VTPB 405 Ch.9 Final Review
d
A computer program recognizes an ORF by looking for ribosomal binding ites, start codons, and stop codons with an appropriate number of nucleotides between each element. What is a drawback of this approach? -codon bias causes incorrect annotations -we lack the computing power to complete the analyses in a timely manner, thus many genomes are only partially annotated -too many ORFs are identified, most of which are stretches on non-coding junk DNA -legitimate genes and non-coding RNA may be missed
b
An open reading frame (ORF) encodes for -a carbohydrate -a polypeptide -a carbohydrate or a polypeptide -a lipid
c
Gene duplication is thought to have had a significant influence on the evolution of microbes because__. -the duplicated gene can serve as a "back-up"copy -the duplicated gene can allow for increased transcription and synthesis of the gene product -the duplicated gene can be mutated, possibly leading to a useful new gene function or product, while the original copy can still perform its original (and possibly essential) genetic function -the duplicated gene can be given away to another organism by conjugation
b
Gene function is annotated based on homology between the ORFs of a genome and proteins whose function has been proven experimentally. What -omic approach could help us determine the function and structure of proteins encoded by uncharacterized ORFs? -transcriptomics -proteomics -metabolomics -metagenomics
c
Genes from different sources that are related in sequence due to shared evolutionary ancestry are called ___ genes, and groups of such genes are known as __. -homologous/ functional genes -orthologous/ gene families -homologous/gene families -paralogous/ functional genes
False
Horizontally tranfered genes typically encode essential metabolic functions such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
c
In Sanger sequencing and in many newer sequencing techniques, labeled precursors are used. What are these precursors? -RNA -fluorescent dyes -primers or nucleotides that will be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA -DNA polymerase
c
The genome sequence of an organism can provide information about the organism's __. -function, size, and evolutionary history -function, evolutionary history, and morphology -genes, function, and evolutionary history -genes, size, and function
d
The pan genome of a species is the genomic content that is -common to all strains of the same species -shared with all other prokaryotes -hypothetical or uncharacterized genome content of a species -present in one or more strains of the same species
