U.S. History Unit 7 Summer School
14) Truman considered his 1948 election victory over Republican Thomas to be a mandate for his policies, especially his resistance to the spread of .
Dewey Communism
16) The fight against communism involved the efforts of such famous Hollywood personalities as Walt and Ronald .
Disney Reagan
4) Black families, to show their patriotism and their desire for equality, displayed a ____________ V sign in their windows.
Double
14) General ___________ was in charge of the Allied forces fighting in the Southwest Pacific and would remain in charge of troops in the Far East after World War II.
Douglas MacArthur
13) General ___________ served as supreme commander for the Allied forces in Europe during World War II and as Army Chief of Staff after the war.
Dwight Eisenhower General Eisenhower was a career officer in the U.S. Army. Born in Denison, Texas, in 1890, Dwight David Eisenhower entered West Point in 1911 and served for more than 40 years. He resigned from active service in 1952, after serving as supreme commander for the Allied forces in Europe during World War II and as Army Chief of Staff after the war. He retired as a 5-star general.
The Soviet Union established a communist government in __________ Germany.
East The Soviet Union established a government for East Germany and surrounded and cut off East Berlin from the West. A democratic government was established in West Germany, supported by the Allies. This division of Germany remained in place until 1990.
4) Governments-in-exile, along with the government of Great Britain, signed the _______ Declaration, stating their intent to work together for the cause of peace and security.
Inter-Allied Nations signed a declaration of their intent to work together for the cause of peace and security. This declaration, signed on July 12, 1941, was called the Inter-Allied Declaration. Two months later, the United States signed an agreement to join this group. This agreement was called the Atlantic Charter, and it pledged mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of ________________ combat pilots.
African-American Some special units were allowed to participate in combat roles. The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African-American pilots who were allowed to fight in both North Africa and Europe. The Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team was a highly successful combat regiment that fought in Europe.
4) The Soviet Union established a communist government for Germany and surrounded and cut off East from the West.
East Berlin The Soviet Union established a government for East Germany and surrounded and cut off East Berlin from the West. A democratic government was established in West Germany, supported by the Allies. This division of Germany remained in place until 1990.
President Truman called her "The First Lady of the World", who is she?
Eleanor Roosevelt
1) In February, 1945, the Big met in , the Crimea, to discuss the future of Germany and of the governing of other nations that had been occupied by Germany.
Three Yalta European
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He served as supreme commander for the Allied forces in Europe during World War II.
Alger Hiss
He was a State Department official accused by Whittaker Chambers of sending classified documents to the Soviet Union.
Ralph Bunche
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to negotiate peace between Israel and its neighbors.
11) Select four of Ralph Bunche's accomplishments.
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. ✓ He served in several diplomatic missions as a peace negotiator for the UN. He also helped create the UN Declaration of Human Rights. He helped in the early stages of the formation of the United Nations, attending the founding conference in April of 1945.
Robert H. Jackson
This member of the U.S. Supreme Court served as a lead prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials.
16) Select the three leaders belonging to the "Big Three."
Joseph Stalin Winston Churchill Franklin D. Roosevelt
13) Who were the WASPs and what did they do?
They were women civilian pilots who ferried military aircraft, freeing up male pilots for war duty. One of the interesting groups to serve during the war was called the WASPs, or Women Airforce Service Pilots. These women were civilian pilots who served stateside to ferry airplanes from one location to another, freeing men for war duty. These women flew every type of airplane in service, including bombers and fighters. A total of 1,074 women passed the WASP training program and served during World War II.
Douglas MacArthur
This general was in charge of the Allied forces fighting in the Southwest Pacific.
Joseph McCarthy
This senator investigated the State Department, charging that a large number of communist agents had infiltrated it.
7) Type in chronological order using numbers 1-9 arranging the events of the Korean War.
1 With Russia and China's support, North Korea invades South Korea and quickly overruns South Korea's army. 2 The UN Security Council passes a resolution authorizing military intervention; the Soviet Union boycotts the vote. 3 Outnumbered South Korean and UN forces withdraw to the southeast corner of South Korea, to a position called the Pusan Perimeter. 4 General MacArthur transports an American force by sea to the port of Inchon east of Seoul. American forces recapture Seoul. 5 The North Korean army is all but defeated when Communist China sends troops to fight alongside the North Koreans. 6 With Soviet air cover, the Korean and Chinese armies capture Seoul. 7 President Truman calls General MacArthur back to the states and replaces him with General Matthew Ridgway. 8 The U.S. army is able to drive the North Koreans and Chinese forces back and reclaim Seoul. 9 Negotiations reestablish the 38th parallel as the border separating North and South Korea.
16) Movie attendance, including drive-in theaters, soared during the _____.
1950s
A(n) inflationary cycle created by high demand led to spiraling prices during the _______.
1950s
Movie attendance, including drive-in theaters, soared during the _____.
1950s
Type in chronological order using numbers 1-6 arranging the events of the Korean War.
5 With Soviet air cover, the Korean and Chinese armies capture Seoul. 1 With Russia and China's support, North Korea invades South Korea and quickly overruns South Korea's army. 3 General MacArthur transports an American force by sea to the port of Inchon east of Seoul. American forces recapture Seoul. 4 The North Korean army is all but defeated when Communist China sends troops to fight alongside the North Koreans. 2 Outnumbered South Korean and UN forces withdraw to the southeast corner of South Korea, to a position called the Pusan Perimeter. 6 The U.S. army is able to drive the North Koreans and Chinese forces back and reclaim Seoul. Negotiations reestablish the 38th parallel.
Delegates from ___ nations signed the charter forming the United Nations on June 26, 1945.
50
8) On June 26, 1945, delegates from all nations present voted to accept the of the United Nations.
50 charter
7) More than ___ million servicemen returned home to find a struggling economy and difficult job market.
8 Great numbers of African Americans and women had entered the workforce during the war and were unwilling to give up their jobs. This left over 8 million servicemen to return home to a struggling economy and weak job market. President Truman was anxious to avoid the problems that had led to the recession immediately after World War I and ultimately, to the Great Depression.
15) How long did Harry S. Truman serve as Vice President?
83 Days
8) In 1948, President Harry Truman created Executive Order _____, which eventually eliminated segregation in the military.
9981
Audie Murphy
This young American soldier earned 33 medals and killed or captured more than 240 Axis soldiers.
5) By signing the _______ Charter, the United States pledged mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
Atlantic Nations signed a declaration of their intent to work together for the cause of peace and security. This declaration, signed on July 12, 1941, was called the Inter-Allied Declaration. Two months later, the United States signed an agreement to join this group. This agreement was called the Atlantic Charter, and it pledged mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
The _________ Charter pledged the mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
Atlantic Nations signed a declaration of their intent to work together for the cause of peace and security. This declaration, signed on July 12, 1941, was called the Inter-Allied Declaration. Two months later, the United States signed an agreement to join this group. This agreement was called the Atlantic Charter, and it pledged mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
The North ___________ Treaty Organization is a group of western nations committed to the protection of territory, political independence, and security of member nations should a threat occur.
Atlantic With the continuing threat of communist expansion in Europe and Asia, the United States, Canada, and several other Western European countries signed a defense agreement in 1949 called the North Atlantic Treaty. The agreement formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and committed the members to the protection of territory, political independence, and security of member nations should a threat occur.
11) In an effort to address the developing threat, the UN established the United Nations ________ to inspect every nation's atomic energy development.
Atomic Energy Comission Since the Warsaw Pact was determined to spread communism throughout Europe and Asia, and the members of NATO were determined to stop them, fear of nuclear war hovered over the world. In an effort to address the developing threat, the UN established the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) to inspect every nation's atomic energy development.
10) By 1949, the Soviet Union had developed ________________ of its own.
Atomic weapons The development of the atom bomb ushered in a new age and new threats. By 1949, the Soviet Union had developed atomic weapons of its own, and other nations were trying to do the same. At the same time, the missile programs of these nations were creating new methods of delivering atomic warheads to distant targets.
The Soviet Union developed ___ of its own by 1949.
Atomic weapons The development of the atom bomb ushered in a new age and new threats. By 1949, the Soviet Union had developed atomic weapons of its own, and other nations were trying to do the same. At the same time, the missile programs of these nations were creating new methods of delivering atomic warheads to distant targets.
15) ________ earned every medal for valor offered by the United States (33 in all), including the Medal of Honor, and killed or captured more than 240 Axis soldiers.
Audie Murphy Audie Murphy fought in nine campaigns, killed or captured more than 240 Axis soldiers, and was promoted several times, reaching the rank of Lieutenant. By the end of the war, he had earned every medal for valor offered by the United States, including the Medal of Honor, as well as five medals from France and Belgium. He left active duty at the end of the war, not yet having reached the age of 21.
3) The "________," a surge in births, led to many consumer purchases, including the purchase of homes.
Baby Boom
President Truman ordered food and supplies be airlifted to trapped residents during the ________ Airlift.
Berlin
3) President Truman ordered that food and supplies be airlifted to ease the suffering of Berliners in an effort called the _________.
Berlin Airlift
Truman won the 1948 Presidential election, defeating Republican __________________.
Thomas Dewey
2) The ________, initiated in 1943, trained over 125,000 women as military nurses.
Cadet Nurse Corps
Which leader was NOT part of the "Big Three?"
Charles de Gaulle
4) By December 1949, and nearly 2 million nationalist Chinese were forced to withdraw to the island of Formosa (). Communism under had taken control of China.
Chiang Kai-shek Taiwan Mao Tse-Tung
The __________ defense system was put in place to assist civilians to protect themselves from a nuclear attack.
Civil In the United States, the government realized that the threat of nuclear attack was real. A system was put into place to assist civilians in protecting themselves against a nuclear explosion, including the initial blast, heat, and nuclear fallout. This system was known as the civil defense system. It included the building and stocking of fallout shelters near cities, a system of sirens to warn people of an imminent nuclear attack, and literature and radio and television public service announcements.
12) The _______ was put into place to assist civilians in protecting themselves against a nuclear explosion.
Civil Defense System In the United States, the government realized that the threat of nuclear attack was real. A system was put into place to assist civilians in protecting themselves against a nuclear explosion, including the initial blast, heat, and nuclear fallout. This system was known as the civil defense system. It included the building and stocking of fallout shelters near cities, a system of sirens to warn people of an imminent nuclear attack, and literature and radio and television public service announcements.
9) The progress of was slow, but a foundation was being laid that would become important in the later 1950s and would become a(n) focus in the 1960s.
Civil Rights National
2) In Great Britain, Winston Churchill's Conservative Party had lost the Parliamentary elections, with the result that _______ became Prime Minister.
Clement Atlee
11) Select the two factors that kept factories working at capacity after the end of World War II.
Consumers began to demand automobiles and other industrial products. The need for military items continued during the Cold War and Korean War.
The Nuremberg trials led to the creation of a permanent International Criminal _________.
Court The Nuremberg Trials also led to the creation of a permanent International Criminal Court. This court system is in place today for the future prosecution of war crimes, and defendants are tried using laws and principles established at Nuremberg.
14) The Nuremberg Trials also led to the creation of a permanent International _________.
Criminal Court The Nuremberg Trials also led to the creation of a permanent International Criminal Court. This court system is in place today for the future prosecution of war crimes, and defendants are tried using laws and principles established at Nuremberg.
6) In 1942, representatives of the governments of 26 nations signed the by .
Declaration United Nations Representatives of the governments of 26 nations signed the Declaration by United Nations. While this was essentially an expansion of the Allies as formed by the previous charters, it is significant because it is the first time the words United Nations were used. Eventually, 21 other nations would sign this charter. The foundation was being laid for the United Nations to become a reality.
5) South Korea established a government, but North Korea established a Soviet-style regime.
Democratic Communist Two separate governments were established with the 38th parallel of latitude being the boundary. South Korea established a democratic government, but North Korea established a Soviet-style communist regime on September 9, 1948. Shortly after Soviet and American troops were withdrawn from their respective regions, tensions between North and South Korea intensified.
President Truman's ______ Deal sought to continue tight federal control of the economy.
Fair Truman introduced his domestic plan, called the Fair Deal, in 1947. The Fair Deal programs sought to raise the minimum wage, create a national health insurance plan, set aside public money for housing projects, and several other New Deal-type programs. Essentially, President Truman wanted to continue tight federal control of the economy.
8) President Truman's domestic plan, called the _________, sought to continue tight federal control of the economy.
Fair Deal Truman introduced his domestic plan, called the Fair Deal, in 1947. The Fair Deal programs sought to raise the minimum wage, create a national health insurance plan, set aside public money for housing projects, and several other New Deal-type programs. Essentially, President Truman wanted to continue tight federal control of the economy.
Eleanor enjoyed making speeches but rarely wrote.
False She liked both
Eleanor was a science teacher before becoming First Lady.
False She was a social studies teacher
Eleanor was Theodore Roosevelt's daughter.
False. She was his cousin
2) Select the permanent members of the Security Council. Select all that apply.
France United States Russia China Great Britain The Security Council is the most important of the councils of the United Nations (UN). It determines the actions the UN takes on any matter regarding disputes between nations. The Security Council is formed of the five permanent members—Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union (currently held by Russia), and China—and ten other members. The five permanent members have the power to veto any action taken by the Security Council.
2) The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the _______, gave military veterans money for attending colleges and universities.
GI Bill
10) _________, who had been Army Chief of Staff during World War II, served as Secretary of State in the Truman administration.
George C. Marshall George C. Marshall, who had been Army Chief of Staff during World War II and was now Secretary of State, was sent to a conference in Moscow in 1947. A new policy was instituted, the official name of which was the European Recovery Program, but which was unofficially called the Marshall Plan. This program offered economic aid to any nation in Europe that was willing to work with other nations to rebuild the economy of Europe. The plan was to build factories and put people back to work.
___ was Army Chief of Staff during World War II and Secretary of State under President Truman.
George C. Marshall George C. Marshall, who had been Army Chief of Staff during World War II and was now Secretary of State, was sent to a conference in Moscow in 1947. A new policy was instituted, the official name of which was the European Recovery Program, but which was unofficially called the Marshall Plan. This program offered economic aid to any nation in Europe that was willing to work with other nations to rebuild the economy of Europe. The plan was to build factories and put people back to work.
11) How did Native American Woodrow Keeble earn a Medal of Honor?
He rescued pinned-down soldiers by single-handedly taking out three machine gun emplacements.
2) The Allies decided that Nazi leaders could not receive an impartial trial in _____________ courts.
German The Allies decided that Nazi leaders could not receive an impartial trial in German courts, for this had been attempted at the end of World War I without satisfactory results. Therefore, they put together an international court to try these Nazi criminals. This court was called the International Military Tribunal (IMT). The IMT was to consist of judges, prosecutors, and a special panel comprised of judges. This was a military trial, and judges would determine the verdicts, rather than using a jury of civilians. This court was made legal under provisions of the documents signed at the surrender of Germany.
8) The defendants in the trial included high officials in the Nazi Party, including Hermann , and Rudolph .
Goering Hess The defendants in the trial included high officials in the Nazi Party, including Hermann Goering, Rudolph Hess, and others whose names are less familiar. These men were leaders in Germany who helped Adolph Hitler gain control of the government and build the military machinery of Germany. They had all acted contrary to the Treaty of Versailles.
13) Select two ways higher education opportunities improved for blacks during the 1950s.
Graduate programs previously open only to white students began to accept black students. Black students were awarded more scholarships to state universities.
1) _________ succeeded one of the most popular men ever to inhabit the White House.
Harry S. Truman With Franklin D. Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, Harry S. Truman succeeded one of the most popular men ever to inhabit the White House. He also came to office as President at one of the most critical moments in U.S. history. Harry S. Truman proved to be up to the challenge. Born in 1884 in Missouri, Truman had been a soldier in World War I. He had served as a judge. He had been elected to office, then finally to the Senate in 1934.
Julius Rosemberg
He and his wife were executed for espionage as members of a communists spy ring.
Thurgood Marshall
He became the first African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Winston Churchill
He described the communist oppression that fell over eastern Europe as an "iron curtain."
Hermann Goering
He was the lead spokesman for Nazi defendants. He committed suicide the night before his scheduled execution.
9) Seventeen _________ World War II veterans won the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor.
Hispanic The contribution of U.S. Hispanics to the war effort is a little difficult to address, though it was truly significant. Hispanics were considered Caucasians. There were no special battalions or units, and all branches and positions in the military were open to Hispanics. Estimates by the military put the total enlistment of Hispanics during World War II at approximately 250,000 to 500,000 men and women. Some Hispanics compiled incredible records of valor and were highly decorated during World War II. Seventeen Hispanic World War II veterans won the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor. The contribution of Hispanics to the war-support effort was impressive, as well.
Seventeen ______ veterans of World War II received the Medal of Honor.
Hispanic The contribution of U.S. Hispanics to the war effort is a little difficult to address, though it was truly significant. Hispanics were considered Caucasians. There were no special battalions or units, and all branches and positions in the military were open to Hispanics. Estimates by the military put the total enlistment of Hispanics during World War II at approximately 250,000 to 500,000 men and women. Some Hispanics compiled incredible records of valor and were highly decorated during World War II. Seventeen Hispanic World War II veterans won the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor. The contribution of Hispanics to the war-support effort was impressive, as well.
6) Adolf and two of his highest-ranking assistants, Heinrich and Joseph , had committed suicide; therefore, they were not indicted.
Hitler Himmler Goebbels
12) The Trials made permanent the story of the atrocities committed against prisoners of war, civilians, and especially, the victims of the ________.
Holocaust
The Nuremberg Trials made permanent the story of the __________ along with crimes committed against prisoners of war and civilians.
Holocaust
The ___________ Declaration stated that governments in exile, along with the government of Great Britain, intended to work together for the cause of peace and security.
Inter-Allied Nations signed a declaration of their intent to work together for the cause of peace and security. This declaration, signed on July 12, 1941, was called the Inter-Allied Declaration. Two months later, the United States signed an agreement to join this group. This agreement was called the Atlantic Charter, and it pledged mutual support of the Western Allies to seek peace on both sides of the Atlantic.
The __________ Security Act allowed for close surveillance of the Communist Party in the United States.
Internal
7) The __________ Act allowed for close surveillance and control of the Communist Party in the United States.
Internal security
3) Nazi criminals were tried by the __________ (IMT).
International Military Tribunal The Allies decided that Nazi leaders could not receive an impartial trial in German courts, for this had been attempted at the end of World War I without satisfactory results. Therefore, they put together an international court to try these Nazi criminals. This court was called the International Military Tribunal (IMT). The IMT was to consist of judges, prosecutors, and a special panel comprised of judges. This was a military trial, and judges would determine the verdicts, rather than using a jury of civilians. This court was made legal under provisions of the documents signed at the surrender of Germany.
Nazi criminals were tried by the ___.
International Military Tribunal The Allies decided that Nazi leaders could not receive an impartial trial in German courts, for this had been attempted at the end of World War I without satisfactory results. Therefore, they put together an international court to try these Nazi criminals. This court was called the International Military Tribunal (IMT). The IMT was to consist of judges, prosecutors, and a special panel comprised of judges. This was a military trial, and judges would determine the verdicts, rather than using a jury of civilians. This court was made legal under provisions of the documents signed at the surrender of Germany.
Why was Nuremberg selected as the site for war crime trials after World War II?
It was home to the Nazi Party and the anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws.
5) Baseball's Brooklyn Dodgers took a courageous stand by drafting former soldier _________ and bringing him up to the major leagues in 1947. His success led the way for other teams to bring talented blacks to the big leagues.
Jackie Robinson The talents of African Americans began to be appreciated by those who wanted to improve their businesses based upon ability, regardless of color. Baseball's Brooklyn Dodgers took a courageous stand by drafting former soldier Jackie Robinson and bringing him up to the major leagues in 1947. Robinson was a courageous man who suffered great abuse from people who did not want to see the major leagues integrated. Robinson was a tremendously talented athlete and his success led the way for other teams to bring talented blacks to the big leagues.
5) The ___________ 442nd Regimental Combat Team was a highly successful combat regiment that fought in Europe.
Japanese-American Some special units were allowed to participate in combat roles. The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African-American pilots who were allowed to fight in both North Africa and Europe. The Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team was a highly successful combat regiment that fought in Europe.
The 442nd Regimental Combat Team was made up of ___ soldiers.
Japanese-American Some special units were allowed to participate in combat roles. The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African-American pilots who were allowed to fight in both North Africa and Europe. The Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team was a highly successful combat regiment that fought in Europe.
13) In February 1950, Senator _______ charged that the State Department had been infiltrated by large numbers of communist agents.
Joseph McCarthy One of the more famous incidents regarding accusations of communist infiltration within the U.S. government involved Senator Joseph McCarthy. In February 1950, McCarthy charged that the State Department had been infiltrated by large numbers of communist agents. From 1951 until 1954, Senator McCarthy conducted investigations. McCarthy's investigations uncovered very suspicious activities, but none could be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
4) The United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union each contributed two to the court and a chief .
Judges prosecutor The U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union each contributed two judges to the court. One would serve as judge, the other would be available as an alternate. Each nation also provided a chief prosecutor. The United States sent Justice Robert H. Jackson of the Supreme Court. Most of the defense counselors were from Germany.
Hostilities in __________ ended in 1953 without a peace treaty.
Korea In November 1952, Dwight Eisenhower was elected President and traveled to Korea to find a way to end the war. With all sides weary of war, negotiations finally resulted in reestablishing the 38th parallel as the border separating North and South Korea. Hostilities ended in July 1953 with no peace treaty ever established.
3) The influence of communism in __________ made it necessary for the United States to strengthen the defenses of the free world in the Pacific.
Korea The influence of communism in Korea made it necessary for the United States to strengthen the defenses of the free world in the Pacific. Treaties were made with Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines in 1950 and 1951. These treaties both in Europe and in the Pacific were intended to limit the advance of communism.
11) The European Recovery Program, better known as the _______, offered economic aid to any nation in Europe that was willing to work with other nations to rebuild the economy of Europe.
Marshall Plan George C. Marshall, who had been Army Chief of Staff during World War II and was now Secretary of State, was sent to a conference in Moscow in 1947. A new policy was instituted, the official name of which was the European Recovery Program, but which was unofficially called the Marshall Plan. This program offered economic aid to any nation in Europe that was willing to work with other nations to rebuild the economy of Europe. The plan was to build factories and put people back to work.
The ________________ provided economic aid to countries to help rebuild the economy of Europe.
Marshall Plan George C. Marshall, who had been Army Chief of Staff during World War II and was now Secretary of State, was sent to a conference in Moscow in 1947. A new policy was instituted, the official name of which was the European Recovery Program, but which was unofficially called the Marshall Plan. This program offered economic aid to any nation in Europe that was willing to work with other nations to rebuild the economy of Europe. The plan was to build factories and put people back to work.
15) ____________ lost support among his constituents (voters) and the Senate denounced him.
McCarthy McCarthy's investigations created much controversy. Although there may well have been communist infiltration into many government departments, there were no indisputable facts; consequently, McCarthy lost support among his constituents (voters). In December 1954, the Senate denounced McCarthy.
16) President Truman was from the state of ___.
Missouri With Franklin D. Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, Harry S. Truman succeeded one of the most popular men ever to inhabit the White House. He also came to office as President at one of the most critical moments in U.S. history. Harry S. Truman proved to be up to the challenge. Born in 1884 in Missouri, Truman had been a soldier in World War I. He had served as a judge. He had been elected to office, then finally to the Senate in 1934.
14) Select the three results of the growth of the tourist and vacation industry.
Motels were built by the thousands, particularly as the interstate highway was built. National parks saw new record crowds as people went for a drive in their new automobiles. The fast food industry grew, with thousands of restaurants built every few years.
Which organization was instrumental in overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People filed lawsuits that would eventually overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling. Plessy v. Ferguson had ruled that "separate but equal" laws and facilities were not unconstitutional. The head of the legal team, Thurgood Marshall, would argue that having separate schools for black students did irreparable mental harm to the children.
10) Hermann Goering was the leading spokesman for the defendants. He testified for hours during a ten-day period, telling the ________ point of view. Goering committed suicide the night before the hangings.
Nazi
1) As World War II came to a close, the Allied nations were concerned that the regime be held to account for its in Europe and, especially, its crimes against .
Nazi agressions humanity
10) The headquarters of the United Nations is in _________.
New York City John D. Rockefeller donated 8.5 million dollars so that land could be purchased for the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City. The headquarters remain in New York City today.
The United Nation's headquarters are in ________.
New York City John D. Rockefeller donated 8.5 million dollars so that land could be purchased for the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City. The headquarters remain in New York City today.
1) The _______ (NATO) is committed to the protection of territory, political independence, and security of member nations should a threat occur.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization With the continuing threat of communist expansion in Europe and Asia, the United States, Canada, and several other Western European countries signed a defense agreement in 1949 called the North Atlantic Treaty. The agreement formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and committed the members to the protection of territory, political independence, and security of member nations should a threat occur.
Which statement best explains why the Allies selected Nuremberg as the site for war crime trials after World War II?
Nuremberg was home to the Nazi Party and the anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws.
15) Select the three reasons the IMT was held in Nuremberg.
Nuremberg was the home of the Nazi Party movement. Hateful laws aimed at Jews, the Nuremberg Laws, were created in the city. The trial took advantage of the undamaged Palace of Justice, adjacent to a maximum security prison.
The Cadet _______ Corps trained 125,000 women for service.
Nurse
6) The of Information provided information to the people at home, to the troops in the field, and even to the public in enemy territories.
Office War
The ___ provided information to the people at home, to the troops in the field, and even to the public in enemy territories.
Office of War Information
3) In 1942, the , America's largest black newspaper, created a campaign to get this message across. They called the campaign "."
Pittsburgh Courier Double V
8) Which nation did NOT sign the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949?
Poland NATO is between United States Canada France
1) By 1946, ________, _________, __________, and ___________ had been brought under Soviet domination.
Poland Yugoslavia Hungary Romania By 1946, Poland, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Romania had been brought under Soviet domination. With that domination, opposition groups were either killed or imprisoned and freedoms of speech, religion, and the press were eliminated. Soviet Communism was showing itself to be brutal and tyrannical, causing Winston Churchill to proclaim that Eastern Europe was now behind an "iron curtain." The iron curtain of brutal control had dropped between Eastern and Western Europe.
President Truman met Allied leaders in _________, Germany, for a conference.
Postdam In Potsdam, Germany (just outside Berlin), the meeting of the three Allied leaders was a success. Financial matters regarding Germany were discussed and decided upon, and some of Germany's manufacturing equipment and war matériel were granted to the Soviet Union to help offset their financial losses. This meeting was also important because the prosecution of war criminals was discussed, leading to the Nuremberg Trials.
3) President Truman met Allied leaders in __________, Germany, for a conference.
Potsdam In Potsdam, Germany (just outside Berlin), the meeting of the three Allied leaders was a success. Financial matters regarding Germany were discussed and decided upon, and some of Germany's manufacturing equipment and war matériel were granted to the Soviet Union to help offset their financial losses. This meeting was also important because the prosecution of war criminals was discussed, leading to the Nuremberg Trials.
13) The _______ Act determines who becomes President if the office becomes vacant.
Presidential Succession Truman proposed to Congress a line of succession. If the office of President became vacant, the Vice President would assume the office, followed by the Speaker of the House, followed by the president pro tempore of the Senate. This suggestion was implemented by Congress when it passed the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
Select which statement(s) was a goal of the countries forming the United Nations. Select all that apply.
Provide a forum in which to solve problems and preserve peace. Help smaller nations work towards democracy and independence.
8) ________ in Washington, D.C., and other major cities began to end their practice of discriminating against black customers.
Restaurants
Which factor was not present in keeping factories at full capacity after World War II? increased production of consumer items such as automobiles and appliances military production due to the Korean War government regulation requiring factories to produce certain items military production due to the Cold War -NO-
Review the Factory Output section in Lesson 9.
Which statement does NOT describe a Soviet Union motive in dealings with eastern European an The Soviets sought to expand communism throughout the world. The Soviet Union's lack of natural resources made expansion necessary. The Soviets desired control over countries with warm-water ports for easy access to the ocean. -NO- The Soviet Union desired to increase its influence by surrounding itself with satellite nations.
Review the motives of the Soviet Union in eastern Europe and Asia in Lesson 7.
5) Justice _______________ of the Supreme Court represented the United States at the IMT.
Robert H. Jackson The U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union each contributed two judges to the court. One would serve as judge, the other would be available as an alternate. Each nation also provided a chief prosecutor. The United States sent Justice Robert H. Jackson of the Supreme Court. Most of the defense counselors were from Germany.
9) Julius and Ethel _________ were executed as communist spies guilty of conspiracy in 1953.
Rosenberg
The _________ Council is the most powerful United Nation's council.
Security The Security Council is the most important of the councils of the United Nations (UN). It determines the actions the UN takes on any matter regarding disputes between nations. The Security Council is formed of the five permanent members—Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union (currently held by Russia), and China—and ten other members. The five permanent members have the power to veto any action taken by the Security Council.
10) Select two positive results of the Korean War.
South Korea was able to create a stable democratic government and become a profitable nation. Japan and Taiwan were freed from the danger of occupation or political domination by the communists of China and Russia.
7) Churchill and FDR did not trust the _______, but they wanted them in the United Nations so that a dialogue could be maintained.
Soviet Union At the Tehran Conference, President Roosevelt worked hard to convince Joseph Stalin to bring the Soviet Union into the charter of the United Nations. Neither Churchill nor FDR really trusted the Soviets or Stalin, but they wanted them in the United Nations so that a dialogue could be maintained—and so that they could keep an eye on them. By 1945 at the Yalta Conference, Stalin was ready to join.
4) One negative point that arose at Potsdam concerned the handling of occupied territories that had come under the control of the __________.
Soviet Union The handling of occupied territories that had come under the control of the Soviet Union was an important discussion at Potsdam. These nations were supposed to have free elections to set up democratic governments after their occupation. However, the Soviet Union had installed communist governments in these areas, rendering them puppets of the Soviet Union. This would continue to be a source of disagreement and hostility between the democratic governments of the world and the Soviet Union.
18) "_______" is likely President Truman's best-remembered slogan.
The Buck Stops Here
6) In the early 1950s, the for the of filed several lawsuits that would eventually overturn the 1896 v. Supreme Court ruling.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People filed lawsuits that would eventually overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling. Plessy v. Ferguson had ruled that "separate but equal" laws and facilities were not unconstitutional. The head of the legal team, Thurgood Marshall, would argue that having separate schools for black students did irreparable mental harm to the children. Thurgood Marshall would become the first African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Which statement best describes the Soviet Union's motives in dealing with eastern European and Asian countries?
The Soviet Union sought to surround itself with satellite nations and expand communism throughout the world.
17) Select the three motives of the Soviet Union in eastern Europe and in Asia.
The Soviet Union wanted to gain new territory for expansion of communism throughout the world. The Soviet Union desired to increase its influence by surrounding itself with satellite nations that could prove beneficial for military and economic gain. The Soviet Union wanted to gain access to build bases on warm-water ports (ports that do not freeze over in the winter) for easy access to the ocean.
Jackie Robinson
The __________ Security Act allowed for close surveillance of the Communist Party in the United States.
What did the Twenty-second Amendment accomplish?
The amendment limited U.S. presidents to two terms.
17) Select the two important issues discussed at the Yalta Conference.
The leaders discussed the prosecution of war crimes by the Germans. The leaders discussed whether the Soviet Union would participate in the United Nations.
18) What was the Office of War Information's message to American troops?
The people at home are doing everything they can to help you.
19) Select the three results of the Potsdam Conference.
The prosecution of war crimes was discussed, leading to the Nuremberg Trials. The Soviet Union was given German manufacturing equipment and war matériel as a result of financial discussions. Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan.
12) What implication did the overturn of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling have for public schools?
The rulings paved the way for the desegregation of schools.
21) Select the two movie studio contributions to the war effort.
The troops were shown movies that helped to keep up their morale. The studios kept people interested in the fronts and provided positive portrayals of people sacrificing for the war effort.
1) Select the two goals of the Allies that led to formation of the United Nations.
They believed that peace could only be preserved by working together. The Allies wanted to help smaller nations work towards independence and democracy.
Which statement was NOT a way film studios contributed to the war effort? They distributed films to troops to bolster morale. They showed newsreels in theaters in order to keep the public informed concerning the progress of the war. They created films showing Americans making positive contributions to the war effort. They reduced ticket prices in order to help Americans cope with rationing.
They reduced ticket prices in order to help Americans cope with rationing.
7) _________ would become the first African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Thurgood Marshall The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People filed lawsuits that would eventually overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling. Plessy v. Ferguson had ruled that "separate but equal" laws and facilities were not unconstitutional. The head of the legal team, Thurgood Marshall, would argue that having separate schools for black students did irreparable mental harm to the children. Thurgood Marshall would become the first African-American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
After the war, Eleanor worked to see that black veterans received their benefits and recognition for their efforts.
True
Eleanor made personal appearances in some areas hit hardest by the Great Depression, trying to encourage the people.
True
Harry Truman called Eleanor "The First Lady of the World."
True
Mrs. Roosevelt resolved to use her position as First Lady to make a difference in the nation.
True
Mrs. Roosevelt was appointed as a delegate to the United Nations.
True
Mrs. Roosevelt was instrumental in helping FDR continue his political career after he fell victim to polio.
True
"The Buck Stops Here" was __________'s most popular slogan.
Truman
9) The ________ was the idea of using any nonmilitary means to stop the spread of communism.
Truman Doctrine Truman came to the conclusion that he would have to get European nations back on their feet so that they could have free elections and be free of the pressure being placed on them by communism. He believed that the surest way to stop communism was to support capitalism in threatened nations. Truman asked Congress to appropriate money for the rebuilding of these struggling nations of Europe. This idea of investing money in the rebuilding of nations as a tool, and the use of any other nonmilitary means to stop the spread of communism, became known as the Truman Doctrine.
The __________________ was a policy of using any nonmilitary means to prevent the spread of communism.
Truman Doctrine Truman came to the conclusion that he would have to get European nations back on their feet so that they could have free elections and be free of the pressure being placed on them by communism. He believed that the surest way to stop communism was to support capitalism in threatened nations. Truman asked Congress to appropriate money for the rebuilding of these struggling nations of Europe. This idea of investing money in the rebuilding of nations as a tool, and the use of any other nonmilitary means to stop the spread of communism, became known as the Truman Doctrine.
9) Why did President Truman recall General MacArthur?
Truman desired peace in Korea, not a complete victory over China in a prolonged war. General MacArthur was sure the action would force the Communist Chinese to retreat. General MacArthur believed he would have to defeat the Chinese completely in order to achieve victory in the war. The Truman administration opposed General MacArthur's plan because it desired peace in Korea, not a complete victory over China in a prolonged war. President Truman called General MacArthur back to the states.
20) Select the two goals of Truman's Fair Deal.
Truman wanted to prevent the communists from pointing to the United States as a failed capitalist system so that they could justify pushing communism on eastern European nations. Truman wanted to prevent a post-war recession.
4) The ________ were a group of African-American pilots who were allowed to fight in both North Africa and Europe.
Tuskegee Airmen Some special units were allowed to participate in combat roles. The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African-American pilots who were allowed to fight in both North Africa and Europe. The Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team was a highly successful combat regiment that fought in Europe.
9) The ____________ has become an agency that works toward the improvement of the lives of the people of the world.
United Nations The United Nations has used its influence to ensure that nations respect human rights. This is a broadening of its original intent, but it has become an important part of helping developing nations establish democracy. The UN has also helped some nations build modern economies and reach prosperity. These developments have impacted people all over the world.
10) Select what the two "Vs" of the Double V sign symbolized. Select all that apply.
V for Victory against the Axis Powers abroad V for Victory over prejudice at home
21) In order, select the first three people in line to presidency according to the Presidential Succession Act.
Vice President Speaker of the House president pro tempore of the Senate Truman proposed to Congress a line of succession. If the office of President became vacant, the Vice President would assume the office, followed by the Speaker of the House, followed by the president pro tempore of the Senate. This suggestion was implemented by Congress when it passed the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
5) "V" stood for __________, and this theme was evident everywhere.
Victory
___ were women who ferried military planes, freeing men for combat duty.
WASPs One of the interesting groups to serve during the war was called the WASPs, or Women Airforce Service Pilots. These women were civilian pilots who served stateside to ferry airplanes from one location to another, freeing men for war duty. These women flew every type of airplane in service, including bombers and fighters. A total of 1,074 women passed the WASP training program and served during World War II.
Future President Ronald Reagan and ___ were two celebrities who joined the fight against communism.
Walt Disney
The ________ Pact was formed in 1955 by communist countries.
Warsaw
2) Russia established an alliance of communist nations in 1955 called the __________.
Warsaw Pact
5) A democratic government was established in ___________ Germany, supported by the Allies.
West The Soviet Union established a government for East Germany and surrounded and cut off East Berlin from the West. A democratic government was established in West Germany, supported by the Allies. This division of Germany remained in place until 1990.
A democratic government, supported by the Allies, was established in _________ Germany.
West The Soviet Union established a government for East Germany and surrounded and cut off East Berlin from the West. A democratic government was established in West Germany, supported by the Allies. This division of Germany remained in place until 1990.
6) The explosion of communist ideology in the Soviet Union and its spread into Eastern Europe aroused anxiety and concern for ___________ Europe and the United States.
Western
8) A self-confessed communist agent, , testified that senior State Department official sent classified documents which ultimately helped the Soviet Union develop its first atomic bomb.
Whittaker Chambers Alger Hiss Alger Hiss, a senior State Department official, was accused in 1948 by a self-confessed communist agent, Whittaker Chambers, who had renounced communism. Chambers testified that Hiss sent classified documents that ultimately helped the Soviet Union develop its first atomic bomb. Hiss was indicted for espionage.
17) Which leader was NOT present at the Potsdam Conference?
Winston Churchill
12) WASP stands for ______.
Women Airforce Service Pilots One of the interesting groups to serve during the war was called the WASPs, or Women Airforce Service Pilots. These women were civilian pilots who served stateside to ferry airplanes from one location to another, freeing men for war duty. These women flew every type of airplane in service, including bombers and fighters. A total of 1,074 women passed the WASP training program and served during World War II.
The _______ Conference considered prosecution of war crimes by Germans and whether the Soviet Union would participate in the newly forming United Nations.
Yalta
19) What was the Office of War Information's message to people in enemy territory?
You should quit, because the Americans are coming, and you will be defeated, but we do not want to harm you.
Put P if the Nazi criminal was Present at the Nuremberg Trials, or A for Absent.
a Heinrich Himmler p Rudolph Hess a Joseph Goebbels a Adolf Hitler p Hermann Goering
The use of ___ were indispensable to waging war in the Pacific Theater.
aircraft carriers Naval vessels were of several different types, from small landing craft to huge aircraft carriers. Carriers were indispensable in the wide Pacific Theater. In the Atlantic, smaller destroyers and corvettes combated German U-boats. Each of these ships or boats made up an important part of the navy's strategic plan.
12) Although the threat of further use of _________ weapons has remained high for more than sixty years, no nation has chosen to use them since the time they were first detonated during World War II.
atomic
___ were first used in World War II.
atomic weapons
9) Planes advanced from wooden and canvas to 300-mph with machine guns and light bombs.
biplanes fighters
The surge in births after World War II is called the "baby ________."
boom
7) Aircraft were indispensable in the wide Pacific Theater. In the Atlantic, smaller and corvettes combated German .
carriers destroyers U-boats Naval vessels were of several different types, from small landing craft to huge aircraft carriers. Carriers were indispensable in the wide Pacific Theater. In the Atlantic, smaller destroyers and corvettes combated German U-boats. Each of these ships or boats made up an important part of the navy's strategic plan.
2) American attitudes toward blacks definitely improved after the war, and many people were persuaded that the time had come for ___________.
change Though segregation still existed in much of the United States, most Americans recognized the importance of the role minorities played in winning World War II. African Americans had filled the need for labor in factories, in public works projects, and in agriculture. Black soldiers, sailors, and airmen had served honorably and effectively in critical situations. Attitudes of white Americans toward black Americans definitely improved after the war. This persuaded many people to believe a time for change had come.
7) The period was marked by , which could be seen in the growth of centers, malls, and miles of dealers stretched out along the highway.
consumerism shopping auto
Mao Tse-Tung
defeated nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek and installed a communist government in China
6) President Truman needed to negotiate the of Germany and the of the American economy.
demilitarization demobilization President Roosevelt had managed the war; President Truman faced the challenge of managing the transition to peace. He would need to negotiate the demilitarization of Germany, and the demobilization of the American economy.
South Korea established a ______ government.
democratic Two separate governments were established with the 38th parallel of latitude being the boundary. South Korea established a democratic government, but North Korea established a Soviet-style communist regime on September 9, 1948. Shortly after Soviet and American troops were withdrawn from their respective regions, tensions between North and South Korea intensified.
10) Select four reasons agricultural production increased during the 1950s.
developments in agricultural equipment irrigation systems pesticides chemical fertilizers
The 1950s witnessed a(n) ___________ boom in America that was completely without precedent.
economic The 1950s were marked by a surging economy and an incredible production output. The work force was energized, and consumers were ready to buy. For a short period immediately after the war, customer demand caused production shortages, followed by a boom in the economy.
5) Many industries had been tightly regulated, or controlled, during the war years. When these regulations ended, factories were able to adjust to the new ______________.
economy
1) The 1950s were marked by a surging and incredible output.
economy production The 1950s were marked by a surging economy and an incredible production output. The work force was energized, and consumers were ready to buy. For a short period immediately after the war, customer demand caused production shortages, followed by a boom in the economy.
12) The Security Council has a total of _________ member nations.
fifteen The Security Council is the most important of the councils of the United Nations (UN). It determines the actions the UN takes on any matter regarding disputes between nations. The Security Council is formed of the five permanent members—Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union (currently held by Russia), and China—and ten other members. The five permanent members have the power to veto any action taken by the Security Council.
Twelve of the guilty Nuremberg defendants were sentenced to death by _____________.
hanging
German Prisoner of War Camps
held captured soldiers from other nations The German prisoner of war camps held captured soldiers from other nations. Captured soldiers were generally treated well. In contrast, millions died or were murdered in detention and extermination camps. Thousands of others endured inhumane treatment.
6) The 1950s saw an economic boom that was completely without precedent in the nation. This was evident in the level of consumer spending on items such as _______, _______, and _______.
houses education automobiles The 1950s saw an economic boom that was completely without precedent in the nation. This was evident in the level of consumer spending on items such as automobiles, houses, and education. The period was marked by consumerism, which could be seen in the growth of shopping centers, malls, and miles of auto dealers stretched out along the highway. The credit card system was invented and many stores offered revolving charge accounts.
The Allied nations were concerned that Nazi leaders be held responsible for their Crimes against ______.
humanity
13) The Trials established the idea that war crimes are committed by __________, not committees or other collectives, and that individuals will be held responsible for their actions.
individuals
The Nuremberg Trials affirmed that ___________ will be held responsible for committing war crimes.
individuals
2) Winston Churchill proclaimed that communist oppression placed Eastern Europe behind a(n) _________.
iron curtain By 1946, Poland, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Romania had been brought under Soviet domination. With that domination, opposition groups were either killed or imprisoned and freedoms of speech, religion, and the press were eliminated. Soviet Communism was showing itself to be brutal and tyrannical, causing Winston Churchill to proclaim that Eastern Europe was now behind an "iron curtain." The iron curtain of brutal control had dropped between Eastern and Western Europe.
9) Mountains—literally __________ of pages—of documents were entered as evidence during the trials.
millions
Detention and Extermination Camps
millions died or were murdered The German prisoner of war camps held captured soldiers from other nations. Captured soldiers were generally treated well. In contrast, millions died or were murdered in detention and extermination camps. Thousands of others endured inhumane treatment.
6) While ____________ were proving they could fight exceptionally well, they still faced racism and discrimination at their training facilities.
minorities While minorities were proving they could fight exceptionally well, they still faced racism and discrimination at their training facilities. They handled themselves well in the face of this mistreatment, wanting only to serve their country. Many minority soldiers, airmen, and sailors received awards for heroism for their war efforts. Unfortunately, many of these men had to wait as long as forty years before the military and the federal government officially rewarded their valor.
7) Many __________ soldiers, airmen, and sailors received awards for heroism for their war efforts.
minority While minorities were proving they could fight exceptionally well, they still faced racism and discrimination at their training facilities. They handled themselves well in the face of this mistreatment, wanting only to serve their country. Many minority soldiers, airmen, and sailors received awards for heroism for their war efforts. Unfortunately, many of these men had to wait as long as forty years before the military and the federal government officially rewarded their valor.
9) attendance soared and movie theaters became a fad during this time period.
movie drive-in The entertainment industry benefited from the new phenomenon of people with money in their pockets. Despite questions about communist influences, movie attendance soared and drive-in movie theaters became a fad. In Hollywood, the leading men and ladies of the movies became huge stars during this period.
11) of the defendants were found guilty; were acquitted; twelve were sentenced to by hanging, and the other seven were given sentences.
nineteen three death prison The final statements by the prosecution and the defense were made in July 1946. On September 1, the court adjourned to consider the verdicts. The individual sentences were read in court on October 1. Nineteen of the defendants were found guilty; three were acquitted, and one was declared medically unfit for trial. Twelve of the guilty were sentenced to death, and the other seven were given prison sentences.
3) The Allies believed that only by working together in the future could _______ be assured.
peace
The Allies believed formation of the United Nations was important to preserve _________ in the future.
peace
6) Hostilities in Korea ended in July 1953 with no _______ ever established.
peace treaty In November 1952, Dwight Eisenhower was elected President and traveled to Korea to find a way to end the war. With all sides weary of war, negotiations finally resulted in reestablishing the 38th parallel as the border separating North and South Korea. Hostilities ended in July 1953 with no peace treaty ever established.
Double V signs signified V for Victory against the Axis Powers abroad and V for Victory over ___ at home.
prejudice
The ___ is third in line to the Presidency according to the Presidential Succession Act.
president pro tempore of the Senate Truman proposed to Congress a line of succession. If the office of President became vacant, the Vice President would assume the office, followed by the Speaker of the House, followed by the president pro tempore of the Senate. This suggestion was implemented by Congress when it passed the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
Which statement does NOT reflect a challenge faced by President Truman's administration? the need to negotiate the demilitarization of Germany demobilizing the American economy without entering a post-war recession preventing the spread of communism in Europe and Asia facing an election just weeks after succeeding to the Presidency
preventing the spread of communism in Europe and Asia President Roosevelt had managed the war; President Truman faced the challenge of managing the transition to peace. He would need to negotiate the demilitarization of Germany, the demobilization of the American economy, and the spread of communism in Europe and Asia. Review the Truman Administration section for further information.
Douglas MacArthur
recalled from Korea by the President because he wanted to fight and defeat China directly
World War II positively changed American attitudes concerning _________ toleration.
religious
10) A change in the American culture that was a result of World War II was an increase in _________.
religious toleration
Clement Atlee
replaced Winston Churchill as Great Britain's Prime Minister
12) The inflation cycle that continued throughout the 1950s can be described as an increase in a demand of goods, which causes the prices to . As prices rose, employees pay increases. These pay increases were paid for by raising prices.
rise demanded The government was dealing with a new economy, one in which inflation rates were rising steadily. As there was a demand for goods, the prices rose. As prices rose, employees demanded pay increases. These were paid for by raising prices. This cycle continued throughout the 1950s.
The introduction of ___ led to the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons.
rockets
11) The introduction of __________ led to the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons.
rockets World War II brought the need for striking targets at great distances. One of the solutions to this need was the development of rockets. By the end of the war, Germany was striking targets in Great Britain with the V1 and V2 rockets, and Great Britain, the United States, and Japan were all working on rocket systems. This development would become very important during the Cold War, with the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons.
3) Children organized and participated in _________ drives to collect used iron, steel, brass, aluminum, and rubber for the war effort.
scrap The nation displayed its patriotism in its willingness to support the government and the military. People worked hard at their jobs, producing war materials. Women took factory jobs and did hard manual labor to turn out artillery and ammunition. Children organized and participated in scrap drives to collect iron, steel, brass, aluminum, and rubber. Families planted Victory Gardens in their yards, growing food for their families so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees.
American children participated in _________ drives to collect used materials for the war effort.
scrap The nation displayed its patriotism in its willingness to support the government and the military. People worked hard at their jobs, producing war materials. Women took factory jobs and did hard manual labor to turn out artillery and ammunition. Children organized and participated in scrap drives to collect iron, steel, brass, aluminum, and rubber. Families planted Victory Gardens in their yards, growing food for their families so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees.
11) The __________ Council is the most powerful United Nation's council.
security The Security Council is the most important of the councils of the United Nations (UN). It determines the actions the UN takes on any matter regarding disputes between nations. The Security Council is formed of the five permanent members—Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union (currently held by Russia), and China—and ten other members. The five permanent members have the power to veto any action taken by the Security Council.
3) All service branches were racially _________ when World War II began.
segregated All service branches were racially segregated when World War II began. This practice continued throughout the war, with the effect that African-Americans and Asian-Americans were placed in units of their own. These minority soldiers and sailors rarely were allowed to fight on the front lines.
All U.S. military units were __________ at the outbreak of World War II.
segregated All service branches were racially segregated when World War II began. This practice continued throughout the war, with the effect that African-Americans and Asian-Americans were placed in units of their own. These minority soldiers and sailors rarely were allowed to fight on the front lines.
Executive Order 9981 eliminated ________ in the military.
segregation
1) Though still existed in much of the United States, most Americans recognized the importance of the role played in winning World War II.
segregation minorities Though segregation still existed in much of the United States, most Americans recognized the importance of the role minorities played in winning World War II. African Americans had filled the need for labor in factories, in public works projects, and in agriculture. Black soldiers, sailors, and airmen had served honorably and effectively in critical situations. Attitudes of white Americans toward black Americans definitely improved after the war. This persuaded many people to believe a time for change had come.
10) With _______ and ________, planes and ships could fight effectively without visually sighting the enemy.
sonar radar
4) As families grew, couples desired a home outside the confines of the city. Many moved to the ______.
suburbs
Harry S. Truman
succeeded one of the most popular U.S. presidents
14) McCarthy's investigations uncovered very activities, but none could be proven beyond a doubt.
suspicious reasonable One of the more famous incidents regarding accusations of communist infiltration within the U.S. government involved Senator Joseph McCarthy. In February 1950, McCarthy charged that the State Department had been infiltrated by large numbers of communist agents. From 1951 until 1954, Senator McCarthy conducted investigations. McCarthy's investigations uncovered very suspicious activities, but none could be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
8) Every nation involved in World War II depended upon ___________ and other armored vehicles for a variety of purposes.
tanks Tanks are perhaps the most characteristic weapon of World War II. Every nation involved in World War II depended upon tanks and other armored vehicles for a variety of purposes: crossing trenches, infantry support, anti-aircraft, mine sweeping, vehicle recovery, troop transport, and direct tank combat. Tanks varied in weight, size, length, armor, and firepower, depending upon their purpose.
13) Select the three actions by the U.S. government that led to deficit spending.
tax cuts continuing to spend money on the military lending money to the Allied nations of Europe
20) Select the six ways the OWI got their message across.
television direct mail posters movies newsreels radio
Better known as ___, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 provided military veterans with money to attend college.
the GI Bill
7) All the Nazi defendants faced ______________, should they be found guilty.
the death penalty
8) One aspect of the 1950s that truly reflected economic prosperity was the growth of the ______ and ______ industry.
tourist vacation The growth of the tourist and vacation industries in the 1950s truly reflected economic prosperity. Motels were built by the thousands, particularly as the interstate highway was built. National parks saw new record crowds as people went for a drive in their new automobiles. The growth of the fast food industry was staggering, with thousands of new restaurants being built in just a few years.
15) Select the four inventions that were a sign that economic times were good.
toys the laser the microwave oven color television
The growth of the ___ industry reflected the economic prosperity of the 1950s.
travel and tourism
12) Congress proposed and passed the Amendment to the Constitution, creating a(n) limit for the Presidency.
twenty-second two-term
American families planted _________ Gardens so more produce could be sent to troops and refugees.
victory Families planted Victory Gardens in their yards, growing food for their families so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees. These 50 million Victory Gardens produced more food than all the commercial farms in America. Families did not waste food, and food was carefully rationed. Citizens agreed to rationing and cut back on luxury items and sweets. They walked instead of driving their cars. The war was won by the men and women fighting on the front, but their effort was made possible by the enthusiastic support they received from the people back home.
4) Americans planted ________ in their yards, growing food for their families, so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees.
victory gardens Families planted Victory Gardens in their yards, growing food for their families so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees. These 50 million Victory Gardens produced more food than all the commercial farms in America. Families did not waste food, and food was carefully rationed. Citizens agreed to rationing and cut back on luxury items and sweets. They walked instead of driving their cars. The war was won by the men and women fighting on the front, but their effort was made possible by the enthusiastic support they received from the people back home.
5) President Roosevelt had managed the ; President Truman faced the challenge of managing the transition to .
war peace President Roosevelt had managed the war; President Truman faced the challenge of managing the transition to peace. He would need to negotiate the demilitarization of Germany, and the demobilization of the American economy.
2) American __________ took factory jobs and did hard manual labor to turn out artillery and ammunition.
women The nation displayed its patriotism in its willingness to support the government and the military. People worked hard at their jobs, producing war materials. Women took factory jobs and did hard manual labor to turn out artillery and ammunition. Children organized and participated in scrap drives to collect iron, steel, brass, aluminum, and rubber. Families planted Victory Gardens in their yards, growing food for their families so that commercial produce could be sent overseas for the military and for refugees.
1) By the end of the war (1945), more than 19,000,000 ___________ were working, accounting for more than 29% of the total work force.
women The role of women in society shifted greatly during World War II. Even though many women continued with their traditional roles as wife and mother, many chose to enter the work force. A shortage of men for traditional "men only" jobs allowed women new opportunities. By the end of the war (1945), more than 19,000,000 women were working, accounting for more than 29% of the total work force.
