Vet Med Chapters: Chapter 5

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A,D,E, and K

How much water does an animal need per pound of solid feed?

Animals require about 1.5 quarts of water for each pound of solid feed eaten

How and when should you feed mineral supplements to grazing stock?

As most areas are deficient in minerals a practice of providing year-round free-choice access to a calcium/phosphorous supplemented trace mineral salt is recommended.

What does AAFCO stand for? Why is this important in selecting a pet food?

Association of American Feed Control Officials. The association maintains manufacturing standards and ensures the product manufactured meets labeling and advertising claims.

Minerals are essential for what life processes?

Bone and teeth development, chemical process regulation, nervous system functioning, and reproduction and blood building

What are the five major nutrients in foods and give a reason why they are important in the diet?

Carbohydrates- An energy source for growth, lactation, and reproduction Fat- An energy source that provides essential fatty acids, and improves palatability Protein- Provides essential amino acids for growth, lactation, and maintenance Minerals- Important for growth, normal metabolic function, bone and teeth development, and reproduction Vitamins- Important in the regulation of the bodies metabolic processes, growth, lactation, and reproduction

What is different about Vitamin A in cats compared to dogs?

Cats cannot manufacture Vitamin A from beta carotene so they must have it in their diet.

Why do cats require more protein in their diet than dogs?

Cats require more protein in their diet because cats are true carnivores and their bodies have greater protein requirements to function normally

What is the purpose of feeding energy concentrates?

Feeding energy concentrates maximizes available energy that is important for maintenance of body temperature, growth, reproduction, lactation, and fattening

What are the two essential fatty acids in dogs and cats? Why are these fatty acids essential?

Linoleic and gamma linoleic acids. They affect the skin and coat condition, kidney function, and reproduction

What type of diet is best to feed older dogs and cats? Why?

Older cats and dogs require a diet that is lower in energy to prevent them from becoming obese as they become less active. Special diets for older animals also have lower amounts of protein and salt to reduce the workload on the heart and kidneys.

What is the main problem associated with overfeeding cats or dogs? How can this be prevented?

Overfeeding cats or dogs can result in obesity, which can cause other secondary medical problems. Obesity can be prevented by taking care not to over feed animals by matching the food to the animal's requirements, and keeping them active.

Proper nutrition aids the prevention of what two types of diseases?

Proper nutrition aids in the prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases

What is the purpose of feeding protein supplements?

Protein supplementation ensures that protein is not a limiting factor in energy utilization for growth.

What is the purpose of feeding roughages?

Roughages prevent gastrointestinal disturbances and maintain motility of the gastrointestinal tract aiding digestion.

What amino acid is considered essential in cats but not in dogs?

Taurine

What are the two classes of vitamins?

The two classes of vitamins are fat soluble and water soluble

What are the two groups of carbohydrates?

The two groups of carbohydrates are nitrogen-free extract and crude fiber

What are the two groups of minerals?

The two groups of minerals are macro-minerals and micro-minerals

What are the health problems in animals that result from inadequate nutrition?

Weight loss, reduced weight gain, retarded growth, lowered milk production, infertility, increased disease susceptibility, and death