US Women's History MC: Test 2

What was a central principle pf "maternalism", a term coined by recent historians to refer to the Progressive-era justification for women's programs? a. Motherhood should exist in a private sphere, separate from both men and politics b. Motherhood was a job unto itself, and mothers should be represented by a union c. Working-class women lacked the proper financial resources to be mothers d. Society needed to protect motherhood for the good of the nation

d. Society needed to protect motherhood for the good of the nation

What movement proved to be the seedbed for the resurgence of feminism in the late 1960s? a. The ERA Movement b. The antiwar movement c. The union movement d. The Civil Rights Movement

d. The Civil Rights Movement

What was one reason for the "baby boom" of the postwar era? a. an increase in and greater acceptance of illegitimate births b. War brides' expectations for very large families c. Rising divorce rates and growing number of stepchildren d. Rising marriage rates and falling marriage ages

d. Rising marriage rates and falling marriage ages

What traditional Native American practice did the Apache woman Lozen exemplify? a. Allowing exceptional individuals to cross the gender divide b. Letting wives of military leaders onto the battlefield c. Giving women a prominent role in healing d. Letting women handle diplomatic tasks

a. Allowing exceptional individuals to cross the gender divide

The first targets of U. S anti-immigration legislation were a. Chinese women b. Italian families c. Jewish refugees d. Mexican migrant workers

a. Chinese women

How did World War II affect the lives of Chinese women in America? a. Jobs in the defense industry offered significant economic improvements over the work they had traditionally done. b. Chinese women found themselves facing the same persecution and discrimination that Japanese women endured. c. Many Chinese women left the United States to return to China and help in the war effort against Japan. d. Chinese women endured closer scrutiny and were often asked to produce proof of legal status.

a. Jobs in the defense industry offered significant economic improvements over the work they had traditionally done.

In addition to male employment rates, what other rate dropped during the Great Depression? a. The fertility rate b. High school graduation rates for girls c. Enlistment in the military d. Desertion rates of husbands

a. The fertility rate

Why did campaigns against Native American tribes in the West intensify after 1865? a. The tribes formed a powerful confederation to resist white settlement. b. The U. S. army had been released from the military campaigns of the Civil War. c. President Andrew Johnson vowed to subdue the tribes. d. Wounded Knee drastically reduced Indian resistance and paved the way for final victory.

a. The tribes formed a powerful confederation to resist white settlement.

What two major realities did 1950s Americans culture try to balance? a. Unprecedented prosperity and feeling of insecurity b. Communist subversion and military inferiority c. Growing religious skepticism and sexual inhibition d. Shrinking industrial capacity and decreasing family size

a. Unprecedented prosperity and feeling of insecurity

How did clerical work change as more women moved into the occupation? a. While this work was increasingly open to women, it ceased being an avenue for upward mobility b. The technological advancements in office work gave male mangers a rationale to replace women with young men c. Office work moved from being a low-paid occupation to a higher-paid avenue for professional advancement d. Women preferred domestic work to office work because they were accustomed to the tasks involved

a. While this work was increasingly open to women, it ceased being an avenue for upward mobility

An extremely organized and politicized manifestation of cutting-edge feminism in the Progressive era was the struggle for a. birth control b. woman suffrage c. female sexual gratification d. protective labor laws

a. birth control

The 1867 organization of the National Grange changed women's lives by a. offering leadership roles to women when they were recruited as officers. b. taking the men away from the farm, leaving women to run operations. c. taking a positive position on birth control to ease farm women's child care burden. d. encouraging women to work as clerks in railroad offices.

a. offering leadership roles to women when they were recruited as officers.

Wage-earning women supported the woman suffrage movement because they were promised that the vote would a. raise women's wages b. guarantee access to birth control c. secure passage of a prohibition amendment d. secure an end to child labor

a. raise women's wages

During World War II, women became the objects of a massive propaganda campaign to urge them to a. work in the defense industry and other sectors of the economy b. serve as nurses and doctors in the military c. return to their homes to the care of their families d. buy only domestically produced goods

a. work in the defense industry and other sectors of the economy

How did the Cold War affect ideas about American women's domestic roles? a. It undermined respect for homemakers. b. It promoted a revised cult of domesticity. c. It encouraged women to join the military. d. It boosted women's sexual freedom.

b. It promoted a revised cult of domesticity.

What nonpartisan organization was formed in 1920 with an overall mission of training women to be good citizens? a. National Woman's Party b. League of Women Voters c. Progressive Party d. Woman's Joint Congressional Committee

b. League of Women Voters

How were black nurses treated differently than white nurses during World War II? a. They were not allowed to travel overseas. b. They were often assigned menial, unskilled tasks. c. They were prohibited from serving in the army until 1944. d. They were always assigned to the night shift

b. They were often assigned menial, unskilled tasks.

Why were women the backbone of the Montgomery bus boycott? a. The Montgomery Improvement Association, which led the boycott, was predominately a women's organization. b. Women, more than men, depended on public transportation to travel to their jobs. c. African American men disapproved of Rosa Parks's confrontational approach. d. Women were put in the forefront because white men were less likely to attack them.

b. Women, more than men, depended on public transportation to travel to their jobs.

The turning point in the Lawrence textile strike of 1912 was when a. middle-class reformers became involved with the struggle, activating public sympathy b. children were beaten by police, which drew negative publicity for factor workers c. the AFL muscled out the IWW, a radical union that wanted to take over the strike d. the Italian women decided they could not strike because it was a rebellious action

b. children were beaten by police, which drew negative publicity for factor workers

The main characteristic of the Progressive era, the period from the later 1890s through World War I, was a. decreased government regulation b. intense reform activism c. race and class harmony d. public distrust of federal leadership

b. intense reform activism

Jane Addams was significant because she was a a. labor leader who organized garment workers b. prominent leader in the settlement house movement c. major leader of the Populists in the West d. crusader against lynching of American Americans

b. prominent leader in the settlement house movement

As the supreme court decision Muller v. Oregon (1908) showed, women's protective labor laws conflicted with a. legal recognition of men's rights as fathers b. the assertion of equal political rights for women and men c. social and cultural attitudes toward motherhood d. the capitalist idea of freedom of contract and upward mobility

b. the assertion of equal political rights for women and men

The predominantly new female profession of social work evolved from a. universities marketing campaign to raise enrollment for women b. the desire of settlement house volunteers to apply new social science methods to benevolent work c. new requirements in charities that women worker be professionally trained d. the chronic sexism that denied women admission into medical schools

b. the desire of settlement house volunteers to apply new social science methods to benevolent work

For what problem did Casey Hayden and Mary King criticize SNCC in their discussion paper? a. Moving too slowly to end segregation in the South b. Allowing white students to participate in Freedom Summer c. Denying women equal participation in decision making d. Failing to fight violence with violence

c. Denying women equal participation in decision making

What was Betty Friedan referring to when she wrote about "the problem that has no name" in The Feminine Mystique? a. Women's growing sexual frustration in the wake of the baby boom b. Sharply declining rates of female college attendance following World War II c. Female disillusionment with societal restrictions and traditional roles d. American society's refusal to acknowledge domestic abuse

c. Female disillusionment with societal restrictions and traditional roles

How did the Dawes Severalty Act affect Native women? a. It taught women to be more self-sufficient by putting them in charge of agriculture on the reservation. b. It raised Native women's status on the reservation by legally recognizing their role as spiritual leaders. c. It created a land allotment program, which increased the dependency of Native women on men. d. It designated women as the heads of households to offset Native men's loss of self-worth.

c. It created a land allotment program, which increased the dependency of Native women on men.

What did the Daughters of Bilitis defend? a. Voting rights b. Civil rights c. Lesbian rights d. Immigrant rights

c. Lesbian rights

What issue did the National Woman's Party (NWP) focus on after the woman suffrage amendment was ratified? a. Extending suffrage in the South b. Antilynching laws c. Passage of an Equal Rights Amendment d. Passage of new protective labor laws

c. Passage of an Equal Rights Amendment

What did the Supreme Court rule in the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)? a. Plessy v. Ferguson should be upheld. b. States could enforce "separate but equal" as they wished. c. Segregated schools were unconstitutional. d. Linda Brown had the right to teach white students.

c. Segregated schools were unconstitutional.

Frances Perkins a. led women strikers at the General Motor Plant b. Was a leader of the Socialist Party c. Served as US Secretary of Labor d. Wrote a book about women's role in World War II

c. Served as US Secretary of Labor

Why did support for reform movements diminish after World War I? a. The war resulted in new international organization to manage conflict and promote global prosperity. b. The positive effects of Prohibition convinced many Americans that no new reforms were needed. c. The Red Scare cast suspicion on all liberal reform initiatives as suspect and dangerous. d. Pro-business Democrats controlled the White House and Congress and opposed federal regulation.

c. The Red Scare cast suspicion on all liberal reform initiatives as suspect and dangerous.

How did a new generation of suffrage leaders try to bring the suffrage movement into conformity with the realities of urban, industrial, modern America in the early 1900s? a. They rejected soliciting the help of wealthy women, who they felt supported the conservative views of their husbands b. They sought the support of the liquor industry, which had been staunchly opposed to women's suffrage. c. They rejected the outdated term "woman suffrage" for the more modern term "votes for women". d. They placed all their focus on lobbying state legislatures to win the vote at the state level.

c. They rejected the outdated term "woman suffrage" for the more modern term "votes for women".

In the late nineteenth century, some young European women emigrated to the United States to a. participate in the gold rush taking place in the West. b. escape political persecution. c. flee overbearing fathers and arranged marriages. d. enroll in American colleges that welcomed women.

c. flee overbearing fathers and arranged marriages.

Japanese American internment during World War II led to the erosion of a. many traditional religious beliefs b. anti-Asian sentiment among American citizens c. the strong patriarchal authority of the Japanese household d. women's traditional rights in Japanese culture

c. the strong patriarchal authority of the Japanese household

President Theodore Roosevelt was concerned about middle-class women going to college or working because he was worried that a. educated women would compete with men in managerial jobs b. the strain of office work would rob women of their femininity c. they were putting their careers ahead of having babies d. women in the workplace would distract men from their work

c. they were putting their careers ahead of having babies

Ella Baker believed that she could never have a permanent leadership position in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) because she a. lacked a college education b. supported the Equal Rights Amendment c. was a woman and not a minister d. had questioned Martin Luther King's leadership

c. was a woman and not a minister

How did the women of the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA) exemplify 1950s labor activism? a. They attempted to break down sex-typing of jobs in their industry. b. The women purged their union of Communist sympathizers. c. The women limited their actions to petitioning for daycare d. They challenged racial discrimination in their industry

d. They challenged racial discrimination in their industry

How were the WASPs (Women Airforce Service Pilots) different from the other women's military agencies? a. They were the only female agency that was segregated. b. Women were only allowed to serve as nurses and clerks in this agency. c. The first black female pilot in the US military was a WASP. d. WASPs performed high-status male jobs such as serving as test pilots.

d. WASPs performed high-status male jobs such as serving as test pilots.

Social reformers Julia Lathrop and Frances Perkins opposed the ERA because they a. feared it would set back women's advancement in teaching and nursing b. preferred a more gradual and calculated entrance into the political arena c. were staunch supporters of states' rights and opposed a national amendment d. believed it would damage protective labor laws for women

d. believed it would damage protective labor laws for women

The government-run boarding schools for Native American children in the late 19th century a. tried to teach children how to maintain their Native culture b. produced no able leaders among the students who attended c. educated only boys, leaving the girls on the reservations d. forcibly educated children in the values of white American culture

d. forcibly educated children in the values of white American culture

The goal of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) was to link women workers with a. their employers b. progressive reformers c. the Socialist political agenda d. the organized labor movement

d. the organized labor movement