Vocabulary Workshop Level B Unit 1-9

prior

(adj) earlier, former Synonymy- anterior, preceding Antonym- later, ensuing, following

domestic

(adj) native to a country, not foreign; relating to the life or affairs of a household; (n) a household servant Synonymy- native, servant Antonym- foreign, alien

proficient

(adj) skilled, expert, or capable in any field or activity Synonymy- competent, adept Antonym- incompetent, inept, unskilled, ignorant

Anonymous

(adj) unnamed, without the name of the person involved (writer, composer, etc.); unknown; lacking individuality or character Synonyms: nameless Anonymous: -------

Dynamic

(adj.) active, energetic, forceful Synonyms: high-powered, bold Anonymous: lazy, lackadaisical, lethargic, sluggish

controversial

(adj.) arousing argument, dispute, or disagreement Synonyms: arguable, at issue Antonyms: -----------

fallible

(adj.) capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate Synonymy: errant, flawed Antonyms: foolproof, flawless, unfainting

foremost

(adj.) chief, most important, primary; (adv.) in the first place Synonymy- leaning, principle, paramount Antonym- hindmost, last, secondary

void

(adj.) completely empty; having no legal force or effect; (n.) empty or unfilled space; (v.) to cancel or nullify Synonyms: (adj) invalid, vacant, bare Antonyms: (adj) in effect, teeming with, (v) confirm

peevish

(adj.) cross, complaining, irritable; contrary synonyms: crabby, cranky, testy, stubborn antonyms: agreeable, amiable, even-tempered, pleasant

malignant (maleficent)

(adj.) deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious Synonyms: wicked, malevolent Antonyms: wholesome, beneficial

wayward

(adj.) disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious Synonyms: insubordinate, rebellious, perverse Antonyms: docile, well-behaved, predictable

inflammable

(adj.) easily set on fire; easily angered or aroused Synonyms: flammable, excitable Antonyms: fire-resistant, calm

docile

(adj.) easily taught, led, or managed; obedient Synonymy: teachable, manageable, pliant Antonyms: unruly, wayward, interactive, disobedient

interminable

(adj.) endless, so long as to seem endless Synonyms: never-ending Antonyms: brief, short, fleeting

vicious

(adj.) evil, bad; spiteful; having bad habits or an ugly disposition; painfully severe or extreme Synonyms: wicked, malicious Antonyms: good, kind, kindly, mild

flagrant

(adj.) extremely bad, glaring; scandalous, notorious Synonymy- blatant, gross, outrageous Antonym- petty, piddling, trifling, inconsequential

amiss

(adj.) faulty, imperfect, not as it should be; (adv.) in a mistaken or improper way, wrongly Synonymy- awry Antonym- properly

spirited

(adj.) full of life and vigor; courageous Synonyms: lively, animated, gallant Antonyms: lifeless, dull

animated

(adj.) full of life, lively, alive; (part.) moved to action synonyms: energetic, vigorous antonyms: lifeless, dead, flat

virtual

(adj.) having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name; so close as to be equivalent to the real thing Synonyms: functioning as Antonyms: -----------

orthodox

(adj.) in agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things Synonyms: traditional, standard, customary Antonyms: unusual, unconventional, heretical

Marginal

(adj.) in, at, or near the edge or marginal; only barely good, large, or important enough for the purpose Synonyms: borderline, peripheral Anonymous: central, pivotal, focal

substantial

(adj.) large, important; major, significant; prosperous; not imaginary, material Synonymy: big, tangible, considerable Antonyms: minor, insignificant, negligible

ultimate

(adj.) last, final; most important or extreme; eventual; basic, fundamental Synonymy: terminal, farthest, furthest Antonyms: first, initial, nearest, most immediate

fickle

(adj.) liable to change very rapidly, erratic; marked by a lack of constancy or steadiness, inconsistent Synonymy: faithless, inconstant Antonyms: steady, constant

miscellaneous

(adj.) mixed, of different kinds synonyms: varied, assorted, motley antonyms: identical, uniform, homogeneous

adjacent

(adj.) near, next to, adjoining Synonyms: alongside, nearby, neighboring Antonyms: faraway, distant

Inimitable

(adj.) not capable of being copied or imitated Synonyms: matchless, incomparable, unique Anonymous: -------

trivial

(adj.) not important, minor; ordinary, commonplace Synonyms: insignificant, trifling Antonyms: important, weighty

fruitless

(adj.) not producing the desired results, unsuccessful Synonyms: useless, vain, unproductive Antonyms: productive, effective

barren

(adj.) not productive, bare Synonyms: unproductive, sterile, desolate, arid Antonyms: fertile, fruitful

humdrum

(adj.) ordinary, dull, routine, without variation Synonyms: monotonous, prosaic, boring Antonyms: exciting, thrilling, exhalarating

potential

(adj.) possible, able to happen; (n.) something that can develop or become a reality Synonymy:possible, capability Antonyms: real, unlikely, impossible, actual

rural

(adj.) relating to farm areas and life in the country Synonymy: countrified, pastoral Antonyms: citified, metropolitan

radiant

(adj.) shining, bright; giving forth light or energy Synonymy: dazzling, glowing, brilliant, resplendent Antonyms: dull, lackluster, tarnished

sullen

(adj.) silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish Synonyms: grumpy, surly, peevish Antonyms: cheerful, blithe, vivacious

tactful

(adj.) skilled in handling difficult situations or people, Synonymy: skillful, discreet Antonyms: clumpy, indiscreet, gauche

sodden

(adj.) soaked with liquid or moisture; expressionless, dull, spiritless, listless Synonyms: waterlogged, saturated Antonyms: parched, arid

Grim

(adj.) stern, merciless, fierce, savage, cruel Synonyms: dreadful, frightful Anonymous: mild, merciful, delightful

notable

(adj.) striking, remarkable; (n.) a person who is well known, distinguished, or outstanding in some way Synonymy- noteworthy, exceptional Antonym- undistinguished, unremarkable, unknown

hostile

(adj.) unfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive Synonyms: -------- Antonyms: friendly, cordial

upright

(adj.) vertical, straight; good, honest; (adv.) in a vertical position synonyms: perpendicular, virtuous antonyms: horizontal, prone, dishonest, corrupt

grimy

(adj.) very dirty, covered with dirt or soot Synonymy: filthy, sooty, soiled, dirt-encrusted Antonyms: spotless, immaculate, spick-and-spam

vigilant

(adj.) wide-awake, alert, watchful Synonymy- attentive Antonym- sleepy, inattentive, unobservant

literate

(adj.)able to read and write; showing an excellent educational background; having knowledge or training synonyms: educated antonyms: unlettered, ignorant

unique

(adj.)one of a kind; unequaled; unusual; found only in a given synonyms: unparalleled, distinctive, antonyms: ordinary, commonplace, run-of-the-mill

downright

(adv.) thoroughly; (adj.) absolute, complete; frank, blunt synonyms: total, out-and-out,

fledgling

(n) an inexperienced person, beginner; a young bird about to leave the nest; (adj) inexperienced, budding Synonymy- novice, tyro, neophyte Antonym- pro, expert, veteran

momentum

(n) the force or speed with which something moves Synonymy- drive, thrust, impetus

résumé

(n.) a brief summary; a short written account of one's education, working experience, or qualifications for a job Synonyms: synopsis Antonyms: none

salvo

(n.) a burst of gunfire or cannon shot, often as a tribute or salute; a sudden burst of anything; a spirited verbal attack Synonymy- barrage, volley

buffoon

(n.) a clown; a coarse, stupid person Synonyms: jester, dunce Antonyms: --------

brood

(n.) a family of young animals, especially birds; any group having the same nature and origin; (v.) to think over in a worried, unhappy way synonyms: ponder, meditate, worry, agonize

alliance

(n.) a joining together for some common purpose Synonyms: pact, league, coalition Antonyms: rift split

drone

(n.) a loafer, idler; a buzzing or humming sound; a remote-control device; a male bee; (v.) to make a buzzing sound; to speak in a dull tone of voice synonyms: bum, do-nothing; hum, buzz, purr antonyms: hard-worker

brawl

(n.) a noisy quarrel or fight; (v.) to quarrel or fight noisily Synonymy- scuffle, donnybrook Antonym- spar, scrp

truce

(n.) a pause in fighting, temporary peace Synonyms: cease-fire Antonyms: war, warfare

Dupe

(n.) a person easily tricked or deceived, (v.) to deceive Synonyms: (v.) mislead, hoodwink, delude Anonymous: (v.) undeceive, disabuse

dynasty

(n.) a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time Synonyms: ruling house, regime Antonyms: none

oration

(n.) a public speech for a formal occasion synonyms: address,

paradox

(n.) a self-contradictory statement that on closer examination proves true; a person or thing with seemingly contradictory qualities Synonymy- riddle, enigma, anomaly, absurdity

anecdote

(n.) a short account of an incident in someone's life Synonymy: tale, sketch, yarn, vignette Antonyms: -----

flaw

(n.) a slight fault, defect, crack Synonymy- imperfection, blemish Antonym- faultlessness, perfection

iota

(n.) a very small part or quantity Synonymy: speck, dab, jot, bit, smidgen Antonyms: flood, deluge, avalanche, gult

foretaste

(n.) an advance indication, sample, or warning Synonyms: preview, anticipate Antonyms: none

counterfeit

(n.) an imitation designed to deceive; (adj.) not genuine, fake; (v.) to make an illegal copy Synonymy: false, phony, bogus Antonyms: real, genuine, authentic

uncertainty

(n.) doubt, the state of being unsure Synonymy: doubtfulness, unsureness Antonyms: sureness, certainty, confidence

wrath

(n.) intense anger Synonymy- rage, ire, choler, indignation Antonym- favor, approval, pleasure, blessing

fugitive

(n.) one who flees or runs away; (adj.) fleeting, lasting a very short time; wandering; difficult to grasp Synonymy: deserter, elusive Antonyms: lasting, permanent, enduring

perjury

(n.) the act of swearing to a lie Synonymy- false witness

luster

(n.) the quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter, brilliance synonyms: gloss, sheen, shine antonyms: tarnish, dullness

interrogate

(v.) to ask questions, examine by questioning Synonyms: question, query Antonyms: none

maul

(v.) to beat or knock about; to mangle; (n.) a heavy hammer Synonymy: manhandle, batter Antonyms:

entreat

(v.) to beg, implore, ask earnestly Synonymy: plead, appeal to Antonyms: clamor for

germinate

(v.) to begin to grow, come into being Synonyms: sprout, shoot up, burgeon Antonyms: wither die, stagnate, shrivel up

seethe

(v.) to boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed synonyms: simmer, stew

disrupt

(v.) to break up, disturb Synonyms: upset, displace, dislocate Antonyms: organize, arrange

nurture

(v.) to bring up, care for, train, nourish; (n.) rearing, training, upbringing Synonymy- raise, rear, foster Antonym- neglect, ignore, discourage, hinder

singe

(v.) to burn slightly; (n.) a burn at the ends or edges synonyms: scorch, char, antonyms: incinerate

consolidate

(v.) to combine, unite; to make solid or firm Synonymy: merge, firm up, strengthen Antonyms: scatter, disperse, dissipate

loom

(v.) to come into view; to appear in exaggerated form; (n.) a machine for weaving synonyms: emerge, surface, hover, tower

dishearten

(v.) to discourage Synonyms: demoralize, dispirit Antonyms: encourage, heaarten

wince

(v.) to draw back suddenly, as though in pain or fear; (n.)the act of drawing back in this way Synonyms: (v) flinch, shudder Antonyms: ----------

goad

(v.) to drive or urge on; (n.) something used to drive or urge on synonyms: prod, spur on incite antonyms: curb, check, restrain

verify

(v.) to establish the truth or accuracy of, confirm synonyms: prove, validate, substantiate antonyms: disprove, discredit

trickle

(v.) to flow or fall by drops or in a small stream; (n.) a small irregular quantity of anything Synonyms:(v.) dribble, drizzle, drip (n.) small amount Antonyms: (v.) gush, pour, flood (n.) deluge

alight

(v.) to get down from, step down from; to come down from the air, to land; (adj.) lighted up Synonyms: (v.) dismount, land, touch down Antonyms: (v.) mount, board, take off

indulge

(v.) to give in to a wish or desire, give oneself up to synonyms: oblige, humor, coddle, pamper antonyms: deny, refuse

inflict

(v.) to give or cause something unpleasant, impose Synonyms: deal out, visit upon Antonyms: suffer, undergo, sustain

detest

(v.) to hate, dislike very much, loathe Synonymy- despise, abhor Antonym- relish, love, admire, esteem

mortify

(v.) to hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause Synonyms: embarrass, abash Antonyms: ----------

tamper

(v.) to interfere with; to handle in a secret and improper way Synonymy: fool with, mess with, monkey with Antonyms: -------

fluster

(v.) to make or become confused, agitated, or nervous; (n.) a state of confusion or agitation Synonymy- agitate, disconcert Antonym- reassure, soothe, quiet

Browse

(v.) to nibble, graze; to read carefully; to window-shop Synonyms: scan, dip into Anonymous: pore over, scrutinize

procure

(v.) to obtain through special effort; to bring about Synonyms: gain, achieve Antonyms: ---------

recompense

(v.) to pay back; to give a reward; (n.) a payment for loss, service, or injury Synonyms: (v.) repay; (n.) compensation Antonyms:

Frustrate

(v.) to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to cause feelings of discouragement Synonyms: foil, baffle, disappoint Anonymous: help, abet, assist

bewilder

(v.) to puzzle completely, confuse Synonyms: perplex, confound Antonyms: set straight, enlighten

culminate

(v.) to reach a high point of development; to end, climax synonyms: conclude, terminate antonyms:begin, initiate, kick off,

renovate

(v.) to repair, restore to good condition, make new again Synonyms: repair, recondition Antonyms: none

Eradicate

(v.) to root out, to get rid of, destroy completely Synonyms: uproot, abolish Anonymous: implant, install, foster, promote

dominate

(v.) to rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height Synonymy: govern, overlook Antonyms: ------

scurry

(v.) to run quickly, scamper, hurry Synonyms: rush, dash, scramble Antonyms: trudge, plod, creep, crawl

hurtle

(v.) to rush violently, dash headlong; to fling or hurl forcefully Synonyms: speed, fly, catapult, fling Antonyms: crawl, creep

insinuate

(v.) to suggest or hint slyly; to edge into something indirectly Synonyms: imply Antonyms: barge in, broadcast

presume

(v.) to take for granted, assume or suppose; to dare, take upon oneself, take liberties Synonymy- surmise, trespass, infringe

catastrophe

n. a large-scale disaster, misfortune, or failure Synonym - tragedy, cataclysm Antomyn - triumph, victory, success

incentive

n. a reason for doing something; something that stimilates action. Synonym - stimulus, spur, motive, inducement Antomyn - curb, check, restraint, hindrance

remnant

n. a small part remaning behind Synonym - remainder, residue, leftover

onslaught

n. a violent attack; a sudden rush of something Synonym - assault, charge, foray, onset

nub

n. the central point OR heart of a matter; a knob Synonym - Kernel, nucleus, crux Antomyn - fringe, periphery, edge

ordeal

noun - a difficult or painful experience, a trial synonyms - hardship, trauma antonyms- pleasure, cinch

bystander

noun - one who looks on or observes, a person present but not taking part synonyms - observer, onlooker antonyms- active participant

Vengeance

punishment in return for an injury (n) punishment in return for an injury or a wrong; unusual force or violence Synonyms: retaliation, reprisal Anonymous: forgiveness, pardon

Preview

something seen in advance (n.) something seen in advance; (v.) to view beforehand Synonyms: foretaste Anonymous: ------

Prominent

standing out so as to be easily seen (adj) standing out so as to be easily seen; important, well-known Synonyms: conspicuous, noticeable Anonymous: inconspicuous, unnoticeable, obscure

Reluctant

unwilling, holding back (adj.) unwilling, holding back Synonyms: hesitant, loath, disinclined Anonymous: willing, eager, inclined

decrease

v. to become OR make less n. a lessing Synonym - v. lessen, reduce, dwindle, diminish Antomyn - v. increase, grow, develop, wax

flourish

v. to grow,thrive,be prosperous; to wave in the air, n.a dramatic gestur; a fanfare or horns Synonym - v. prosper, burgeon, increase Antomyn - v. wither, die, fade, shrivel up

quench

v. to put out, extinguish, end Synonym - douse, stifle Antomyn - ignite, kindle

pervade

v. to spread throughout Synonym - permeate, diffuse, imbue

swerve

v. to turn aside sharply; n. a sharp OR sudden turn Synonym - v. digress, sheer off

capsize

v. to turn botom side up, upset Synonym - upend, tip over

ordain

v.to establish by law; to order or command; to appoint as a preist OR minister; to destine Synonym - anoint, consecrate, enact, decree Antomyn - forbid, veto, cancel

evict

v.to force out from a property, eject Synonym - oust, expel, kick out Antomyn - admit, insert

outstrip

v.to get ahead of; do bettter than;exceed Synonym - outdo, outperform, outdistance, surpass Antomyn - trail, lag behind

ratify

verb - to approve, give formal approval to, confirm synonyms - endorse, sanction antonyms- cancel, annul, veto

entice

verb - to attract, tempt synonyms - lure, lead on antonyms- nauseate, sicken, revolt, repel

persist

verb - to continue steadily in a course of action, refuse to stop or be changed; to last, remain synonyms - persevere, keep at it, endure antonyms-give up, discontinue

quibble

verb - to evade or belittle a point by twisting words or raising minor objections; noun - a petty object synonyms - (v) split hairs, cavil (n) squabble

canvass

verb - to go through an area in order to procure votes, sales, or opinions; to go over in detail; to discuss synonyms - survey, solicit antonyms- none

parch

verb - to make dry and thirsty; to shrivel with heat synonyms - dry up, dehydrate antonyms- soak, drench, saturate

stifle

verb - to smother, prevent from breathing; to hold back or choke off synonyms - strangle, suppress, snuff antonyms- nurture, promote, encourage

accelerate

verb - to speed up, cause to move faster; to bring about more quickly synonyms - step up, quicken, hasten antonyms- slow down, decelerate

flounder

verb - to thrash about in a clumsy or ineffective way synonyms - wallow, struggle

erode

verb - to wear away gradually, eat away synonyms - corrode, abrade antonyms- nurture, promote, encourage

Indispensable

( adj.) absolutely necessary, not to be neglected Synonyms: essential, crucial, vital Antonyms: unnecessary, nonessential

Transparent

( adj.) allowing light to pass through; easily recognized or understood; easily seen through or detected Synonyms: clear, translucent, obvious Antonyms: frosted, sooty, smoky, unclear, indistinct

Indignant

( adj.) filled with resentment or anger over unjust, unworthy, or mean Synonyms: offended, resentful, outraged, exasperated Antonyms: pleased, delighted, overjoyed, elated

Available

( adj.) ready for use, at hand Synonyms: obtainable, on hand Antonyms: unobtainable, not to be had

Mutual

( adj.) shared, felt, or shown quality shown by two or more Synonyms: two-sided, joint, shared, reciprocal Antonyms: one-decided, unilateral

Customery

( adj.) usual, expected, routine Synonyms: regular, normal, traditional Antonyms: strange, odd, unusual, untraditional

Unscathed

( adj.) wholly unharmed, not injured Synonyms: unhurt, sound, intact, unimpaired Antonyms: injured, damaged, harmed, hurt

Poised

( adj., part.) balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action Synonyms: (adj.) collected, self-confident, ready Antonyms: (adj.) nervous, tense

Regime

( n.) a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule Synonyms: administration, rule

Indifference

( n.) a lack of interest or concern Synonyms: apathy, unconcern Antonyms: interest, concern, enthusiasm

Entrepreneur

( n.) a person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business Synonyms: businessperson, impresario

Firebrand

( n.) a piece of burning wood; a troublemaker; an extremely energetic or emotional person Synonyms: hothead, agitator, rabble-rouser Antonyms: peacemaker, pacifier, conciliator

Plague

( n.) an easily spread disease causing a large number if deaths; a widespread evil;(v.) to annoy or bother Synonyms: (n.) epidemic, pestilence; (v.) pester, vex Antonyms: (n.) boon, blessing

Hazard

( n.) risk, peril;( v.) to expose to danger or harm; to gamble Synonyms: (n.) danger; (v.) venture

Homicide

( n.) the killing of one person by another Synonyms: manslaughter, murder

Lubricate

( v.) to apply grease; to make smooth, slippery, or easier to use Synonyms: oil, grease

Hinder

( v.) to delay; to stop or prevent from happening

Dissuade

( v.) to persuade not to do something Synonyms: discourage, talk out of Antonyms: persuade, talk into

Cater

( v.) to satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service Synonyms: pamper, indulge, gratify, provide Antonyms: frustrate, deny, refuse

Pelt

( v.) to throw a stream of things; to strike successively; to hurry' Synonyms: bombard, shower, pepper

Quaint

add or old-fashioned in a pleasing way (adj.) odd or old-fashioned in a pleasing way; clever, ingenious; skillfully made Synonyms: picturesque, peculiar, strange, curious Anonymous: familiar, commonplace, modern, contemporary

prudent

adj. cautious, careful, showing good sense Synonym - wary, judicious Antomyn - foolish, unwise, rash

insubordinate

adj. disobedient, rebellious Synonym - defiant, unruly, mutinous Antomyn - obedient, submissive, docile, tractable

legible

adj. easily read Synonym - clear, decipherable Antomyn - unreadable, indecipherable

simultaneous

adj. happening OR existing at the same time Synonym - occurring at the same time, concurrent Antomyn - occurring at different times

disputatious

adj. inclined to argue OR debate; provoking debate Synonym- argumentative, quarrelsome, contentious Antomyn - nonargumentative, peaceable, pacific

abnormal

adj. not usual,not typical, strange Synonym- freakish, unnatural, irregular, anomalous Antomyn - normal, usual, regular, typical

casual

adjective - happening by chance or on an irregular basis; showing little concern; informal synonyms - haphazard, offhand antonyms-formal, serious, premeditated

vital

adjective - having life, living; necessary to life, essential; key, crucial synonyms - indispensable, fundamental antonyms- nonessential, unnecessary

gruesome

adjective - horrible, revolting, ghastly synonyms - gory, hideous antonyms- pleasant, delightful, appealing

graphic

adjective - lifelike, vivid; relating to the pictorial arts synonyms - colorful, descriptive antonyms- dull, boring, unrealistic, colorless

puny

adjective - of less than normal strength or size; of no importance synonyms - undersized, pint-size, small, weak antonyms- robust, brawny, mammoth, gigantic

regal

adjective - royal, kinglike; fit for a king synonyms - majestic, stately, princely, august antonyms- lowly, humble, abject, servile

melancholy

adjective - sad, gloomy, unhappy; noun - sadness, gloominess synonyms - (adj) depressed, dejected (n) dejection, depression antonyms- (adj) merry, happy, cheerful (n) joy, elation

downtrodden

adjective - treated unfairly and cruelly, oppressed synonyms - mistreated, ground underfoot antonyms- uplifted, liberated

Makeshift

a temporary substitute for something else (n.) a temporary substitute for something else; (adj.) crude, flimsy, or temporary Synonyms: stopgap, improvisation Anonymous: permanent, durable, solid, sturdy

constituent

an essential part, a voter who elects a representative in our district synonyms: element, component

Utmost

greatest, highest, farthest (adj.) greatest, highest, farthest; (n.) the extreme limit Synonyms: supreme, best Anonymous: least

Scrimp

to handle very economically or stingily (v) to handle very economically or stingily; to supply in a way that is small, short, or scanty Synonyms: economize Anonymous: splurge

hanker

to long for, to desire synonyms: yearn

Prescribe

to order as a rule or course to be followed (v) to order as a rule or course to be followed; to order for medical purpose Synonyms: specify, appoint Anonymous: -------

Snare

to trap, catch (v.) to trap, catch; (n.) a trap or entanglement Synonyms: (n.) pitfall (v.) supreme Anonymous: liberate

Pending

waiting to be settled (adj.) waiting to be settled; (prep.) until Synonyms: unsettled, unfinished Anonymous: settled, decided, resolved