UTC Biology II Ch. 25 practice exam

____ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.

Conjugation

Which was the first bacterium to be clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease?

E. Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax

Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?

Penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacteria's outer membrane.

How do bacteria move

Rotating Flagella

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:

fimbriae

Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of Bacteria?

gram-negative bacteria

Cows and other ruminates rely on a ______ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract

mutualistic

Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?

obligate anaerobic

Gram-positive bacteria would stain ____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls.

purple; peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan consists of

sugars crosslinked with proteins

Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

the plasma membrane

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

their capsule or slime layer

The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

A set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

What are Koch's postulates?

A set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

Which statement about an F factor is False?

A) It is found in recipient cells, not donor cells B) It is involved with forming sex pili C) It is found in F+ Cells D) The F stands for fertility E) It is a DNA sequence ( A is false )

How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?

Bacteria form endospores

Which statement about biofilms is FALSE?

Biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick.

What is the purpose of sex pili?

To transmit DNA between bacteria

Which statement about bioremediation is FALSE?

Very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms of pollution

The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:

absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

bacilli

Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?

basal body

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission

Which disease is caused by an exotoxin released by the gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria, often because food was not heated sufficiently to kill the endospores?

botulism

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:

chemoautotroph

Where would you likely find Euryarchaeota bacteria

cow digestive tracts

Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?

cyanobacteria

Bacterial ____ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial ____ cause more specific maladies.

endotoxins; exotoxins

The Archaea plasma membranes are made up of branched-chain hydrocarbons bounded to glycerol by:

ether linkages