VTNE Prep - Mixed Questions #9

Which of the following specific gravity concentrations would be expected in a healthy, hydrated, 4-year-old Labrador patient? A) 1.040 B) 1.010 C) 1.000 D) 1.005

A) 1.040 1.000 = pure, distilled water Isosthenuria = 1.008-1.012; indicate nephrons are not working (neither concentrating nor diluting urine)

An anesthetized dog that has a respiratory rate less than ___ should be reported to the veterinarian. A) 6 bpm B) 10 bpm C) 4 bpm D) 15bpm

A) 6 bpm Normal RR under anesthesia = 8-20bpm Anything under 6bpm should be reported

What size of electrical clipper blade is most commonly used for removing the hair from a surgical site? A) No. 40 B) No. 30 C) No. 10 D) No. 20

A) No. 40 Cuts hair shortest to the skin possible

What is a myofascial trigger point (MTrP)? A) a hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a palpable nodule in a taut band B) a muscle spasm that causes intense pain C) a "jump sign" D) none of the above

A) a hyperirritable spot in the skeletal muscle that is associated with a palpable nodule in a taut band

A patient that was hit by a car and has multiple pelvic features has not urinated in more than 24 hours. One may suspect the cause of anuria to be: A) a ruptured urinary bladder B) renal failure C) urethral calculi D) severe dehydration

A) a ruptured urinary bladder

Which of the following is the correct dental term/definition describing a tooth surface? A) distal: farthest from the midline B) mesial: farthest from the midline C) distal: nearest the midline D) mesial: nearest the front

A) distal: farthest from the midline Mesial = closest to the midline

Dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple facing: A) up and pointing rostrally B) down and pointing rostrally C) up and pointing caudally D) down and pointing caudally

A) up and pointing rostrally Dimple is located on the convex (raised) side of the film 2 rules to placement: 1) dot should face the incident beam (up) 2) dot should face forward in the mouth (rostrally)

A 1-L sample contains: A) 10mL B) 1000mL C) 100mL D) 1mL

B) 1000mL

Which of the following is considered a tick-borne organism found in dogs? A) Isospora B) Ehrlichia C) Toxoplasma D) Cryptosporidium

B) Ehrlichia All other options are protozoan parasites: Isospora = Coccidia Toxoplasma = Giardia Cryptosporidium = Crypto

Moist wound healing: A) has no effect on healing B) enhances wound healing C) slows wound healing D) increases the bacterial contamination of the wound

B) enhances wound healing Pink, moist tissue is good; fresh blood brings new & healthy cells

A ferret presents to the emergency clinic for anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, and generalized weakness. The owner stated that these symptoms started 36 hours earlier. A GI foreign body is suspected. Which of the following diagnostics would be useful? A) complete blood count B) radiography C) chemistry panel D) magnetic resonance imaging

B) radiography

Which of the following instruments should be used to reduce the crown of sharp canine teeth? A) elevators B) small files C) nippers D) cutters

B) small files

8 oz is equal to approximately: A) 2.27kg B) 454g C) 227,200mg D) 227mg

C) 227,200mg 1lb = 16oz 8oz = 0.5lb = 0.2272kg = 227,200mg

What is the standard dose of lidocaine that should be administered as a loading dose before starting a lidocaine CRI? (2 correct answers) A) 0.2mg/kg IV B) no loading dose is needed C) 2mg/kg IV D) 1mg/kg IV

C) 2mg/kg IV and D) 1mg/kg IV *depends on who you ask A loading dose is ALWAYS necessary; otherwise therapeutic blood levels won't be achieved 0.2mg/kg IV is must too low

What is the size of a scalpel blade used for declawing a cat? A) No. 10 B) No. 11 C) No. 12 D) No. 15

C) No. 12 No. 10 = general purpose No. 11 = fine point No. 12 = declawing No. 15 = ophthalmic

Which of the following is the most common sign of a blood transfusion reaction? A) tachycardia B) seizure C) fever D) vomiting

C) fever Pyrexia, resulting from immune system's response

What does the term hypostatic congestion mean? A) leakage of fluid into the chest B) accumulation of mucus in the trachea C) pooling of blood in the dependent lung D) pooling of ingot in one area of the gastrointestinal tract

C) pooling of blood in the dependent lung

Which metric conversion is not correct? A) 520mg = 0.52g B) 3500mL = 3.5L C) 750cc = 0.75L D) 950mcg = 9.5mg

D) 950mcg = 9.5mg 950mcg = 0.95mg

What test is used for the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia? A) Latex agglutination test B) Coggins test C) intradermal testing D) Coombs test

D) Coombs test Latex agglutination test = detects Ag/Ab in various bodily fluids Coggins test = test for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) Intradermal testing = allergy testing

Of the following procedures, which is not an indication for an epidural block? A) tibial fracture B) Cesarean section C) cruciate ligament repair D) TECA procedure

D) TECA procedure TECA = total ear canal ablation epidurals block the caudal half of the animal

Which of the following could be considered as negative-contrast agents used in radiography? A) carbon dioxide B) oxygen C) air D) all the above

D) all the above

Which of the following are considered as types of chemical bonds? A) covalent bonds B) ionic bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) all the above

D) all the above Covalent bonds = sharing of e- pairs b/w atoms Ionic bonds = complete transfer of valence e- b/w atoms Hydrogen bonds = electrostatic attraction b/w P+ in one molecule & e- in another; weakest bond

Which of the following options are best suited for rinsing a mouth before a dental prophy? A) 50% diluted ampicillin solution B) 10% diluted betadine solution C) there is not need to rinse a mouth prior to prophylaxis, but rinsing should be done following the procedure D) chlorhexidine gluconate

D) chlorhexidine gluconate