The Trail of Tears was the route of the forced removal of the Cherokee and other Indian tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to what is now Oklahoma. The expulsion was carried out by the U.S. military, and thousands of Indians perished on the way.
How did Alexis de Tocqueville react to his visit to the United States? What impressed and what worried him?
Tocqueville came to believe that democracy was an unstoppable force whose major benefit was equality before the law. However, he also described the tyranny of the majority, which overpowers the will of minorities and individuals.
Federalism gradually declined in the early 1800s as the Democratic-Republicans ascended.
True
log cabin campaign
the 1840 election, in which the Whigs painted William Henry Harrison as a man of the people
What were the philosophies and policies of the new Whig Party?
Whigs opposed what they viewed as the tyrannical rule of Andrew Jackson. For this reason, they named themselves after the eighteenth-century British-American Whigs, who stood in opposition to King George. Whigs believed in an active federal government committed to internal improvements, including the establishment of a national bank.
The winner of the 1840 election was ________.
a Whig
Tariff of Abominations
a federal tariff introduced in 1828 that placed a high duty on imported goods in order to help American manufacturers, which southerners viewed as unfair and harmful to their region
Kitchen Cabinet
a nickname for Andrew Jackson's informal group of loyal advisers
Whigs
a political party that emerged in the early 1830s to oppose what members saw as President Andrew Jackson's abuses of power
What was the actual result of Jackson's policy of "rotation in office"?
a replacement of Adams's political loyalists with Jackson's political loyalists
The 1830 Indian Removal Act is best understood as ________.
an illustration of the widespread hatred of Indians during the Age of Jackson
How did most whites in the United States view Indians in the 1820s?
as savages
Which of the following did not characterize political changes in the 1830s?
increasing political power of free black voters
The Tariff of Abominations
made Southern slave owners fear for the future of slavery made Southern states feel like a burden had been placed on them in the form of taxes on imported goods was supported by President John Quincy Adams
Which group saw an expansion of their voting rights in the early nineteenth century?
non-property-owning men
rotation in office
originally, simply the system of having term limits on political appointments; in the Jackson era, this came to mean the replacement of officials with party loyalists
A member of Jackson's Democratic party would be interested in all of the following except
social deference