Week 10 Psychological Disorders

doesn't cause slow speech.

Anxiety

which is free floating? Stress or Anxiety?

Anxiety

helps maintain learned fears and anxieties

Reinforcement

post-traumatic stress disorder

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

mood disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

negative symptoms

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

positive symptoms

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

dissociative disorders

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

delusions

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

word salad

Incoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences

personality disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

catatonia

a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

risk factor

characteristic or behavior that increases likelihood of developing a psychological disorder (ex: abuse, low birth weight, parent mental illness, etc.)

major depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

mania

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Schizoptypal Personality Disorder

A need for social seclusion and isolation, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs

dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system; too much is associated with schizophrenia

obsession

A persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring

antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

dissociative identity disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

_____ is the willpower or energy needed to move forward toward your goals.

Agency

DSM-5

American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

phobia

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs that cause the performance of compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life.

states of depression are found in order.

both major depressive and bipolar

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one's environment, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is MOST clearly demonstrating:

delusions

Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and _____.

depression

Taresa feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

depressive disorder

Dissociative Fugue State

disorder in which one travels away from home and is unable to remember details of his past, including often his identity

survivor resiliency

a feeling of strength and self-worth that comes from making it through a very difficult experience

Taijin Kyofusho

a form of social anxiety common in Japan involving a fear of offending or embarrassing others with one's odor, eye contact, or appearance.

borderline personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures

social anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Artie has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it was not him and that he knows nothing about the crime, as another one of his personalities must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Artie does not suffer from _____, as the original personality generally denies awareness of the others.

dissociative identity disorder

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

hallucination

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus (most frequently auditory)

Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of ______________ ______________ disorder.

generalized anxiety

Which neurotransmitter heightens activity in the brain's alarming centers?

glutamate

According to the textbook, brain scans of clients with dissociative identity disorder show "shrinkage in areas that aid memory and detection of threat." These areas are MOST likely the _____ and the _____, respectively.

hippocampus; amygdala

persistent depressive disorder

mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years

negative explanatory style

one's habitual way of explaining life events that attributes failure to stable, global, and internal causes

____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

personality

the symptoms of appear around age 10 ; tend to appear later, around age 25

phobias, major depressive disorder

One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is ____________.

poverty

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Schizophrenia is to _____ disorder as phobia is to _____ disorder.

psychotic; anxiety

compulsion

repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is MOST likely suffering from:

schizophrenia

Seligman attributes the rise in depression in young people to:

self-blame over personal failure

which neurotransmitter influences sleep, mood and attending to threats?

serotonin

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a:

split in reality

_______ refers to our perceived ability to generate routes to achieve goals.

waypower

A psychologist gets an e-mail referral from a prospective client whose name is Devon. Devon complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Devon is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know?

women are more likely to suffer from depression

Disorders like OCD and PTSD involve anxiety or stress?

anxiety

is the chief example of a psychic disorder.

schizophrenia

Calvin is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. Calvin's behavior BEST illustrates _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

agoraphobia

anxiety disorder characterized by marked fear and avoidance of being alone in a place from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing

maladaptive

anything that interfere's with a person's ability to have a normal day-to-day life

medical model

concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Susto (Latin America)

condition marked by severe anxiety, rapid heartbeat, and fear of black magic. Culture specific to Latin-America

the learning perspective proposes that phobias are

conditioned fears

which disorder consists of prolonged state of hopeless sadness

major depressive

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often does not wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from _____ .

major depressive disorder

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

negative

panic attack

sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying

psychological disorder

syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior

stimulus generalization

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response