Web Development: Chapter 3
Define true color.
16 million different colors.
The W3C Markup Validator indicates the HTML below has an error. What deprecated tag is causing the error? <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Learning HTML</title> <body> <center>This page uses deprecated HTML.</center> </body> </html>
<center>
Write a heading for a book chapter titled "Introduction".
<h1>Introduction</h1>
What tag is used for subchapter titles?
<h2>
Write an HTML fragment that creates a title for the fourth level of a document hierarchy. The title should be "Exquisite details".
<h4>Exquisite details</h4>
What tag includes a picture in a web page?
<img>
How do you start a table with the caption "store information"?
<table><caption>store information</caption>
How do you create a table cell with datum of "open"?
<td>open</td>
How do you create a table cell with header of "hours"?
<th>hours</th>
How do you create an empty table row with no content?
<tr> </tr>
Define fragment and how to use it.
A URL can point to a section, or fragment, of a document by adding a hash tag and a fragment identifier at the end of the URL.
Define quirks mode.
A browser rendering mode that renders a web page using non-standard layout rules emulating older web browsers.
Define section.
A collection of related paragraphs, images, and other content organized into units such as chapters, subchapters, tabbed content in a tabbed container, and numbered sections of a thesis. Sections are surrounded by the <body> and <section> tags, or are implicitly created using a heading tag.
Define UTF-8.
A common character encoding that describes characters used by most of the world's languages.
Define absolute url.
A complete URL.
Define JPEG.
A format commonly used for digital photographs.
Define PNG.
A format commonly used for line art and screenshots or images requiring transparency.
Define GIF.
A format commonly used for simple animated images.
Define nested list.
A list within a list item of another list.
Define cell.
A location in the table at a specific row and column.
Define tag.
A markup instruction identified by <, a tag name, and a >.
Define entity.
A mechanism for writing special characters or symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols, characters in most languages, and many other symbols.
Define HTML comment.
A portion of the document that is not displayed by the browser.
Define element.
A single HTML structure.
Define HTML.
A textual language for creating web pages.
Define tag attribute.
A value that provides additional information about a particular tag and is included after the tag name but before the > in the tag.
Define standards mode.
A web page with the DOCTYPE is rendered using standards mode, which uses the HTML5 standard.
Define wireframe.
A wireframe is a blueprint, showing where the future content will be arranged.
What does the <table> tag do?
Allows data to be organized in rows and columns.
Define void element.
An element that only needs an opening tag.
Define non-breaking character.
An inter-word character that permits treating the words on both sides to be one word.
Define whitespace character.
An unprinted character such as the spaces between words and lines of text.
What does colspan attribute do?
Can cause a cell to span multiple columns.
What does rowspan attribute do?
Can cause a cell to span multiple rows.
What does the <b> tag do?
Cause enclosed text to render using bold.
The W3C Markup Validator indicates the HTML below has an error. What attribute is missing from <meta>? <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <meta> <title>Learning HTML</title> <body>Some HTML tags have attributes.</body> </html>
Charset
Define HTML validator.
Checks that an HTML document conforms to the standard.
What does the <tr> tag do?
Contains all the cells within a table row.
What does the id attribute do?
Creates a fragment identifier, thus permitting URLs to link directly to that location in the document.
What does the <br> tag do?
Creates a line break in a paragraph, such that the content after the line break appears on a new line.
What does the <td> tag do?
Creates a new table cell containing a table datum.
What does the <th> tag do?
Creates a new table cell containing table header information about the data.
What does the <a> tag do?
Defines a hyperlink in a web page.
What does the <link> tag do?
Defines a link between a web page and an external resource.
What does the <caption> tag do?
Defines a short descriptive text for a table and is created with <caption> tags.
What does the <cite> tag do?
Denotes a title, such a book or song title, and is italicized by default.
What does the <mark> tag do?
Denotes content that is important and should be semantically highlighted and is rendered with a yellow background by default.
What does the <u> tag do?
Denotes text that should appear differently from normal text, such as misspelled words, and is underlined by default.
What does the <ul> tag do?
Displays a collection of items, usually indented and shown using bullets, surrounded by the <ul> opening and closing tags.
What does the <ol> tag do?
Displays a sequenced collection of items, usually indented and shown using numbers or letters, surrounded by the <ol> opening and closing tags.
What does the <img> tag do?
Displays an image in a web page.
What does <body> tag do?
Enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser.
What does <html> tag do?
Enclose everything but the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration.
What does <title> tag do?
Enclose the name of the document. The title is usually displayed in the titlebar of the browser, is used by search engines, and is used for bookmarking.
What does the <p> tag do?
Encloses a paragraph in HTML. Browsers visually separate paragraphs from other text with spacing above and below.
What does the following hyperlink do? a href="https://example.com/index.html">See example</a>
Encrypts the web page load request and response.
True or false: An <h3> tag should be placed inside a <p> tag.
False
True or false: Hyperlinks may only contain text.
False
True or false: If <h1> text appears too big, <h2> or <h3> tags should be used to decrease the text size.
False
True or false: The <br> tag has a closing tag.
False
True or false: The <p> tag can have another <p> tag inside.
False
True or false: The Euro symbol, €, can be written as &euro.
False
True or false: The web browser will always create a new window for hyperlinks whose target attribute is _blank.
False
True or false: The wireframe shows the HTML needed to create the web page.
False
True or false: To copy the functionality of another web page found on the web, just copy the HTML from the view source page.
False
True or false: Two tags within the same HTML document may have the same id.
False
Elements are represented with an _______________.
HTML tag
What is the current recommended version of the HTML standard?
HTML5
Define WebP.
Image format that supports true color, transparency, and animation.
What does the <em> tag do?
Indicates emphasized text, such as text having an emphasized pronunciation when spoken, and is italicized by default.
What does an anchor tag's target attribute do?
Indicates how the browser should display the link when clicked.
What does the <i> tag do?
Indicates text in an alternative voice, such as a word or phrase in a foreign language, and is rendered using italics.
What does the <strong> tag do?
Indicates text that has strong importance, and is bolded by default.
Define closing tag.
Indicates the ending point in the document where the tag stops having an effect.
Define opening tag.
Indicates the starting point in the document where the tag takes effect.
What does <!DOCTYPE html> do?
Instructs the web browser about what type of document follows.
Valid or invalid: <a href="example.com/index.html">See example</a>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <h1>This is a chapter heading
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <img src="smiley.gif">
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <img src="sparky.png" alt="A picture of my dog, Sparky"></img>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <p>HTML is derived from HyperText Markup Language. <p>The inspiration for HTML was SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language.</p> HTML is simpler than SGML and adds hyperlinks.</p>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <p>Mary had a <!--soft, little</p>--> lamb. Its fleece was white as snow.
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <p>Roses are <!--purple--> red. Violets are <!--turquoise. <!--green.--> black.-->blue.</p>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <p>Sentence one.<strong>Sentence two.</p>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: <p>We changed the <strong><em>font</strong></em> in this paragraph.</p>
Invalid
Valid or invalid: You must read <em><cite>A Tale of Two Cities</em></cite>, one of the best selling books of all time.
Invalid
he W3C Markup Validator warns that the HTML below is missing an attribute. What attribute is missing from <html>? <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Learning HTML</title> <body>A warning is not as serious as an error.</body> </html>
Lang
What does the following hyperlink do? <a href="ftp://example.com/index.html">Raw data</a>
Loads a file.
What does the following hyperlink do? <a href="http://example.com/index.html">See example</a>
Loads a page over an unencrypted connection.
Define non-breaking hyphen.
Looks like a regular hyphen but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word.
Define non-breaking space.
Looks like a single space but acts like a normal character in the middle of a word.
Define lossless compression.
No image quality is lost.
Define depreciated.
Part of a language that is officially discouraged because newer or better features exist, or because the deprecated feature is no longer considered safe.
What does the alt attribute do?
Provides a text description to use as an alternative to displaying the image.
What does a heading do?
Provides a title for a section of content.
What does the following hyperlink do? <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Get in touch</a>
Sends an email.
Define lossy compression.
Some of the original picture information is lost when compressed.
What does <meta> tag do?
Specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document's data.
What does the src attribute do?
Specifies the URL location of the image file to display.
What does the href attribute do?
Specifies the hyperlink's URL.
What does a relative url do?
Specifies the relative path to the web resource with no scheme or hostname.
What does the <tbody> tag do?
Specifies the table body.
What does the <tfoot> tag do?
Specifies the table footer.
What does the <thead> tag do?
Specifies the table header.
Define hyperlink.
Specifies where other information is located and what action the web browser should perform when a user clicks the hyperlink.
What does the <li> tag do?
Surround each list item.
What do the width and height attributes do?
Tell the browser how many pixels the image should occupy.
Define list-style-type.
The CSS property list-style-type provides the ability to change the bullet used in an unordered list and offers more numbering options in an ordered list.
Define HTML5.
The fifth major revision of the HTML standard and is recommended for use by the W3C.
Define World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The official organization that defines web standards, including HTML and CSS.
Define aspect ratio.
The ratio of the image width to the image height.
True or false: All the words in the paragraph below appear on the same line when rendered in a browser. <p> Aspire to inspire before you expire. </p>
True
True or false: An umbrella symbol, ☂, which is assigned the decimal number 9730, can be written as ☂.
True
True or false: The default value for the target attribute is _self.
True
True or false: The fragment identifier for the <p id="location"> opening tag is location.
True
True or false: The letters A and B appear on separate lines with a blank line in between when rendered in a browser. <p> A<br><br>B </p>
True
True or false: The mathematical forall symbol, ∀, can be written as ∀.
True
True or false: To see how a web page is constructed, a user can view the page source in the browser.
True
What does <head> tag do?
Used to contain the document title, document metadata, and various other elements that are typically not displayed.
What does a graphical hyperlink do?
Uses an image inside a hyperlink instead of text.
Valid or invalid: <P>A short paragraph.</P>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <a href="#History">History</a>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <a href="course.html#Notes">Notes</a>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <a href="file:///Users/example/index.html">Another example</a>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <a href="https://example.com/index.html#History"> History</a>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <a href="https://example.org/index.html"> <img src="https://example.org/picture.jpg" alt="Picture of cat"></a>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <em>You must read <cite>A Tale of Two Cities</cite>, one of the best selling books of all time.</em>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <h2>Highway traffic code overview</h2>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <img alt="Fun weekend" src="weekend.jpg">
Valid
Valid or invalid: <img src=birthday.jpg alt=Birthday>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <p>Bananas grow <!--in bushes.</p>--> on a tree.</p>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <p>This is a very short paragraph.</p>
Valid
Valid or invalid: <p>This sentence does <!--not--> contain a comment</p>
Valid
Valid or invalid: This is the first verse.<br/>The second verse begins on the next line.
Valid
Valid or invalid: You <em>must</em> read <cite>A Tale of Two Cities</cite>, one of the best selling books of all time.
Valid
An HTML _____ is a program that indicates whether a document follows the HTML standard.
Validator
What organization defines web standards?
W3C
Which <img> attribute can be used to change the size of the large photo?
Width and height
Which image tag attribute specifies the image's URL?
src
Which is NOT a required attribute for images?
title