Vascular Disorders - Multiple Choice

Critical limb ischemia is characterized by chronic ischemic rest pain lasting more than four weeks (true/false)

false

Patients with PAD should not exercise due to the increased muscular oxygen demand (true/false)

false

Patient presents with thin, shiny and taut skin, diminished pedal pulses, hair loss on lower legs and delayed cap refill. These are indicative of a. Raynaud's disease b. venous insufficiency c. peripheral artery disease d. paresthesia

c

A 46-year-old is diagnosed with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). When the nurse is developing a discharge teaching plan for the patient, which outcome has the highest priority for this patient? a. Cessation of all tobacco use b. Control of serum lipid levels c. Maintenance of appropriate weight d. Demonstration of meticulous foot care

a

A 67-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of venous insufficiency. Which patient statement is most supportive of the diagnosis? a. "I can't get my shoes on at the end of the day." b. "I can't seem to ever get my feet warm enough." c. "I have burning leg pains after I walk two blocks." d. "I wake up during the night because my legs hurt."

a

A patient is receiving homecare for the treatment of a wound on the inside of her lower leg which is 3 cm in diameter with a yellow wound bed and clear exudate. Assessment of the patient's legs reveals edema and a darkened pigmentation over the ankles and shins of both legs. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis? a. Chronic venous insufficiency b. Deep vein thrombosis c. Varicose veins d. Peripheral arterial disease

a

A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by: a. High serum cholesterol levels b. Endothelial injury and inflammation c. An increase in antithrombotic substances d. Congenital heart disease

a

An 86-year-old patient asks why her ankles have a brownish discoloration and the skin looks so thick. Which is the most accurate response by the nurse? a. "The valves in the vessels in your legs aren't working as well as they used to, which causes the discoloration and thickening of your skin." b. "You probably aren't getting enough iron in your diet. We should talk to your doctor about adding an iron supplement." c. "How many years have you smoked? Nicotine will cause these changes in your skin." d. "These are just normal changes seen in most elderly people."

a

Arterial ulcers differ from venous ulcers in that a. arterial ulcers present as dry wounds while venous ulcers present as wet and oozing b. arterial ulcers present as wet and oozing ulcers while venous ulcers present as dry wounds

a

The nurse is working with clients at a health fair. Which teaching takes priority to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis? a. Instructing a diabetic client not to smoke or use any tobacco b. Teaching diet changes to a client with elevated cholesterol levels c. Suggesting limiting alcohol to an older client with hypolipidemia d. Encouraging exercise to an obese client who lives a sedentary lifestyle

a

Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is: a. edema b. calf pain. c. varicosities. d. strong pulse.

b

PVD a. peripheral venous disease b. peripheral vascular disease

b

The most important complication of atherosclerosis is _________, which may cause occlusion of small heart vessels. a. ulceration b. thrombosis c. fatty streaks d. fibrous plaque

b

The nurse is providing patient teaching to a pregnant patient who works as a cashier in a grocery store. Which suggestion by the nurse will help most in preventing varicose veins? a. Add vitamin C to diet. b. "March in place" while standing at the counter. c. Avoid tight support hose. d. Wear supportive shoes.

b

When developing a teaching plan for a 76-year-old patient newly diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD), which instructions should the nurse include? a. "Exercise only if you do not experience any pain." b. "It is very important that you stop smoking cigarettes." c. "Try to keep your legs elevated whenever you are sitting." d. "Put elastic compression stockings on early in the morning."

b

When evaluating the discharge teaching for a patient with chronic peripheral artery disease (PAD), the nurse determines a need for further instruction when the patient says, "I will a. have to buy some loose clothes that do not bind across my legs or waist." b. use a heating pad on my feet at night to increase the circulation and warmth in my feet." c. change my position every hour and avoid long periods of sitting with my legs crossed." d. walk to the point of pain, rest, and walk again until the pain returns for at least 30 minutes 3 times a week."

b

A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by: a. Arterial wall thinning and weakening b. Abnormally dilated arteries and veins c. Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls d. Autonomic nervous system imbalances

c

A client with atherosclerosis asks a nurse which factors are responsible for this condition. What is the nurse's best response? a. "Injury to the arteries causes them to spasm, reducing blood flow to the extremities." b. "Excess fats in your diet are stored in the lining of your arteries, causing them to constrict." c. "A combination of platelets and fats accumulates, narrowing the artery and reducing blood flow." d. "Excess sodium causes injury to the arteries, reducing blood flow and eventually causing obstruction."

c

Clinical manifestations of advancing PVD include pain at rest such that a. pain typically occurs in the heel b. the pain is alleviated by limb elevation c. the pain is more frequently experienced at night d. the pain is a result of insufficient venous return

c

Pallor of foot with leg elevated followed by Rubor when dependent is a sign of a. chronic venous insufficiency b. deep vein thrombosis c. peripheral arterial disease d. varicose veins

c

Patient with PVD previously reported experiencing intermittent claudication, but now reports pain in the legs even at rest. What does this signify? a. hypertension is not being well controlled b. renal perfusion is inadequate for potassium levels c. perfusion to lower extremities is inadequate to meet oxygen requirement at rest d. the patient is experiencing hypercapnia

c

The nurse is initiating the care plan for a patient with peripheral arterial disease, who complains of pain in the lower extremities at a 3/10, has a 0.5 cm ´ 1 cm ulcer on the left lower leg, and the lower legs are shiny and hairless bilaterally. What is the priority nursing diagnosis? a. Injury related to loss of peripheral circulation b. Acute pain related to ischemia to lower extremities c. Impaired skin integrity related to ulcer on lower extremity d. Deficient knowledge related to management of medical condition

c

The nurse performing an assessment with a patient who has chronic peripheral artery disease (PAD) of the legs and an ulcer on the right second toe would expect to find a. dilated superficial veins. b. swollen, dry, scaly ankles. c. prolonged capillary refill in all the toes. d. a serosanguineous drainage from the ulcer.

c

Which assessment finding for a patient who has been admitted with a right calf venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires immediate action by the nurse? a. Erythema of right lower leg b. Complaint of right calf pain c. New onset shortness of breath d. Temperature of 100.4° F (38° C)

c

A patient at the clinic says, "I have always taken a walk after dinner, but lately my leg cramps and hurts after just a few minutes of starting. The pain goes away after I stop walking, though." The nurse should a. check for the presence of tortuous veins bilaterally on the legs. b. ask about any skin color changes that occur in response to cold. c. assess for unilateral swelling, redness, and tenderness of either leg. d. assess for the presence of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses.

d

The nurse assessing a patient with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) becomes concerned when the patient demonstrates which sign or symptom? a. Hematuria b. Tingling in the limbs c. Hematemesis d. Hemoptysis

d

The patient is immobilized following a hip injury and has begun demonstrating lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, tenderness, and increased warmth in the mid-calf area. He has many of the manifestations of: a. stasis ulcerations. b. arterial insufficiency. c. primary varicose veins. d. deep vein thrombosis.

d

Which topic should the nurse include in patient teaching for a patient with a venous stasis ulcer on the left lower leg? a. Need to increase carbohydrate intake b. Methods of keeping the wound area dry c. Purpose of prophylactic antibiotic therapy d. Application of elastic compression stockings

d

While working in the outpatient clinic, the nurse notes that a patient has a history of intermittent claudication. Which statement by the patient would support this information? a. "When I stand too long, my feet start to swell." b. "I get short of breath when I climb a lot of stairs." c. "My fingers hurt when I go outside in cold weather." d. "My legs cramp whenever I walk more than a block."

d

Peripheral artery disease: arteries become narrowed and blood flow decreases in arteriosclerosis (true/false)

true