Water Soluble Vitamins for Test 3

Indigestion, Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death

Symptoms of Pellagra

Meats, grains, legumes, Pork is very good source

Thiamin Sources

Riboflavin forms active coenzymes that do all the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. participate in the citric acid cycle. c. relay signals between nerve cells. d. assist with energy production from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. e. function as electron carriers.

c. relay signals between nerve cells

Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet. Select one: a. vitamin C b. no answer is correct c. thiamin d. niacin e. riboflavin

c. Thiamin

The ____________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body. Select one: a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. no answer is correct e. large intestine

c. small intestine

Coenzyme in energy metabolism of carbs. Used in citric acid cycle

B1, Thiamin Functions

Healthy blood cells, healthy nerve tissue, necessary for iron absorption

B12 Functions

Coenzyme in energy metabolism; oxidation-reduction reactions; supports antioxidants; easily destroyed by UV light

B2, riboflavin functions

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism

B3, Niacin functions

Needed everywhere in the body and is very rarely a deficiency

B5 Pantothenic Acid

Amino Acid metabolism, transamination, Deamination, Decarboxylation

B6, Pyrodoxine Functions

coenzyme in energy metabolism, avidin binds to this. Deficiency is uncommon but can happen (don't ear raw eggs)

B7, Biotin Function

Required for DNA synthesis and assists in red blood cell development. E.g. Green leafy vegies, eggs and poultry

B9 Folate

All animal products

Best sources of B12

Widespread in foods

Best sources of Pantothenic Acid

liver, egg yolk, yogurt, nuts

Biotin sources

Lack of animal products in diet(Vegan), Lack of intrinsic factor, absorption problems

Causes of B12 deficiency

Macrocytic Anemia (Cells cannot divide normally), can increase risk of heart disease and cancer

Folate deficiency

Needed during pregnancy to limit risk of neural tube defects.

Folate specialties

Which food is the best source of folate? Select one: a. Brown rice b. Beef, home grown c. Lentils d. Chicken, farm raised e. Cheese

Lentils

Pellagra

Niacin Deficiency

Anemia, Neurological problems, alcoholics have increased need for this vitamin

Pyrodoxine deficiency symptoms

Ariboflavinosis: Inflammation of the mouth and tongue as well as cracking of tissue

Riboflavin Deficiency

Milk

Riboflavin best source

Required for collagen production, antioxidant, promotes iron absorption, AA metabolism, can donate electrons, good for wound healing, can reduce severity and duration of colds

Vitamin C Functions

Scurvy (Bleeding gums and lost of teeth)

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms

Low folate status increases the risk of: Select one: a. heart disease. b. renal dysfunction. c. type 1 diabetes. d. low folate status increases the risk of all of these. e. no answer is correct.

a. Heart disease

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to: Select one: a. light. b. oxygen. c. no answer is correct . d. acid. e. vitamin C.

a. light

Pantothenic acid is abundant in: Select one: a. sunflower seeds. b. apples. c. pantothenic acid is abundant in all of these foods. d. pantothenic acid is not abundant in any of these foods. e. raw spinach.

a. sunflower seeds

Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies? Select one: a. Biotin b. Folic acid c. Riboflavin d. No answer is correct e. B12

b. Folic acid

Why might milk sold in clear bottles be low in riboflavin? Select one: a. Riboflavin is sensitive to ingredients used in manufacturing clear glass bottles. b. The riboflavin in milk can be destroyed by exposure to light. c. Clear glass bottles keep the milk at a lower temperature. d. No answer is correct. e. The glass in the bottles interacts with the riboflavin found in milk.

b. The riboflavin in milk can be destroyed by exposure to light

High folate intake may: Select one: a. cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. b. mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage. c. cause acne. d. no answer is correct. e. increase the incidence of colon cancer.

b. mask a vitamin b12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage

Why might consuming raw eggs cause a biotin deficiency? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. The fat in raw egg yolks blocks the absorption of biotin. c. Cooking eggs liberates the bound biotin increasing its bioavailability. d. Avidin in egg whites binds biotin and prevents its absorption. e. The cholesterol in egg yolks destroys the biotin in eggs.

d. Avidin in egg whites binds biotin and prevents its absorption

Vitamin B6 is NOT involved in which physiologic process? Select one: a. Hemoglobin synthesis b. Formation of non-essential amino acids c. Formation of white blood cells important for immunity d. Collagen formation e. Vitamin B6 is involved in all of these physiological processes

d. Collagen Formation

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a major function of vitamin C in the body? Select one: a. Protection against damage from free radicals b. Enhancing iron absorption c. Formation of collagen d. Facilitating release of energy from glucose e. No answer is correct, all of these are recognized as major functions of vitamin C in the body

d. Facilitating release of energy from glucose

Which physiologic process requires vitamin B12? Select one: a. No answer is correct b. Activation of niacin c. Division of red blood cells d. Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission e. Synthesis of proteins

d. Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission

A person consuming a diet deficient in dairy products but otherwise adequate, would have the most difficulty obtaining sufficient amounts of which vitamin? Select one: a. Vitamin K b. Iron c. Niacin d. Riboflavin e. Vitamin C

d. Riboflavin

How is vitamin B6 associated with heart disease? Select one: a. Vitamin B6 reduces the blockages found in the blood vessels. b. Vitamin B6 promotes the formation of HDL-cholesterol. c. Vitamin B6 removes the LDL-cholesterol from the body. d. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine. e. No answer is correct, vitamin B6 is not associated with heart disease.

d. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine

The symptom(s) of thiamin deficiency best explained by its role in glucose metabolism are: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. atherosclerosis. c. paralysis. d. depression and weakness. e. hunger.

d. depression and weakness

Why is folic acid supplementation recommended for women of child bearing age? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Since folic acid is poorly absorbed, additional intake is recommended. c. Folic acid deficiency results from insufficient milk intake. d. All women of child bearing age experience folic acid deficiency. e. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects.

e. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects

What is true about vitamin B6? Select one: a. Vitamin B6 is absent from both fortified grains and breakfast cereals. b. No answer is correct. c. Vitamin B6 is stable during cooking. d. Vitamin B6 is found in only in animal food sources. e. Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism.

e. Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism

Which is the FALSE statement regarding vitamin C? Select one: a. Vitamin C may decrease the duration of the common cold. b. Vitamin C supplements are unlikely to cause toxicity. c. Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant. d. People prone to developing certain types of kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplementation. e. Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop.

e. Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop