US History Chp 29

What 2 events gave JFK his dramatic opportunity to announce his civil rights bill?

1.) gov. Geroge Wallace stood in front of the university of Alabamas admissions office to prevent 2 Af Am students from registering. 2.) June 12, Medger Evers a civil rights activist in Mississippi was murdered by a white segregationist.

Af. Am. churches-What role did these churches play?

Af Am. churches provided a safe place for Af. Am. to gather and hold meetings

Watts riot-Where? When? Why did it start?

August 1965 in Watts los Angeles. Police brutallity had started these riots.

For most Af Ams what did black power mean? What did it stress/emphasize? EXAMPLE?

Black power meant that Af Ams should control the social, political and economic direction of their struggle. It stressed pride in the Af Am cutural group. It emphasized racial distinctiveness rather than cultural assimilation. Many adopted african names.

What did CORE try to do?

CORE used sit ins to shame restaurant managers into integrating their restaurants

What type of pressure did the Montgomery Improvement Association use?

Economic pressure

What did the FBI discover about Bull Connor?

FBI evidence showed that Connor had contacted the local KKK and told them he wanted the freedoms riders beaten

Who did CORE leader James Farmer asked who to go where to do what?

Farmer asked teams of Af Ams and whites to travel into the south to draw attention to the Souths refusal to integrate bus terminals.

What did Faubus do that got himself in trouble? What did Eisenhower do?

Faubus had used the armed forces of a state to oppose the authority of the federal government. Eisenhower couldn't let him defy the federal government. A district court ordered Faubus to remove the troops, so he left the school to the mob.

Little Rock-What did the governer order and why?

Gov. Faubus ordered troops from the National Guard to prevent the 9 Af. Am students from entering the school

What did Eisenhower believe about the Brown v. Board of Education decision? Yet...? Why?

He felt it was wrong yet he felt that he had to uphold the authority of the federal government and protect the constitutional rights of African Americans.

What did MLK know and what was he looking for? What was he going to do to succeed? What did he deliver here?

He knew it would be hard to push the bill through Congress. King searched for a way to lobby Congress and to build more support. To succeed he gathered more than 200,000 demonstators of all races and marched to the nations capital. Here he delivered the I have a dream speech.

What did Thurgood Marshall have in the case?

He was the lawyer

What did Southern Manifesti encourage?

It encouraged white southerners to defy the Supreme Court

Where did MLK go in March 1968 and why?

King went to Memphis TN to support a strike of Af Am sanitation workers.

Who was MLK and what did he believe was the only way to end racism and segregation?

MLK was a 26 year old pastor that was elected to lead the boycott. MLK believed that the only moral way to end racism and segregation was through nonviolent passive resistance.

What happened to Malcolm X in Feb 1965 and why?

Malcolm X was murdered by organization members because he criticized the organization and its leader Elijah Muhammad.

What did the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X believe?

Nation of Islam: preached black nationalism Black Muslims (malcolm X): believed that af ams should seperate themselves from whites and forms their own self governing communities.

What did many states adopt?

Pupil assignment laws-To defend segregation. These laws created an elaborate set of requirements other than race that schools could use to prevent Af. Ams from attending while schools.

What did Rosa Parks start? How?

She started the Montgomery bus boycott & did this by refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.

Sit in movement-How did it start and what was it?

Started at Woolworths department store lunch counter in Feb 1960. 4 Af Am students sat at the counter everyday until they recieved the same service as whites. A new mass movement had started.

When did the modern civil rights movement start?

Started when Rosa Parks agreed to challenge segregation in court.

Who was Stokley Carmichael ans what did he call for?

Stokley Cadmichael called for black power.

What did SCLC set out to do?

The SCLC set out to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage Af. Ams. to register to vote.

What was established in Plessy v Ferguson?

The ruling had established the "seperate but equal" doctrine

James Meredith-Who was he? What did he become the first to do? What did JFK order and why?

Was an Af Am. air force veteran. became the 1st Af Am to graduate from the university of Mississippi. JFK ordered the army to send several thousand troops to the campus. Meredith attended classes ans was able to graduate the following August.

Black Panthers-What did leadership adopt and what did it call for?

adopted a "ten point program" which called for black empowerment, an end to racial oppression, and control of major institutions and services in the Af Am communities.

Black Panthers-What did they believe and what did they urge?

believed that a revolution was necessary in the US and they urged Af Ams to arm themselves and confront white society in order to force whites to grant them equal rights

What had malcolm X become a symbol of?

black power

What did the civil rights act of 1968 contain?

contained a fair housing provision outlawing discrimination in housing sales and rentals and gave the Justice Dept authority to bring suits against such discrimination.

How did Malcolm X change after a trip to Mecca?

he concluded that an integrated society was possible

According to MLK when would the federal government get involved?

only when violence and disorder got out of hand

de facto segregation

segregation by custom and tradition

SNCC-It sent who where and to do what? What happened in 1964?

sent volunteers to rural areas of the deep South to register Af. Ams to vote. In 1964, 3 volunteers were murdered by local officials in Mississippi.

What did MLK do in the spring of 1963? Why did he do this?

spring of 1963 he decided to launch demostrations in Burmingham, Alabama knowing they'd probably provoke a violent response. he did this because he felt it was the only way to get JFK to actively support civil rights.