Weak Spots - Gross

In addition to evidence (theory and research) which of the following factors influence decision-making in clinical practice.

1. Physician's experience and judgment 2. Patient's preferences and values 3. Clinical or patient's circumstances

The average per-capita use of water each day in the U.S.

120-150 gallons

Under the Clean Water Act guidelines discussed in class water is considered safe for swimming if water samples tested contain _______ or fewer per 100 ml sample of water.

2,300 coliforms

When testing municipal water supplies the 1990 amendment to the clean water act requires what percentage of the water samples tested to be free of coliform bacteria?

95%

MADD

AA, and SADD are examples of, Voluntary health agencies

What is the number one drug problem in the United States?

Alcohol

Which statement explains how nutrient-rich runoff can cause waters to become so hypoxic as to lead to major fish kills?

Algae and cyanobacteria flourish on the nutrients in the run-off. Heterotrophic microbes then flourish on the organic molecules produced by these organisms, using oxygen in the process. This consumption of oxygen leads to a hypoxic state in the area. Larger animals cannot survive in the hypoxic are

As discussed in class which of the following can cause groundwater (aquifer) contamination?

All of the answers given are correct

Limiting the activity of microbes in food can be accomplished by

All of the choices are correct

Which of the following can cause well water groundwater and aquifer contamination?

All of the following are correct

Which of the following is an antimicrobial compound found in garlic?

Allicin

Bacterial contaminants grow in food in a closed container. The food is heated after the container is opened but a person develops food poisoning after eating it. The bacteria were producing

An exotoxin

Which of the following are the primary decomposers of dead organic matter?

Bacteria and fungi

The region of the earth inhabited by living organisms is called the:

Biosphere

Which of the following methods of preserving food is considered commercial sterilization?

Canning

From class based on mandated Water Quality Reports" for municipal water supplies which of the items listed below reacts with organic solids to form TTHMs (trihalomethanes)?

Chlorine

Why do water-testing procedures look specifically for coliform bacteria rather than specific pathogens?

Coliforms are routinely found in feces, survive longer than pathogens and are easy to detect.

How can a landfill be a source of energy?

Decomposition of organic waste generates considerable amounts of methane. This can be tapped with gas wells and used as natural gas.

An injury causing any restriction of normal activity beyond the day of the injurys occurrence is;

Disabling injury

Diseases that are due mostly to environmental changes increased population densities and pollution that result from modernization in third world nations are referred to as:

Disease of development

The role that an organism plays in its environment is called its:

Ecological niche

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic factor for food spoilage?

Ethanol content

All of the following statements argue for evidence-based practice EXCEPT:

Evidence-based practice guarantees a successful treatment outcome.

Which federal agency is responsible for approval of new drugs and cosmetics to be proven safe and to be sold in the market?

FDA

Foods that have been altered due to the carefully controlled growth of microorganisms are called

Fermented

Foodborne intoxication is also commonly called:

Foodborne illness (poisoning)

Which answer listed below describes a gradual increase in average global temperatures?

Global warming

Which of the following items in MOST important to be worn when providing care for a patient with a cut that is mildly bleeding?

Gloves

If you're exposed to blood or other bodily fluids during an accident which of the following should you do first?

Immediately clean up spill before it spreads

The aerated activated biosolid digestion process ___ and produced material that can be used as fertilizer on non-human consumption crops.

Is apart of the secondary treatment of sewage

What is the major source of lead in household drinking water?

Lead pipes

A toxin common to all Gram-negative bacteria is

Lipid A

Which of the following microorganisms associated with food poisoning thrives in cold storage?

Listeria monocytogenes

The major effect of excess water in the soil is:

Lower oxygen levels

The primary reason for corporate America's interest in community health is:

Minimize the cost of health care

In 2013 a new kind of fungal meningitis (infection of the nervous system) was discovered. Disease occurred among patients who had received steroid injections in the spine. What kind of infection is this?

Parenteral

In the United States the leading type of unintentional injury death is due to

Poisonings

Which of the following is most likely to grow at refrigerator temperatures?

Psychrophiles

You have a patient with chickenpox infection in your clinic what is your responsibility as a healthcare provider?

Report it?

Which home drinking water treatment technology is rated "aggressive" by the EA because it removes naturally occurring minerals found in water?

Reverse osmosis

What is the zone of soil that surrounds the roots of plants and contains a variety of organic exudates?

Rhixosphere

The term "potable water" refers to water that is

Safe to drink

On which of the following foods can Staphylococcus aureus multiply with little competition?

Salty ham

Which term is defined as a pollutant that is formed by a chemical reaction between a primary pollutant and another compound in the atmosphere (either natural or human-made) le. ground level ozone.

Secondary pollutants

An example of injury prevention through regulation is

Setting speed limits

Landfills are often used to dispose of which of this category of wastes?

Sold waste???

The fungus Aspergillus oryzoe is involved in the production of

Soy sauce

Food that is altered resulting in undesirable consequences is called:

Spoilage

In the hierarchy of evidence which is often presented as a pyramid what form of paper is seen at the top ofthe pyramid indicating that is has the highest level of rigor?

Systemic review and meta-analysis

Which of the following best describes mineralization?

The conversion of complex organic compounds into inorganic compounds

All of the following factors would increase the chances of food spoiling EXCEPT:

The production of benzoic acid

Bottled water sold as "Spring Water" must meet which criteria listed below by the regulatory agency?

The water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring

Which public health organization announced that COVID 19 is a pandemic?

True

Any behavior that would increase the probability of an injury occurring is an

Unsafe act

Which of the following is considered an intrinsic factor for food spoilage?

Water content

The bottle of water you purchased at the grocery is labeled "purified water".What does that mean as to the source of the water?

Water with this label is treated with a process such as distillation deionization or reverse osmosis. Because these processes reduce TDS content the water is said to be purified.

How do you calculate the incidence risk in total population?

a+c / a+b+c+d

The study of the occurrence distribution and spread of the disease in humans is:

epidemiology

A contaminated inanimate object that transfers infectious agents to humans is known as:

fomites

Health problems: issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions is defined as_____

global health

The place where the most unintentional injuries occur is

home

All bottled water companies create "Sparkling" water by adding COz to purified water (much like a soda stream) and then sell it to consumers commercially as sparkling water. This is allowed under federally E regulated guidelines.

missing

As a healthcare provider which of the following you will report to your local health department?

missing

COVID 19 is a what type of infection?

missing

Rennin is

missing

What is evidence based preventive measure for COVID 197

missing

When reading your federally mandated *water quality report which value is the most important as it states the required values under the "Clean Water Act" for water quality and safety?

missing

Which of the following is health risk behaviors?

missing

Which of the following is not personal consequence of drug abuse?

missing

Which phase of the nitrogen cycle is most important agriculturally?

nitrogen fixation

A colorless

odorless, poisonous gas, produced by incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels, including gasoline, oil and wood., Carbon monoxide

What two pollutants must be present to form ozone?

oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds

Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted:

transfusion of infected blood or blood products, across placenta from mom to infant, through unprotected sex