US History Since 1877: Chapter 15

1.________ in the South differed between states, but they shared common features such as restricting black 2.________ rights by prohibiting them from 3.________against whites and serving on 4.________, as well as enforcing 5.________ laws against the recently emancipated black community.

1. Black codes 2. legal 3. testifying 4. juries 5. vagrancy

Put the following events that led up to the end of Reconstruction in chronological order.

1. Lincoln is assassinated 2. The black codes are created 3. Th 14th amendment is ratified 4. Congress passes the Military Reconstruction Act 5. Redeemers begin to control southern states 6. The Compromise of 1877 ends Congressional Reconstruction

Put the following Reconstruction events in chronological order.

1. Lincoln issues the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. 2. The Freedmen's Bureau is created. 3. Johnson commences his "Restoration" Plan. 4. The Civil Rights Act is passed. 5. The Congressional Reconstruction acts are passed.

Put the following events in the order that led to the end of Congressional Reconstruction.

1. Passage of Public Credit Act 2. Black Friday 3. Passage of the Enforcement Acts 4. Presidential victory of Rutherford B. Hayes

Congressional Reconstruction Plan

Established Confederate states as occupied territories governed by Congress, political equality for black men, forced southern states to create new constitution that ensured voting rights fr African American men

Although most northerners in the postwar South were there to help rebuild the economy, critics referred to them as carpetbaggers, opportunists who came purely to gain political control.

False

Johnson proved to be a strong supporter of black civil rights throughout his presidency.

False

President Johnson's veto of a bill renewing the Freedmen's Bureau, as well as his criticism of Radical Republican support for black civil rights, did little to drive a wedge between the two wings of the Republican party.

False

In 1865, Henry Adams left the plantation where he had been enslaved. A group of whites confronted him on the road, asked the name of his owner, and beat him when he declared that, "I now belong to no one." How does the response to Henry Adams's claim reflect the status of slaves post-emancipation?

It illustrated the complex status of African Americans after the war, as many did not immediately enjoy equal status, it demonstrated why some slaves left plantations for cities, and it embodied the general feeling among southern whites who resented the new status of African Americans.

Identify the following Reconstruction Plans. Note that some characteristics might belong to two or more plans, while some might not belong to any of the plans.

Next 3 questions

Identify the outcomes of Congressional Reconstruction that gave birth to a second reconstruction as the civil rights movement in the twentieth century.

Ratification of the 14th and 15th amendments

Johnson's "Restoration" Plan

Readmission to the Union following ratification of the 13th amendment by the southern states

Lincoln's Wartime Reconstruction Plan

Readmission to the Union for former Rebel states when at least 10% of those who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Union

Describe the impact of the Panic of 1873 on Congressional Reconstruction efforts.

Reduced the emphasis northern voters placed on reconstructing the South and weakened the national economy.

Identify the institutions that proved to be essential in easing the transition for many southern blacks from slavery to freedom.

Schools, churches, and the U.S. military

The question of who within the federal government had authority over Reconstruction was a major source of debate. What was Lincoln's position?

Southern states had never left the Union, so the executive branch had authority over Reconstruction

Lincoln believed that the Confederate states had never actually left the Union. Why was his view important in deciding how these states would be reintegrated into the Union after the Civil War?

The executive branch of the federal government is in charge of re-constituting state governments, so that meant it was Lincoln's responsibility to re-form the state governments.

Describe the status of race relations in the South by the end of Congressional Reconstruction.

The majority of southern whites were members of the Democratic party and most southern whites still opposed civil rights and social equality for African Americans.

Identify all of the aspects of the Radical Republicans' stance on Reconstruction.

They consistently argued that southern society should be drastically transformed.

Religious life was significant for African Americans after the Civil War because black churches were the first social institutions that former slaves could control.

True

The chief debate within the federal government over who should direct the Reconstruction of the South was between the executive and legislative branches of government.

True

While Reconstruction did not immediately provide for full protection of economic opportunities or social equality for African Americans, it did leave behind a constitutional legacy that allowed for future civil rights achievements.

True

What of the following arguments is best supported by this excerpt from and 1865 Mississippi law on vagrancy? "All freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes in this State, over the age of eighteen years, found on the second Monday in January, 1866, or thereafter, with no lawful employment or business, or found unlawfully assembling themselves together, either in the day or night time ... shall be deemed vagrants, and on conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding ... fifty dollars ... and imprisoned at the discretion of the court ... not exceeding ten days."

White southerns sought to use vagrancy laws to control African American labor