Week 4
Gordon Parks (1912-2006)
Assigned by LIFE to travel and document the Civil rights movement and Malcolm X. Documented Dr. Clark's doll test about kids' attitude about race helping sway the ruling that segregation is unconstitutional.
Notable mentions of Wire Services
Associated Press (AP), Agence France Press (AFP), BBC news (UK), European Pressphoto Agency (Germany), Reuters (UK).
Nick Ut (1951- present)
Born in Vietnam began working for AP after his brother died. The most notable photo is a bombing in a village in Vietnam, a young girl Kim Phuc was severely burned and he photographed her running towards the journalists and her burned back. AP has concerns about publishing nudity but made an exception because the picture was so strong, later winning a Pulitzer prize in 1973 for Spot News photography.
Which photographers were notable in the Civil Rights Movement
Charles Moore, Gordon Parks, Danny Lyon, Bruse Davidson, Moneta Sleet Jr., Leonard Freed.
Bruce Davison (1933- Present)
Chronicled events and effects the civil rights movement in north and south. Received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1962 and was deployed in MOMA in NYC. Received the first photography gran from National Endowment of Arts.
Larry Burrows (1926-1971)
Covered as much of the war that he could, covered the marines and pushed risks by getting to the front of the actions. His notable photo essay was "yankee papa" in LIFE about a helicopter crew showing the realities of war for US fliers. Died in helicopter crash.
Eddie Adams (1933-2004)
Covered wars as a marine corps combat photographer in Korea, went to Vietnam and did 3 tours. Known for his photo of a Southern Vietnamese officer captured a man and shot him in the head (won Pulitzer prize). Made people question if this is a war worth supporting. Wanted to be known for his photo essay "the boat people" which helped US accept refugees.
Leonard Freed (1929-2006)
Documentary photographer who worked for Magnum, covered the civil rights movement which made him famous and explored social violence and racial discrimination.
Notable photographers who photographed the Vietnam War
Eddie Adams, Larry Burrows, Nick Ut
The Pulitzer Prize
Established by Joseph Pulitzer. Journalism award that has two categories: feature photography, and breaking news photography (used to be Spot news).
National geographic Magazine
Founded in 1888, their mission was "for the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge." Gildber Grosvener was the first to public colored photos in the magazine and was a turning point for them and did very well. Concentrated on geography, science, culture, exploration, animals, nature, the environment and politics. Photographers get to have say in the layout of their photos in the magazine. Had issues with ethics with photographers photoshopping their images making them seem less trust worthy.
Charles Moore (1931-2010)
Known for Documenting Dr. King's rise as a civil rights leader, published photos in AP and LIFE. The most famous photo is "Birmingham" depicting demonstrators being attacked by firemen with a high-pressure water hose. US senator said these pictures helped spur the Civil Rights Acts of 1964. Published essay "Powerful days: the civil rights photography of Charles Moore"
Donny Lyon (1942- present)
Published photos for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee which appeared in the "The Movement" documentary book about Souther Civil Rights Movement, also in "Memories of Southern Civil Rights Movement"
Moneta Sleet Jr. (1926-1996)
Staff photographer for Ebony magazine. Notable photo of Coretta Scott King consoling her daughter at the funeral of Dr. King and won an award because of it. First Black man to win the Pulitzer Prize for the Civil Rights Movement.
Vietnam War (1955-1975)
War between North Vietnam and its communist allies and South Vietnam and its capitalist allies. US goal was to try to contain the spread of communism. North Vietnam wins after long and grueling fight. By end of war, most Americans are against it. US military gave press unprecedented access to combat and extended military photographers.
Wire Services
a news agency that supplies syndicated news by wire to newspapers, radio, and television stations. Called wire because articles and photos used to be sent to individual newspapers by telephone wires, but today this is done electronically. Small publications can subscribe to a wire service for a fee and get articles, photographs, and videos of nation or international news.
Civil Rights Movement
movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens for education and their right to vote, due to the murder of Emmet Till.