User Interface Final
When there are competitive products in a marketplace that offer similar functionality, which of the following is vital for product acceptance?
Well-engineered usability.
When is form fill-in a more attractive approach than menu selection?
When entering text or numeric values. Data entry of text or numeric values
If you wish to provide help support based on the context of the user's cursor location, which type of help should you implement?
Widget-based help
Assuming you Git repository has a remote called production, what command would send all local committed changes on the master branch to that remote?
git push production master
Changing the resistance felt when a user moves a pointing device is an example of__
haptic feedback
When the user is employing the search interface, the designer has the ability to allow the search to initiate explicitly or implicitly. which is more powerful?
implicit initiation
Categorize the following design considerations
interruptions (cognitive factors) social cues (cognitive factors) privacy (individual factors) identify (individual) moderation (collective factors) norms (collective) leadership (individual)
As the volume and diversity of information grows, exploring information collections become __-
more difficult
Parallel coordinate plots display___data in a single view
multi-dimensional
Identify the item below that should not be the driver of a user interface development project
operating system version
Adding technology to a presentation will only enhance the presentation
False
System success if closely coupled to the quality of the help documentation.
True
Suppose that a user study for a new interaction device revealed that coefficients for fitt's law ould be estimated as a = 1.00 second and b = 0.500 seconds. What is the expected interaction time to select a target with an index difficulty of 4?
2.16
What is the maximum amount of characters that expert users would prefer to type rather than change their input device, such as switching from keyboard to mouse?
6 to 8
Suppose you are designing a touch-screen interface for a movie-rental kiosk in a supermarket. You want to provide the ability for the user to search for a movie and then provide information on the cost. Which of the following would be the most effective way to improve search performance?
After each letter is typed in, update a browse-able list of movies whose names are consistent with the input the user has typed in so far
A visual-information seeking mantra includes:
All of the above
Which of the following methods is a valid way to increase the reliability of speech recognition?
All of the above
By presenting users with complex procedures, cluttered displays, inadequate and inconsistent functionality, and incomplete feedback, which of the following can occur among the users?
All of the above.
In order for a computer language to be effective, it should...?
All of the above.
Simulating the day in the life of the user should be a part of expert-review process. which of the following methods fulfills this goal?
Cognitive walkthrough
What is the primary difference between a command language and a menu-selection system?
Command-language users must recall notation and initiate the action
Why can designing a system for cooperation be a challenge?
Balancing the subtle questions of trust, etiquette, and potentially abusive behavior.
When should the help help-writing process begin in relation to the system's development?
Before the development begins
In the absence of empirical data, human-interface guidelines are usually based on:
Best-guess judgments from experienced professionals
Suppose you are creating a tree-structured menu to handle the grouping of over ten thousand objects. You will need to decide how many levels will exist in the tree and then how many items will exist per level. In order to deal with this depth-breadth trade-off. which one is preferred?
Breadth (more items per level, but less levels)
____ report on users in their natural environment doing real tasks and can be used to evaluate data visualizations
Case studies
Suppose you are designing a menu to list songs on an music app that has a capacity to hold thousands of songs. which of the following ways should you organize the songs to lead to shorter average response times by the user?
Categorized by artist
Sara works for a large corporation and spends a great deal of her workday at a computer terminal. Occasionally, she'll perform a series of actions and receive a confusing error message on the screen that impeded her work and prevents her from proceeding. At this point, Sara should:
Complain to the designer (in person or via online feedback) who did not provide a more convenient mechanism for completing her task.
Some designers believe that 3D interfaces will make it easier for users to learn more closely mimics the real world. Select the tasks below in which 3D representations are helpful
Computer-assisted design (CAD) Medical imagery Chemical structure modeling
The successful design of a product is usually the result of...
Copying ideas from products already established in the market
How do data visualization and scientific visualization differ?
Data visualization concerns itself with visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition
Due to the fact that users seem to prefer trial and error to learning from lengthy documentation, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw?
Design minimal documentation that encourages active involvement with hands-on experiences and animated demos.
Controlled experiments and usability tests are two different ways to test the effectiveness of a user interface. The following list of answer choices are properties of testing methods. Choose from below properties that are true of usability tests: (Select all that apply)
Designed to find flaws in user interfaces rapidly Outcome is a report with recommended changes.
Suppose you have access to a system that sells tickets for various entertainment events, such as Broadway plays and basketball games. Also, suppose this system supports natural language queries. If the user types in 'Pittsburgh', what should happen?
Determine that the query containing Pittsburgh referred to a city location, because Pittsburgh is an instance in that database.
After task analysis has been completed, the designer must choose an interaction style for the interface. which of the following is the interaction style when a designer creates a visual representation of the world of actions.
Direct manipulation
Which of the following are examples of direct manipulation
Dragging a file to a trashcan(recycle bin) icon Operating an industrial robot in a warehouse with a pointing device Controlling a video-game character on-screen with a game controller
Which of the following should have its own user-interface architect?
Each project
which of the following are valid limitations of usability testing?
Emphasizes first-time usage. Provides limited coverage of the interface features.
One technique that experts reviews have at their disposal is to create a bird's eye view on an interface. this is done by laying out a full set of printed screens on a floor or wall. What advantage does this give the reviewer?
Enables the reviewer to quickly see if the fonts, colors and terminology are consistent and that multiple developers have adhered to a common style.
Designers are encouraged to consider the plasticity and malleability of their designs when building a successful interface. What does this mean?
Ensure smooth conversion over different display sizes, such as cell phones to large plasma screens. The ability to translate into multiple languages for people across the world. Provide compatibility with accessibility-support for disabled users
Which one of the following is NOT one of the four E's of management strategies?
Expertise
A well-designed user interface, even for complex and diverse interactive applications, will eliminate the need for supplemental help materials.
False
Audio menus can be useful when one's hands and eyes are busy, or to assist vision-impaired users. With audio menus, instruction prompts and lists of options are spoken. However, aside from being audible instead of visual, audio menus can be constructed using the same guidelines as visual menus.
False
By writing a statement of plausible impacts by an interactive system, it will only elevate fears or force developers to make unreasonable compromise. It is best to record these impact and only reveal them at the end of the development process, at which point they can be fixed.
False
Communication from a computer to user should emulate human-to-human conversation, as it will make the user feel more comfortable
False
Creating low-fidelity prototypes out of slips of paper, pieces of plastic and tape offers little benefit to interface design, since those real-world objects are difficult to translate to a digital setting
False
Current research in Human-Computer Interaction is largely done by introspection and intuition. due to the fact that the field is relatively new, there is little need for a scientific method for interface research
False
Current techniques of data visualization, such as dynamically visualizing millions of items, have surpassed the limits of human visual abilities.
False
Data visualization and data mining are two fields of research that offer strictly opposing approaches to understand information.
False
Designing interfaces to help meet the needs of disabled users will inevitably hurt normal user's productivity.
False
Dialog-box design is inherently different than menu-selection or form-fill-in-design due to the fact that it interrupts users to select options or perform limited data entry.
False
In order to use a direct-manipulation interface, a great deal of training is required from more experienced users
False
Intermittent users have trouble retaining the operation concepts involved in direct-manipulation interfaces
False
Menu's force users to recall the syntax of a command from memory
False
Natural language interaction a good strategy to use for input
False
One of the Eight Golden rules of Interface Design suggests that providing feedback for every user action is too distracting for the user.
False
Since design is inherently creative and unpredictable, there are no methods available to guide a designer.
False
System preferences for Universal Access features are still not easily selectable in either the macOS or Microsoft windows products requiring the installation of special tools when the product is first purchased for the physically-challenged user.
False
The principles of direct manipulation are not helpful to designers of virtual environments since those environments break the physical limitations of space
False
There is a significant diversity among humans with regard to physical abilities, backgrounds, cultures, and age. However, by simply designing and interface for the average, generic human, people of various types will be able to conform to the design without toil (effort)
False
Unix is a successful operating system in part because its command language uses obvious name strategies for its various commands
False
Users generally prefer when menus vary their sequence of items adaptively to reflect the pattern of use (i.e. moving the most frequently selected objects towards the top).
False
When using experts for an expert review, it is important that the expert selected have little knowledge of the project and no meaningful relationship with the organization
False
animated characters in user interfaces tend to reduce anxiety and increase productivity for user tasks
False
iOs Human interface guidelines are based only on Apple product technology experience and not related to any recent research, theory, or experience outside of Apple
False
it is difficult to adapt the user interface development process to systems and applications that contain little or no user interface elements(e.g. embedded systems, database design).
False
once a designer gains enough experience, it is wasteful of time and resources to evaluate their creations thoroughly
False
users subjectively prefer display layouts that optimize their search time on that display
False
Oliver is an expert stockbroker and needs access to large amounts of information to monitor the rising and falling stock prices each day. Which of the following display designs would best help his perforamance?
Fewer displays with denser information
Which of the following is NOT a way to improve interaction times that is implied by Fitt's law?
Fix the position of frequently-used buttons so that they are always on the screen
The design pattern used by rails to decouple major components for efficient code reuse and parallel development is called:
Model-view-controller
Positional consistency is a strong principle for good menu design. By following this rule, it is best to do what when an item is no longer available for selection in a menu?
Gray out the item.
Effective display designs can include all but which of the following factors?
Hand-eye coordination: coordinated control of eye movement with hand movement
Controlled experiments and usability tests are two different ways to test the effectiveness of a user interface. The following list of answer choices are properties of testing methods. match the below properties with the appropriate test method?
Have at least two treatments and seek to show statistically significant differences (Controlled experiments) Designed to find flaws in user interfaces rapidly (usability tests) Outcome is a report with recommended changes (usability tests) Provides validation or rejection of hypotheses (Controlled experiments)
According to Ezequiel Bruni in A Look into Navigation in Web Design, placing links that are useful for a smaller number of items in a separate location like the footer is called___.
Hybrid navigation
Which of the following types of searches is currently the most difficult to gather meaningful results?
Multimedia documents
By emphasizing recognition over recall with the use of structured menus, consistent terminology, and high interface apparency, which of the following user groups will benefit most?
Novice users
When a user successfully completes a task, the computer should:
Provide comprehensible feedback so users can move forward
Careful selection of users can help build successful participatory design experiences in which of the following ways:
Increases participants' sense of importance Emphasizes the seriousness of the project
Universal usability deals with accommodating diverse users by...
Innovative design that allows user-controlled flexibility.
Some older adults avoid helpful computer-based devices, such as Automated Teller Machines(ATM), because they are anxious about breaking the device or making an embarrassing mistake. Which of the following would be a good starting point to help alleviate this fear of an ATM?
Interview older adults who are nonusers of computers to help understand the source of their anxiety.
One goal in requirements analysis is to ascertain the user's needs. Which of the following methods is the most effective way to serve the user's goals?
Invest a significant amount of time into task analysis to determine what tasks and subtasks must be carried out.
The windows task manager allows users to choose which applications are launched at startup. Of the Eight golden rules of interface design, which one does this feature best exemplify?
Keep users in control
Which of the following is a way to help improve search results of a system for novice users?
Offering hot-topic lists and useful classification schemes.
Which of the following is the major reason why there are slower task times for comprehension fr proofreading on a computer display than paper?
On computer displays, there can be frequent "page turning," which is disruptive Unfamiliarity of displays and the anxiety of navigating the text can increase stress. Reading distance is more easily adjustable for paper than for fixed computer displays. e.g desktop computers
Match the task categories with the task types
Organize (View manipulation) Visualize (Data and view specification) Coordinate (View manipulation) Select (View manipulation) Share (Process and provenance) Annotate (Process and provenance) Filter (Data and view specification) Guide (Process and provenance) Navigate (View manipulation) Derive (Data and view specification) Record (Process and provenance) Sort (Data and view specification)
eric runs an online gourmet foods delivery service. In order to better serve his customers, he wishes to ensure that his interface meets his users' needs. However, he is a small business and his testing budget is modest. Which of the following testing methods would be most appropriate?
Place a web-based survey on the website to identify the problems users are having
Suppose you have a wall-sized display. Of the following type of menus, which type would be best to select a particular pen out of three possible choices?
Pop-up menu
Displaying disabled when it is no longer available for selection follows the principle of __-
Positional consistency
Guidelines documents can help designers solve design problems that occur for a project. How do these documents assist the designer?
Promote consistency among multiple designers in terms of terminology, visual look and action sequences.
suppose a user wishes to zoom in on a map of the world with a zoom factor of 50. Which technique would help preserve the user's orientation despite this deep zoom?
Provide three windows, one containing an overview, one containing an intermediate view, and one containing the detail-view
If a physical process is controlled from a remote location, it is referred to as teleoperation. What is a primary difference between traditional direct manipulation interfaces and teleoperation?
Remote controlled processes may have slower response of incomplete feedback
The___ is responsible for: Facilitating (not participating in) the daily standup Helping the team maintain their burndown chart Setting up retrospectives, sprint reviews or sprint planning sessions Shielding he team from interruptions during the sprint Removing obstacles that affect the team
Scrum master
Which item below is NOT an advanced filtering and search interfaces technique?
Search by rule
In textual databases, which proves to be more accurate
Searches on phrases
which of the following are examples of personalized search?
Selecting items to show to the user based on their previous shopping, posting or interaction history Automatically applying filters to a registered user's search based on the profile the user created. giving recommendations based on the items selected by the user's friend of contacts
Identify the item below that is NOT a display characteristic:
Speed (KPH)
One of the five usability measures for practical evaluation, which one is usually accomplished by interviews and surveys?
Subjective satisfaction
There are many different types of systems, and each set shares its own unique properties. Try to best match the type of system with its corresponding properties.
Subjective satisfaction is of modest importance. Retention is obtained by frequent use. Operator training time is expensive, so ease of learning is important (Office, home, and entertainment applications) Lengthy training periods are acceptable to obtain rapid, error-free performance, even when the users are under stress. (Life-critical systems) Ease of learning, low error rates, and subjective satisfaction are paramount because use is frequently discretionary and competition is fierce. (Industrial and commercial use)
Which of the following scenarios has been proven to be a successful use of voice recognition?
Switching between tools with a voice command instead of selection in a palette
If a physical process is controlled from a remote location, it is referred to as __
Teleoperation
In Norman's model of human-computer interaction, what does he call the Gulf of Evaluation?
The mismatch between the system's representation and the user's expectations.
A burn-down chart shows__
The progress of the work and features completed.
Who estimates the effort to complete a product backlog item?
The scrum development team, after clarifying the requirement
Fitt's law is a predictive model of time. What does it predict?
The time it takes to point a target based on width and distance.
Which of the following tends to have a higher complexity in online communities?
The way the conversations are managed an moderated.
Subjectively satisfying the user is an important usability measure for determining the effectiveness of an interface.
True
A 2-D space is frequently used for 1-D linear data.
True
A solution to providing a sense of control to users is to expand the control-panel to users is to expand the control-panel model whereby users specify personal preferences and system parameters
True
A visual-analytics user interface combines, search, visualization, and the management of hypothesis
True
Big data refers to extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions.
True
By providing visibility of the objects and actions of interest, allowing reversibility of commands, and replacing typed commands with pointing actions, users generally react positively and enthusiastic about the interface
True
Deciding how to organize input data for data visualization to achieve desired result often takes more thought and work than expected
True
Design involving direct-manipulation may consume valuable screen space and force valuable information off-screen
True
Designers should be conscious of the type of input users can generate, and design the system so that users cannot make a serious error.
True
Documentation content is organized as single-source topics, created during the authoring process, with the intention of reuse. The various documentation end-products (compiled help, website, print) are then created from combinations of the single-source topics.
True
During input, menu's offer cues to elicit recognition
True
Examples of visualization data types are 1D Linear, 2D Map, 3D World, Multidimensional, Temporal, Tree, and Network
True
If a user interface for a system causes fatal errors and is demonstrated to be difficult to understand, the designers and developers would be open to a lawsuit alleging improper design.
True
Interference from noisy environments and poor-quality microphones are obstacles to speech recognition
True
Making information visualization tools accessible to diverse users regardless of their backgrounds, technical disadvantages, or person disabilities remains a huge challenge for designers.
True
Micro HCI theories focus on measurable performance (such as speed and errors) on multiple standard tasks taking seconds or minutes in laboratory environments.
True
Research in cooperative interfaces is often more complicated than in single user interfaces.
True
Responsive design is when a typical desktop or laptop monitor display is automatically adapted to the smaller display space of a tablet and a Smartphone.
True
The Automated teller machine case study design example illustrated where what may have started out as a relative straightforward task turned into a methodical study of how to improve a user interface to the machines that were not only accepted but embraced by a wide variety of users (i.e. banking customers)
True
social networks, newsfeeds, alerts and have become part of our daily lives. Designers need to consider the downsides and negative exigencies of such systems.
True
social search is "an umbrella term" describing search acts that make use of social interactions with others (e.g. social bookmarking and ranking on Reddit, music recommendation with Pandora)
True
speech might not be an ideal interface for word processors because voice commanding is more demanding of the user's working memory than is hand-eye coordination.
True
the case studies in chapter 6 were chosen strategically to highlight design contexts, various applications, and incremental continuous improvement.
True
Gregg is a frequent traveler, who like many of us, use a travel website to book flights for business trips an vacations to get the best prices. However, the website if often uses has a serious bug; if he types the date for the trip in an incorrect format, the system freezes and leaves him unable to continue his task. Which of the following would be the best way to help solve Gregg's problem?
Update the interface so that user cannot input improper dates, such as providing a calendar tool that allows users to select a day and month from valid choices.
which of the following evaluation methods involves participants that are chosen to represent the intended user communities and then perform tasks with the interface?
Usability testing
The ability for novice users to evolve into power users is one property of a well-designed interface. Which of the following methods might best allow a graceful evolution from novice to expert?
Use a single interface that allows the user to increase the complexity of the display when they feel comfortable. provide hints and online assistance to users on various ways they can perform a certain task.
Display design guidelines recommend that the control of the display should be held by the ...
User
What is the difference between user-interface designers and traditional ethnographers?
User-interface designers focus on interfaces for the purpose of changing and improving them, whereas traditional ethnographers are just interested in understanding their subjects.
What is the central goal of acceptance testing?
Verify adherence to the requirements.
match the following extensions of direct manipulation with the statement that describes each term best. Puts users in an immersive environment in which normal surroundings are blocked out by a head-mounted display that presents artificial worlds. Keeps users in the normal surroundings and adds a transparent overlay with additional information Gives users physical objects to manipulate in order to interact with the interface
Virtual Reality Augmented Reality Tangible User Interfaces (In this order)
Low fidelity prototypes are more suitable___of the design process.
at the beginnings
In Ruby, ('a' .. 'e').to_a[1] evaluates to be
b
Identify the item below that is NOT a pointing or control task:
consider-waiting for a prompt
After a system's release, evaluation during active use is necessary to provide interface refinements to support even higher levels of service. Of the following evaluation methods, which one offers the most direct way to determine which errors occur most often in a system interface?
continuous user-performance data logging.
Errors often occur due to a lack of knowledge, incorrect understanding of the system, or an unintentional slip. these conditions will likely make users confused or anxious. What does this suggest about how errors should be presented to users?
error messages should be carefully worded and offer constructive guidance.
In the screenshot from the mobile newegg.com website, a user searching for computer memory by selecting values from multiple categories related to the product. This feature is an example of___
faceted search
Which of the following are benefits of electronic meeting systems?
facilitates broader input into the meeting process and reduces the chance that only a few people will dominate the meeting A permanent record of what occurs can be recorded automatically based on the group memory
In Ruby, the following statement evaluates to__ "".blank? && " ".empty? && " ".blank? && nil.blank?
false
There has been little progress with regard to input-output devices since computers first became widely available in the 1960s
false
Allowing users to rapidly indicate typos, misleading information, and confusing sections by marking up user documentation is a useful strategy for___.
field tests
Order (from first to last) the action stages that are considered when designing advanced search interfaces
formation initialization of action review of results refinement use
Match the following git operations with their description
git branch branch_name (Create a new branch) git checkout -b branch_name (Create a new branch and switch to it) git checkout branch_name (Switch to an existing branch) git checkout -f Overwrite uncommitted changes on current branch) git branch (See all existing branches) git branch -d branch_name (Delete a branch)
To create a Git repository, which command do you run?
git init
For synchronous exchanges of messages among a stable set of participants. which is preferred interface?
text-based chat
suppose you are in charge of designing an interface that will allow business employees to vote and comment on certain issues. You decide to build an asynchronous online conferencing tool. Select ALL of the answer choices below that capture the advantages of building a tool in this form
there is 24-hour availability, so participants can participate when it is convenient for them Participants can phrase their contributions carefully, w/o pressure to make an immediate comment
Expert reviews are proven to be an effective way to evaluate interfaces. which of the following are true about expert reviewers?
they can use a variety of methods, such as heuristic evaluation, consistency inspection and cogitive walkthrough they should take training courses, be cognizant of guidelines, and try the interface as close as possible to a realistic work environment. they can be used early of late in the design phase
In the initial decades of software development, technically-oriented programmers designed programming languages and applications for themselves and their peers. What was a side effect of this phenomenon?
they created complex interfaces due to their substantial experience.
Which of the following devices are direct-control pointing devices?
touchscreen stylus
As users become engaged with their work, the computer becomes__
transparent
Choose the item below that is NOT a design consideration for small displays (e.g. smartphones or digital watches)
use 10-point font minimum
which of the following error messages is best
use of the browser's back or refresh button redirected you to this page. to avoid this in the future, use the links and buttons that are part of the portal interface
Suppose you have a menu of 15 items, and you wish to enhance the menu with color. which of the following would be the best strategy?
use one color for all the menu items, and another color for the menu title
User a metaphor as a part of an interface can aid learning, problem solving and retention. The designer should choose a metaphor closer to the...
user's task domain
What is NOT a benefit of direct manipulation?
visually impaired users may have more difficulty
Can small-group collaborative-learning experiences among students be positive?
yes pairs often learn better than individuals
by splitting the search interface into two versions (simple search and advanced search)___.
you will have created a good example of a successful multi-layered interface