VTA 170 Test 1 practice

Acceptable low heart rate

-70 bpm = large dog -80 bpm = small dog -100 bpm = cats

Autoclaved instruments that have been placed in paper or plastic peel-back pouches and heat sealed can be stored for

1 year

Acceptable upper limits heart rate

180 bpm = large dog 200 bpm = small dog 220 bpm = cats

A 27 kg patient would need what size rebreathing bag?

2L

To ensure most accurate blood pressure reading, the cuff should be what percentage of the width of the limb?

40 %

MAP should never be allowed to drop below

60 mm Hg

MAP should be maintained above ____ while the patient is under anesthesia.

70 mm Hg

Normal MAP in awake animals

85-120 mm Hg

Ideally the surgery room is

A sperate room ised only for surgery

What information is included in the patients signalment?

Age, gender, breed

What is the purpose of premeditating a P before inducing anesthesia for surgery? A. To provide a smooth transition to anesthesia B. To provide preemptive analgesia C. To facilitate a smooth recovery from anesthesia. D. All of the above

All of the above

The ability to feel pain while still conscious

Analgesia

Loss of feeling or awareness

Anesthesia

Anticholinergic drugs

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate Administered to help maintain the heart rate above acceptable lower limits.

The suction tip best used to remove large amounts of bone graft material intraoperatively?

Bone curette

Why is it important for ratchets to remain locked when the jaw is closed? A. The instrument needs to be reliable mechanism of holing the target tissue ( e.g, pedicle) or item (e.g suture needle). B. If the ratchet do not remain locked, complications (suture needle)

Both a and B

Why should the patients identity be verified? A. To avoid anesthetizing the wrong patient B. To avoid performing surgery on the wring patient

Both a and b

Why are leading questions inappropriate to ask during the history taking? A. They make the owner feel compelled to answer a certain way. B. They may encourage the owner to answer inaccurately

Both a and b.

What are some safe techniques for preventing hypothermia in small surgical patients? A. Circulating warm water pads C. Snuggle safe discs

Both a and c

Which of the following is true regarding positioning patients on the surgery table? B. Bony prominences should be cushioned to protect against excessive compression C. The patients legs should not be forced into unnatural anatomical alignment.

Both b and c

Which monitoring device measures exhaled CO2 levels?

Capnometer

Hypotension can be caused by

Cardiac insufficiency

When the rebreathing bag is being squeezed to ventilate the patient manually, the pop off valve needs to be

Closed and then opened aftering giving a breath

What can be done to help prevent a deep chested dog from tilting to the side while in dorsal recumbency? A. Using a v trough B. Braving the chest with sand bags C. Tying the forelegs crossed over the chest D. All of the above

D

What position is the patient placed in on the surgery table for thoracic surgery? A. Dorsal recumbency B. Right lateral recumbency C. Left lateral recumbency D. Any of the above may be appropriate

D

Which of the following contributes to hypothermia in the anesthetized patient? A. Anesthetized patient B. The surgical prep C. Administering room temperature intravenous fluids D. All of the above

D

Which of the following should be performed on the day of the surgery? A. A thorough exam B. Review of the P medical Hx with O C. Verbal review of the consent form and obtaining a signed consent for anesthesia and surgery. D. All of the above

D

Why is it important to review all medications and supplements that a patient is taking before beginning the surgery? A. To avoid possible drug interactions B. To know whether other diagnostic tests are indicated? C. To make any necessary adjustments to the anesthetic protocol D. All the above

D

Why is it important to use surgical instruments only for their designed purpose? A. To avoid damaging them B. To protect their useful life C. The high-quality instruments are expensive D. All of the above

D

What needs to be done to the patient after the hair clip and before the patient is moved into the surgery suite? A. Vacuum the clipped hair and clipped area of skin B. Check to see whether the bladder needs expressing C. Perform initial scrub D. All of the above

D.

Which of the following should be assessed during the history taking? A. Patients attitude and mental status B. Patients previous medical problems and treatments C. Patients ability to see and hear D. All of the above

D.

Which class of drugs causes muscle rigidity?

Dissociative anesthetics

Ringed instruments should be held with the rings:

Distal to the first knuckle of both the thumb and ring finger

What position is the patient placed in for abdominal exploratory surgery?

Dorsal recumbency

Which of the following contributes to hypothermia in the anesthetize patient? A. Anesthetic induced muscle relaxation B. The surgical prep using water and alcohol C. Administering room temperature IV fluids D. Breathing cold gases from compressed cylinders E. All of the above

E

How frequently should physiologic parameters be recorded in the anesthesia log during a surgery?

Every 5 minutes

The scrub area is used for storage of surgical supplies

F

Anesthesia (as provided by gas anesthetics) provide multimodal analgesia. T/F

False

Anticholinergics such as a glycopyrrolate and atropine increase the heart rate and provide purely beneficial effects for the patient. T/F

False

Chlorhexidine scrub or solution can be used as the final sterile surgical pain. T/F

False

For orthopedic surgeries of the extremity only the side of the limb to be incised needs to be clipped and prepped? T/F

False

It is appropriate to premeditate a patient with a premeditating cardiovascular disease with xylazine. T/F

False

Surgical procedures are described using physiologic terms combined with root words

False

The first spray of the final prep of the final prep should be directly over the incision site. T/F

False

When scrubbing the skin of the intended surgical site, sufficient friction should be generated to cause hyperemia. T/F

False

Perpendicular to long axis of body, caudal to last rib.

Flank incision

Part of the anesthetic machine that receives medical gases from the pressure regulator

Flow meter

Crushing instrument used to clamp blood vessels

Hemostatic forceps

Which tactic may stop a cat from purring during thoracic auscultation?

Holding the cat near a sink or faucet, with or without running water

Hypotension in an anesthetized patient may be caused by

Hypovolemia, cardiac insufficiency, excessive vasodilation, anesthetic depth.

A surgical consent form includes which of the following?

Indentificatuin of the P, the specific provedures to be performed along with the potential risks to the patient, and the physicians who will perform the procedures and the signature of the owner consenting to the procedures.

Of the procedures listed below, which should be scheduled as the first of the day?

Knee replacement

Pulses can be monitored at which following arteries?

Lingual, femoral, carotid, dorsal metatarsal, digital

A pressure gauge for comparing pressure of a gas

Manometer

All of the following are goals of balanced anesthesia except which?

Maximize the liklihood of allergic reactions

Used when all lung fields need to be visualized

Median sternotomy

Which scissors is finer and more lightweight and therefore used on delicate tissues?

Metzenbaum

Which scissors is finer and lightweight and therefore used on delicate tissues?

Metzenbaums

Why should taking the patients temperature be saved for the end of the physical examination?

Most animals dislike having their temp taken rectalky, and it is easier to perform a PE on a cooperative patient; taking the temp early during the PEbmay make the P uncooperative for the rest of the examination.

A drug that produces numbness or stupor

Narcotic

Grasp and manipulate curved needles

Needle holders

Which valve slows for room air to enter the anesthesia system if negative pressure is detectected in the system.

Negative preasure release valve

Which valve allows for room air to enter the anesthesia system if negative pressure is detected in the system?

Negative-pressure valve

Pain results from the stimulation of nerve endings called

Nociceptors

Why does an orthopedic clip and prep of an extremity need to include a circumferential clip around the entire limb.

None of the above So the surgeon can manipulate the limb with mout contaminating.

Of the following needle holders, which have scissors included in the jaws?

Olsen-hegar

Which of the following provide multimodal anesthesia?

Opioids, NSAIDs, loval anesthetic agents and a2 adrenergic agonists

The minimum database (MDB) for a young healthy feline P having elective surgery would most likely include which of the following diagnostic tests?

PCV/TS, estimate of BUN, BG, ALT

Which reflex significantly diminishes or is absent when the patient enters the surgical plane of anesthesia?

Palpebral

Parallel to last rib

Paracostal incision

Which of the following scalpel blade grips allow for a finer, more precise incision?

Pencil

Which of the following scalpel blade grips allows for a finer, more precise incision?

Pencil

Which of the following surgical procedures may create challenges for monitoring the patient because of patient positioning?

Perineal urethrostomy

Sterile preparation of the surgical site begins after transportation and ___________ of the animal on the operating table.

Positioning

The basic principles of pain management involves which of the following.

Premotive analgesia, multimodal analgesia, and appropriate follow up analgesia

The ___________ area is used for storage of surgical supplies.

Preparation

Procedures classified as "dirty" or non sterile are usually performed in the

Preparation areas

Which part the anesthesia machine indicates the amount of pressure in the system?

Pressure manometer

A ___________ is a monitoring device used to detect changes in oxygen saturation

Pulse ox

Used to retract tissue and improve exposure

Retractors

A mild to profound degree of CNS depression in which the patient is drowsy but may be aroused by painful stimuli

Sedation

Organic non-absorbable suture is available made of ______ or ________.

Silk or cotton

A change in which wave of an electrocardiograph is likely when myocardial hypoxia is occurring?

T

Which of the following is the next step after the patient has been induced with anesthesia and the intended surgical site has been clipped as had initial prep performed?

The patient is moved to the surgery room and is positioned in and secured to the surgery table and the final prep is performed.

Clamp and hold tissue and blood vessels

Tissue forceps

The lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied

Total volume

A state of relaxation and calmness characterized by a lack of anxiety or concern without significant drowsiness

Tranquilization

Central venous pressure measurements require that a central line be placed

True

Hospital acquired infections are called nosocomial infections

True

It is accepted practice to scrub a patient initially with a providing-iodine product. T/F

True

Peripheral catheters generally suffice for short time use and central lines are more appropriate for long term vascular access (>3 days).

True

The Balfour retractor is a self retaining retractor that is frequently used during abdominal exploratory procedures. T/F

True

When the sterility of an item is in question, always consider it contaminated.

True

What part of the anesthesia machine converts the liquid anesthetic into gas anesthetic?

Vaporizer

Frequency of breathing multiplied by the volume of each breath; it maintains normal concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveolar gas and, through the process of diffusion, also maintains normal partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood flowing from the capillaries

Ventilation

Offers excellent exposure of entire abdominal cavity

Ventral midline incision

The term __________ virulence refers to the ability of an organism to cause disease.

Virulence

When might a disruption of negative pressure exist in the anesthesia system?

When the ocygen source is depleted

Why is it important to confirm that the pop off valve is completely open after the anesthesia machine and circuit are checked for leaks?

When the patient is connected to the anesthesia machine with the poo off valve closes the patient wont be able to exhale.