Week 11 Assignment - Structural Abnormalities of the Face, & Head

A condition in which a complete or partial absence of the cranial bones is demonstrated is which one of the following? Cebocephaly Acrania Holoprosencephaly Hydranencephaly

Acrania

The absence of the cavum septi pellucidi is a distinguishing characteristic of which one of the following fetal anomalies? Craniostenosis Schizencephaly Dandy-Walker malformation Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

A vein of Galen malformation is which one of the following abnormalities? An arteriovenous malformation of the Galen vein A rare arteriovenous malformation Appears as a fluid filled space close to midline All of the above

All of the above

Which one of the following is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly and is characterized by a single common ventricle and malformed brain? Alobar Cephalocele Anencephaly Acrania

Alobar

Which one of the following abnormalities is the most common open neural tube defect? Anencephaly Acrania Encephalocele Cephalocele

Anencephaly

Which one of the following neural tube defects is characterized by a lack of development of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and cranial vault and is an abnormality that is incompatible with life? Acrania Cephalocele Dandy-Walker malformation Anencephaly

Anencephaly

Which one of the following statements about anencephaly is incorrect? The incidence of anencephaly varies with geographic location. Anencephaly is a lethal disorder. Anencephaly has a male prevalence. Anencephaly is caused by the failure of closure of the neural tube at the cranial end.

Anencephaly has a male prevalence.

Which of the following signs are characteristic of the Arnold-Chiari malformation? Banana- and lemon-shaped Strawberry- and banana-shaped Lemon- and strawberry-shaped Cloverleaf- and banana-shaped

Banana- and lemon-shaped

Which one of the following measurements is devised to determine the normality of the fetal head shape? Abdominal circumference BPD Head circumference : abdominal circumference ratio Cephalic index

Cephalic index

The most common congenital anomaly of the face is which one of the following? Macroglossia Micrognathia Hypotelorism Cleft lip

Cleft lip

What is the most common neck mass in the fetus? Teratoma Brachial cleft cyst Cervical meningomyelocele Cystic hygroma

Cystic hygroma

Which of the following is associated with chromosomal anomalies such as Turner syndrome, Downs syndrome, and Trisomy 18 around 50% of the time? Cleft lip and palate Club foot Cystic hygroma Micrognanthia

Cystic hygroma

Which one of the following results from a malformation of the lymphatic system? Teratoma Goiter Cystic hygroma Brachial cleft cyst

Cystic hygroma

Which one of the following central nervous anomalies demonstrates splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres on ultrasound? Hydranencephaly Cephalocele Vein of Galen malformation Dandy-Walker malformation

Dandy-Walker malformation

Which one of the following statements about microcephaly is incorrect? Microcephaly is an abnormally large head. The prognosis for fetuses with microcephaly is always poor. Microcephaly affects the head circumference. Microcephaly may manifest later in pregnancy.

Microcephaly is an abnormally large head.

Which one of the following statements about microcephaly is incorrect? Microcephaly is an abnormally large head. The prognosis for fetuses with microcephaly is always poor. Microcephaly does not affect the head circumference. There is a decreased HC/AC ratio.

Microcephaly is an abnormally large head.

Which one of the following terms describes a small chin? Microglossia Micrognathia Microphthalmia Microrhinia

Micrognathia

Which one of the following imaging planes is best for imaging the cleft lip and palate? Transverse Longitudinal Transverse oblique Modified coronal

Modified coronal

Which of the following is not true regarding anencephaly? It is the most common neural tube defect Oligohydramnios is a common finding It results in an elevated AFP It results in absence of major portions of cranium/intracranial structures

Oligohydramnios is a common finding

Which of the following is an cyst found in the parenchyma of the brain that communicates with the ventricular system or subarachnoid space? Galen Schizencephaly Porencephalic Lobar

Porencephalic

Conditions commonly associated with fetal hydrocephalus include all of the following except: choroid plexus cyst. Dandy-Walker malformation. meningomyelocele. aqueduct stenosis.

choroid plexus cyst.

Anomalies associated with anencephaly include all of the following except: cleft lip. holoprosencephaly. polyhydramnios. spina bifida.

holoprosencephaly

An isolated unilateral cleft lip defect commonly originates: in the midline. on the left side of the face. on the right side of the face. in the mouth.

on the left side of the face.

Measurement of the binocular distance is taken from the ___________ edge of one orbit to the ___________ edge of the contralateral orbit. outer; inner inner; inner outer; outer inner; outer

outer; outer

Ventriculomegaly is defined as lateral ventricular enlargement measuring greater than ____ millimeters (mm). 5 7 10 13

10

A nuchal translucency screen is done during which gestational timeframe? 8 - 10 weeks 11 - 13 weeks 15 - 18 weeks 18 - 22 weeks

11 - 13 weeks

Which of the following maternal diseases is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus? Diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes Rh negative blood Lupus

Diabetes mellitus

Cleft lip and palate may occur in isolation or be associated with which of the following? Amniotic band syndrome, hypotelorism, Meckel Gruber Trisomy 13, acrania, achondroplasia Edward syndrome, CNS abnormalities, teratogens Anencephaly, cardiac anomalies, Patau syndrome

Edward syndrome, CNS abnormalities, teratogens and Anencephaly, cardiac anomalies, Patau syndrome (Patau syndrome has a greater association than Edward syndrome)

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the herniation of the meninges and brain through a calvarium defect? Dandy-Walker malformation Encephalocele Cranial meningocele Cebocephaly

Encephalocele

Which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle? Arachnoid cyst Dandy-Walker malformation Holoprosencephaly Schizencephaly

Holoprosencephaly

A destructive process causing total or near total absence of the cerebrum thought to be caused by occlusion of carotid arteries describes which of the following abnormalities? Dandy-Walker malformation Hydranencephaly Holoprosencephaly Vein of Galen aneurysm

Hydranencephaly

Which one of the following abnormalities is described as the congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres resulting from an occlusion of the internal carotid arteries? Hydranencephaly Hydrocephalus Agenesis of the corpus callosum Holoprosencephaly

Hydranencephaly

Ventriculomegaly coupled with an enlargement of the fetal head is called which one of the following? Hydrocephalus Hydranencephaly Hydronephrosis Dandy-Walker malformation

Hydrocephalus

Which one of the following statements about anencephaly is incorrect? The incidence of anencephaly varies with geographic location. Anencephaly is a lethal disorder. Presents as a cyst within the brain parenchyma Anencephaly is caused by the failure of closure of the neural tube at the cranial end.

Presents as a cyst within the brain parenchyma

What brain abnormality is characterized by a destructive process causing fluid-filled clefts extending laterally in the cerebral cortex? Schizencephaly Hydraencephaly Lissencephaly Holoprosencephaly

Schizencephaly

Which one of the following statements about neck teratomas is incorrect? They are usually unilateral. They may demonstrate a complex appearance. They are usually located posteriorly. Color Doppler may be helpful in diagnosis.

They are usually located posteriorly.