Water/water pollution

Which of the following choices best describes the processes by which Earth's ocean gained its dissolved compounds

Weathering and runoff

Excessive extraction of groundwater within proximity to saline ecosystems can lead to

saltwater intrusion

What can be inferred from the graph above of wild capture fisheries harvest over the last 60 years

the majority of capture comes from organisms found in the middle of the water column

Greywater BEST describes

used water from household or business activities

The city of New York has chosen to protect the area of upstate New York in the Catskill Region as it provides naturally filtered water to the millions of residents of Manhattan and other boroughs. This protected region is best known as a(n)

watershed

Circulation patterns observed in the ocean's surface waters are driven by

wind

The EPA limits hexavalent chromium to 0.1 ppm in the water supply. However, most people do not understand the ppm measurement. What is 0.1 ppm expressed as a percentage

0.00001%

According to the graph, what is the approximate ANNUAL growth rate of China's aquaculture seafood production from 1990-2010?

20%

According to the graph, what was the total percent increase in Indonesia's aquaculture production from 2005-2014?

250%

What is the percentage of water on Earth that is freshwater?

3%

The density of water is greatest at which of the following temperatures

4 degrees Celsius

Which is the CORRECT sequence of events for human-induced water pollution 1. Increased BOD 2. Fish die off 3. Algal bloom 4. Hypoxia 5.Increase in nutrient load

5, 3, 1,4,2

Of all the water resources on Earth, what percentage is saline

97%

What percentage of Earth's water is stored in the ocean

97%

One popular attraction in Austin, Texas is a spring-fed swimming area called Barton Springs Pool. The pool is fed by the Barton Spring which is fed by the Edwards Aquifer. Since the 1980's, the pool is occasionally closed due to high bacteria levels. Which is the BEST explanation for the source of bacterial contamination

A housing development with septic systems was built in the Barton Creek watershed.

Which of the following defines hydroponics?

A method of growing plants using nutrient solutions without soil

Which of the following is a component of the primary sewage treatment process

A sedimentation tank

Homeowners are concerned about the recent mass deaths of aquatic life such as minnows, walleyes, perch and trout in the pond that their properties surround. The mass deaths typically occur shortly after the pond experiences an algal bloom. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for the rapid decrease in aquatic life

After the algal bloom reaches carrying capacity decomposers rapidly consume all of the oxygen in the pond.

Of the following organisms, which species would NOT be considered "bycatch" when utilizing drift net fishing

Bluefin Tuna

All of the following are used to catch pelagic species EXCEPT

Bottom trawling

What is the most common method for harvesting flounder and cod

Bottom trawling

Which type of commercial fishing practice can destroy benthic habitats

Bottom trawling

The image below shows a porpoise trapped in fishing net. This situation can occur with the use of drift nets to catch tuna.Which of the following fishing terms best identifies this problem?

Bycatch

Why is it difficult to remove pharmaceuticals from water supplies

Current technology does not allow for the removal of all pharmaceuticals from the water.

Which of the following correctly describes the main reasons for freshwater withdrawals in the United States (surface water and groundwater combined), in order from the greatest to least amount of water withdrawn annually

Energy production, irrigation, then public water supplies

United States Fisheries are directly regulated by all of the following agencies EXCEPT

Environmental Protection Agency

When testing waterways for contamination with fecal matter, which pathogen is often used as an indicator species

Escherichia coli

A variety of human activities such as agriculture and wastewater treatment processes introduce large amounts of nutrients into our waterways. What do we call the addition of excess nutrients to a body of water

Eutrophication

In 2015, the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico was larger than expected and covered over six thousand square miles. What causes the Gulf of Mexico's Dead Zone

Eutrophication

Which of the following is CORRECT about pollution prevention methods as shown in the landfill diagram

Ground water monitoring is necessary to ensure that liquid byproducts of decomposition do not reach aquifers

The climate of most of eastern North America is thought to be moderated by which warm current of the North Atlantic Gyre

Gulf Stream

What causes red tide?

Harmful algal blooms.

In parts of the country with old sewage systems, storm waters often exceed the capacity of the wastewater treatment facility. During these periods, the facility is allowed to discharge untreated human sewage directly into a river. Which of the following is of LEAST concern when dumping human wastewater into a rive

Human wastewater contains pharmaceuticals.

The salinity of freshwater must be

Less than .1 %

If conditions remain constant, what is the largest annual catch of a particular species that can be harvested without long-term depletion of fisheries

Maximum sustainable yield

The circulation of surface ocean water that includes the strong northward movement of upper warm waters in the Gulf Stream is known as the

North Atlantic gyre

What is the name of the largest aquifer on Earth located in the western part of the United States

Ogallala Aquifer.

Which substance is NOT removed by wastewater treatment facilities

Pharmaceuticals

On April 20, ​2010, an explosion rocked the Deepwater Horizon offshore​ oil platform owned by BP oil. This began a leak that would span four months and spill 210 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Which of the following consequences was the result of the Deepwater Horizon environmental disaster

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons caused heart deformities in tuna and amberjacks.

According to the image, in which stage of the wastewater treatment process would large particles and grit be targeted for removal

Pretreatment.

During sewage treatment, what is the solid matter that settles out of the wastewater

Sludge

Pebble Mine is a proposed project to mine a large deposit of gold, copper, and molybdenum in Bristol Bay, Alaska. There are a number of environmental concerns about this project, including the impact on one particular anadromous fish species. Which of the following species is at GREATEST risk

Sockeye salmon

The highest salinity surface water would be expected in which climate zone

Subtropical

Which of the following is the BEST example of aquaculture

The Japanese cultured pearl industry

Which of the following statements is correct in regards to the deep ocean circulation of water in the ocean

The deep ocean circulation of water is called the ocean conveyor belt and is caused by the differences in temperature and salinity

What is the primary reason why the Colorado River no longer drains to the Gulf of California

There is major diversion of water flow due to dams and human consumption

Which is NOT a law that regulates clean water

Toxic Substances Control Act.

The west coast of major continents supports five of the most productive marine fisheries in the world. Which of the following BEST explains this phenomenon?

Upwellings support the most productive fisheries

Which of the following is NOT a nonpoint-source of pollution

Warm water discharged from a manufacturing facility

In a sewage treatment facility, the function of the aeration tank is to

allow microorganisms to digest remaining dissolved solids in the water after they pass through the secondary clarifier.

An underground zone or body of earth material from which groundwater can be extracted is known as

aquifer

Surface water would include all of the following EXCEPT

aquifer

The diagram shows fish kills linked to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Based on the lettered locations of fish kills, which of the following is FALSE regarding HABs

are problematic because they often contaminate the drinking water supplies of large cities near letter B

The following are examples of non-point source pollution EXCEPT

ballast water discharge.

Scientists can determine if a waterway is contaminated with raw sewage by testing for the presence of

coliform bacteria

Acid rain can cause all of the following EXCEPT

decreased air quality.

The impacts of thermal aquatic pollution can result in all EXCEPT

decreased respiration rates of organisms

All of the following can influence ocean currents EXCEPT

large schools of migratory fish.

Benefits associated with aquaculture include all of the ​following EXCEPT

low impacts on local ecosystem

The data in this graph can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT

overfishing continues to be a problem due to technologies like vessel monitoring systems, which use satellites to track fishing vessel movements and improve fishing regulations