Week 4

Reference List Rules APA

1) Include all sources cited in the paper, no source should be listed on the reference list if it was not also cited in the body of the paper. 2) The reference list should start on a new page and be separate from the text of the rest of your paper. 3) Title the page References. The bold txt title should be in the center of the page in plain font. 4) Entries should be alphabetized by last name of the first listed author. When there is more than one work by the same author, list them chronologically by date with the earlier work first. 5) Double space all text. 6) Use a hanging indent: Each line of an entry after the first line should be indented a half-inch from the left margin.

Information Needed for Sources

1) Title of document, article, book, or source. 2) If in a journal or database, provide that name also 3) Name of author(s) 4) Publisher and publication date, including the year 5) Web address 6) Access date 7) If from a journal, the issue number, volume number, and page number(s) of the article 8) If available, the DOI number.

Citations/Bibliography

A list of sources used for a class or research paper Pros: Quick snapshot of resources used on a particular project, creating a list will help you avoid having to search through pages of notes to find the names of individual sources. Cons: Not getting a complete picture of all your research, can contain only the basic info about a source such as author, publication, date, title, URL.

Source

Anything or place from which something comes, arises, or is obtained; origin.

Storing Digital Information

Can save information to your computer hard drive, a network drive, a portable hard drive, a removable disk, or cloud storage.

Computer Folder Organization

Can use to develop your own information management system. - Pro: You can choose how you want to organize your materials and organize by subject or file types and create as many subfolders as you like. - Cons: Limits ability to access info to just your current computer, you can copy it to an external drive or the cloud to increase flexability.

Chicago

Developed by the University of Chicago Press - Commonly used in history and some related fields. - Most important aspect is flexibility. - Both in-text citations and foot notes or endnotes can be used. - In-text citations can include page numbers as in MLA style or publication years as in APA style. - Chicago style essays are formatted using the notes and bibliography system. - Every time a source is cited, a reference to that source is listed in the notes section at the bottom of the page.

MLA (Modern Language Association)

Generally used in English and Humanities fields. - Most important aspect is the authors identity. - Authors name comes first in a in-text citation and in the citations listed at the end of a paper or project. - The authors first name is also used to more fully identify the individual ex) Hansen, Bethanie. Digital Information Literacy. Charles Town: APUS E-Press, 2015. Web. 19 March 2015. - MLA style essays are formatted more like assignments one might submit in a school setting. - No title page, no required headings. Use in-text citations when you are quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, or otherwise referring to or using someone else's idea or creation. - Includes author's last name or a shortened version of the title of the work. - Includes a page number, timestamp, paragraph number (par.) or section header (sec.) - If sources do not have a page or paragraph numbers, do not include any numbers in the in-text citation. Multiple sources in-text citation: - Include an abbreviated title in the in-text citation to distinguish between the two sources. - Citing multiple sources within one in-text citation, sperate them with a semicolon and list them in alphabetical order. ex) (Mann 45; Mitchell 58) - If you are referring to multiple locations within a single source, separate those with commas. ex) (Mann 45, 68-72) In-text citation will come at the end of the phrase or sentence in which the information you are using or referring to exists. - You can break apart the two components of the in-text citation (author and location) by using a signal phrase, such as "according to" - Author name is written Last name, First name, Middle name or initial. - If there are two authors, the first author is written the same way followed by an "and", and the second authors name is written First Name, Last Name. ex) Etse, Daniel and Coral, Ingley - For three or more authors, write the first listed author, followed by "et al." ex) Carlone, Beatrice, et al. - If there is an editor rather than an author for a book that is a collection of essays, you write their name, followed by the descriptive label of the editor. ex) Nelson, Karen, editor. - If there is no author, put the title ex) "Top Rated TV Shows." Title of the source: All major words in titles are capitalized. - If the source is a complete work, such as a book, website, album, or TV series, it is italicized. - If the source is part of a larger work, such as an academic journal, book chapter, web page, song in an album, or an episode of a TV series, it is written in normal font placed in quotation marks. Container: not all sources have a container, and some have multiple. - A print book does not have a container because it is a whole by itself, and not accessed via a containing database. - A journal article is contained in the journal in which it was published. - If you found the journal article through a database, the database is the container that holds the journal. - TV show episode is contained in a TV show or series, which might be contained by streaming service. - If source has additional contributors such as editors, translators, illustrators, directors, performers, etc., add them next, including their role. - If source has multiple editions or versions, include that next. Numbers: - Books with multiple volumes, the volume and or issue number for journals, and the season and episode number for TV shows. - Typically refers to the number of years a journal has been published, and the issue number refers to how many times it has been published that year. Publisher: The organization primarily responsible for producing the source or making it available. - Can include traditional book publishers, website publishers, and production companies. Company (Co.), Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), Brothers (Bros.), Limited (Ltd.) - Academic presses, replace University Press with UP

APA (American Psychological Association)

Generally used in the sciences, social science research, and technical fields. - Most important detail is the publication date. -A reference that appears in the body of your essay or text of a media project. Authors last name and publication year: (Hansen, 2015) -References at the end of a project of paper the author name, first initial and immediately followed by the publication year. Hansen, B. (2015) ex) Hansen, B. (2015). Digital Information Literacy. Charles Town, WV: APUE E-Press - The structure of a APA style document is formal and clearly divided into parts. - For books written by three or more authors include the last name of the first author followed by "et al." ex) (Priebe et al., 2019) - If you are using a direct, word-for-word, quotation, you also must include the page number and the abbreviation "p". ex) (Li, 2019, p. 90) ex) (Priebe, et al., 2019, p. 12) In-text citations can appear at the end of the sentence where a source was quoted. ex) "Blah blah blah blah blah blah". (Li, 2019, p. 90) You can also break the in-text citation apart and use a SINGLE PHRASE such as "According to" to work it into the flow of your writing. Multiple Authors: Citation is written with the names separates by a comma and an ampersand (&) EX) Lester, M., & Beason, L. (2013) EX) Schori, I., Taylor, C., & Hotltzman, R. (2015) If the author is a organization ex) American Psychological Association. (2019) If a source has no author, editor, or other person or group who is responsible for the information, you will shift the title of the article to the beginning of the citation, followed by the publication date. Book Citation ex) Last Name, Initial(s). (Year of Publication). Title Of book: Subtitle of book. Publisher name. - Li, W. (2019). Eat to beat disease: The new science of how your body can heal itself. Grand Central. - ONLY the first word of the title and first word of the subtitle are capitalized. All other title words, unless they are proper nouns, are lower case. - Title and subtitle of a book are always in italics. Scholarly Journal Citations - Volume number, issue number, and page ranges are required elements for an online scholarly journal. - Volume(Issue), Start Page-End Page - DOI should be written out in URL form http//doi.org

Works Cited MLA

Include a header with your last name and page number. Use 1-inch margins. Include all sources cited in the paper. No text should be listed on the Works Cited page if it was not also cited in the body of the paper. The Works Cited page should be separate from the text of the rest of your paper. Title the page Works Cited. Center this title at the top of the page. Text should be in plain font (no quotation marks, italics, etc.). Entries should be alphabetical by last name of the first listed author. If you have multiple sources written by the same author, list them alphabetically by title. Double space all text. Use hanging indent: Each line of an entry after the first line should be indented 1/2-inch from the left margin.

Hard Copy Organization

Include labeled file folders and color-coded tabs in a binder. Pros: Having a backup for digital copies or for items that aren't saved digitally. Dont have to worry about transferring files if you switch computers of accounts. Cons: Takes up physical space, susceptible to damage and loss, more difficult to copy than digital files.

Personal Database Accounts

You can save articles and other search results. Pros: You can return to results later to access the articles you found if saved. Cons: You have to remember the database you used to find the search results.

What to Include in Citations

Printed Sources: Book title, author, publication date, location of publisher, publisher, medium Electronic Sources: Title of the article, author, title of journal, volume number, issue number, date of publication, page range, DOI or URL

Organizational Software

Pro: You can save links to articles, citations, and your own notes and annotations all in one place. You can sync to the cloud for access to multiple devices and share to your library. Con: Having to pay for advanced features of the programs. Some programs are not cloud based, so you will need to import and save toy our desktop and then save it to your cloud.

Organizational Systems

Should include a method for tacking bibliographic information about sources as well as noting details and quotes from the content of the sources. - Keep track of bibliographic details about any source you find that you might use in an academic paper or project. - Track by writing down on note padm electronically by typing in a document of spreadsheet, or digitally via a reference tool like zotero. - Determine what info from the source is valuable to you in your information search.

Manually Tracking Information

Store information as you locate and read articles manually on a spread sheet or word document by: 1) The title of the articles 2) Names of author(s) 3) Where you found the article 4) date accessed 5) Date and name of the published piece 6) Summary of the article You can also download a PDF version of the database articles. - You can also save a webpage to your computer, it allows you to read it offline.

Organizing Source Information

Technology in Context: Task Definition: E-mail, listservs, newsgroups, chat, video conferencing, and other online communication methods to clarify assignments and brainstorm problems. Can also use software to generate timelines, organizational charts, etc. to plan and organize complex problems. Information-Seeking Strategies: Identify and assess computerized resources as they develop information-seeking strategies toward the problem. Use of Information: Connect to and access online or locally-stored electronic information sources, view, download, and decompress files, and use copy-paste features to extract relevant information. Synthesis: Organize and communicate their results using word processing, database management, spreadsheet and graphic software, and distribute their projects via e-mail, web publishing, or other media. Evaluation: Evaluate the impact of the technology they use, including its effectiveness and efficiency.

Information Literacy

The ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively and responsibly use and share that information for the problem at hand.

Attribution

The act of attributing; ascription. 2) Something ascribed; an attribute. - Giving credit to an image, graphic, or other multimedia, or citing another's work. - Mentioning the source of the information in your work, personal, and scholarly work.

Citation

The act of citing or quoting a reference to an authority or a precedent. 2) A passage cited; quotation. - A note placed in academic writing that gives credit to a source. Can be provided as a lead-in before a quotation, can be placed in a parenthesis unless they are described in a part of the sentence. - Include the authors name and publication year ex) (Smith, 2022) - If citing a direct quotation include a page number - Format of a citation depends on the citation style you are using when writing academic work. - Always used for quoted content and paraphrased material.

Reference

The more formal way to describe a source that was used to write academic work. - Listed at the end of an essay or paper, the bottom of a forum post, or on the final slide of a presentation. - Include: Author(s) names, publication year, title of the work, and publisher. - There are many specific ways information is organized in a reference line, each depending on which citation method is used.