Vascular registry URR practice tests
Medical Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) define detail
- pressed too tightly by celiac art and nerves nearby - when diaphram caudal: symptoms relieved - when diagram more cephalad: art pinched abd
Factors that indicate SMA stenosis
-IMA dilated and seen by US -PSV> 2.75m/s -mesenteric- AO ratio >3
SVC syndrome
Progressive obstruction of SVC dilates upper extremity dil of bil IJV
String Sign
critical stenosis that can only allow thin string of blood through the opening
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)
- Rare stenosis condition- abnormal cell growth (medium to large arteries) - Primarily affects carotid and renal art ( increased risk of dissection/ aneurysm) - Most common: distal ICA of women aged 40-60 yrs - assoc with stenosis of renal artery
C-reactive protein (CRP)
A c-reactive protein test measures the level of c-reactive protein (CRP) in your blood. CRP is a protein made by your liver. It's sent into your bloodstream in response to inflammation. Inflammation is your body's way of protecting your tissues if you've been injured or have an infection. It can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the injured or affected area. Some autoimmune disorders and chronic diseases can also cause inflammation. Normally, you have low levels of c-reactive protein in your blood. High levels may be sign of a serious infection or other disorder
Buerger's disease
A condition in which the blood vessels, especially those supplying the legs, are constricted whenever nicotine enters the bloodstream, the ultimate result being gangrene and amputation.
May Thurner Syndrome AKA and Define
AKA: Illiac compression syndrome Define: compression of LT CIV btw RT CIA and Spine
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia AKA and define
AKA: Osler Weber Rendu Define: autosomal dominant affect musculature of multiple organs
Nutcrack syndrome It leads to
Abnormal compression of Lt renal vein by SMA and AO renal vein congestion and thrombosis
Popliteal entrapment
Abnormally enlarged calf presses main art (pop art) behind knee
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample. Normally, red blood cells settle relatively slowly. A faster-than-normal ratemay indicate inflammation in the body
PHACE syndrome, what does it stand for?
Cogenital malformation of arterial vasculature
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
Compression of ulnar artery against hook of hamate Corkscrew superficial palmar arch Pseudoaneurysm Emboli to digital arteries Ddx: Buerger's HAMMER ON ULNAR
What is Tardus parvus It is indicative of
Delayed AT waveform prox renal stenosis
What is spectral broadening and where is it seen
Distal and at stenosis site
Whats endoleak Whats type 2 endoleak which vessels are most common sources of type 2 endoleak
Endoleaks occur when blood leaks back into an aneurysm sac following an endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedure—one of the procedure's most common complications A Type II endoleak results when increased pressure within the side branches of the aorta force blood to leak back into the lower-pressure aneurysm sac. This is the most common type of endoleak, and is generally considered benign. However, it is often unpredictable IMA, internal illiac, lumbar art, accessory renal art
Diff btw Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) and Atherosclerosis
FMD- in medial layer Atherosclerosis- in intimal and medial layer
What is angular and facial artery
Facial is part of ECA and angular is part of facial
Takayasu arteritis
Granulomatous (giant cell) inflammation of media and adventitia of large elastic arteries. IAsian women. Female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Most often affects thoracic aorta and its proximal branches and pulmonary arteries.
Wernicke aphasia
Happened to NICKI in india receptive aphasia- Inability to understand speech, speak or follow directions.
The ophthalmic artery most commonly arises as the first major branch of the ____
ICA
Sclerotherapy
Injecting saline in vericose veins to narrow them
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
Klippel-Trenaunay (klih-PEL tray-no-NAY) syndrome ― also called KTS ― is a rare disorder found at birth (congenital) involving abnormal development of blood vessels, soft tissues (such as skin and muscles), bones, and the lymphatic system. The main features include a red birthmark (port-wine stain), overgrowth of tissues and bones, and vein malformations with or without lymphatic abnormalities COGENITAL ABSENCE OF DEEP VEINS WHICH CAUSES NUMEROUS PROMINENT SUPERFICIAL ABNORMALITIES
Lemierre's syndrome
Lemierre's syndrome is a severe illness caused by the anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum which typically occurs in healthy teenagers and young adults. The infection originates in the throat and spreads via a septic thrombophlebitis of the tonsillar vein and internal jugular vein.
___ is the reason for upper extremity thrombosis in ambulatory patients Define the reason
Paget Schrutter Paget-Schroetter disease, is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms. These DVTs typically occur in the axillary and/or subclavian veins.
Greenfield filter is used to do what
Placed in abdominal IVC portion to catch emboli before reaching heart or lungs
Renovascular HTN
Renal hypertension (or renovascular hypertension) is high blood pressure caused by the narrowing of your arteries that carry blood to your kidneys. It is also sometimes called renal artery stenosis. Because your kidneys are not getting enough blood, they react by making a hormone that makes your blood pressure rise
What is superficial varicosities
Superficial varicosities are the result of high-pressure flow into a normally low-pressure system. Varicosities carrying retrograde flow are hemodynamically harmful because they cause recirculation of oxygen-poor, lactate-laden venous blood back into an already congested extremity.
Temporal arteritis Expected finding in pt with this disease
Temporal arteritis is a serious disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the large and medium arteries of the head, which supply oxygenated blood to portions of the head and brain. This inflammatory disease results in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients in the brain and head areas low resistance flow
Seldinger technique Its used in performing ___ procedure
The Seldinger technique, also known as Seldinger wire technique, is a medical procedure to obtain safe access to blood vessels and other hollow organs. It is named after Dr. Sven Ivar Seldinger (1921-1998), a Swedish radiologist who introduced the procedurein 1953. A wire paced in AFTER NEEDLE REMOVED Seldingers technique
Lemierre syndrome affects which vessels
Thrombophlebitis of jugular veins with orthopharyngeal infection
Bilateral visual disturbance are most commonly assc with ____ disease Define that disease
Vertebrobasilar disease Vertebrobasilar disease is a broad classification describing the condition where there is an insufficient delivery of blood flow via the vertebral and/or basilar arteries to the brain. Blood is delivered to the brain via the carotid and vertebral arteries.
Eagle Syndrome
compression of carotid artery
Asher sign
enlargement of spleen that extends across midline anterior to abdominal AO
Cross over collateralization
flow from Lt ACA moves into RT ACA through anterior feel communicating artery
Allens test
he Allen test is a first-line standard test used to assess the arterial blood supply of the hand. This test is performed whenever intravascular access to the radial artery is planned or for selecting patients for radial artery harvesting, such as for coronary artery bypass grafting or for forearm flap elevation
Whats ECA to ICA collateralization
in presence of a CCA occlusion, flow is often preserved through the ICA via retrograde flow in the ECA ( there is reverse flow seen in ECA which enters ICA). Colour flow Doppler is essential in defining flow direction and to confirm occlusions of the carotid arteries
Leriche syndrome
obstruction of distal AO
Budd Chiari Syndrome define and lead to complications such as:
obstruction of hepatic veins by thrombus or tumor complications: hepatic congestion, hepatomegaly, ascites, RUQ pain, jaundice.
Which side of stenosis will show largest spectral window
prox of stenosis (large spectral window- narrow bandwidth- laminar flow)
Post phlebitic syndrome
symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency after DVT
The portal vein or hepatic portal vein (HPV) is a blood vessel that carries blood from ___ to the _____
the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver
What is oppposite of vasodilation?
vasospasm or vasoconstriction ( narrowing of artery)
__ is sign of chronic venous disease
wet ulcers ( dry ulcers are of acute arterial disease and they are more painful)