week 4 reading assessment

the structural components of a triglyceride.

A glycerol backbone Three fatty acids

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

A phospholipid consists of two fatty acids and a phosphorus-containing part

the food sources that are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Soybean oil Grapeseed oil

make up about 95% of lipids in the body and in food.

Triglycerides

Which blood lipid levels would be considered appropriate for healthy persons?

Triglycerides < 150 md/dl Total cholesterol 125-200 mg/dl LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl

What effect does soluble fiber have on the recycling of bile salts?

It binds with used bile salts, preventing their intestinal absorption and leading to their excretion in feces

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

Linoleic acid Alpha-linolenic acid

two characteristics that apply to lipids.

Lipids are organic nutrients Lipids generally do not dissolve in water

_____ fatty acids contain only one carbon-carbon double bond.

Monounsaturated

is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids.

Olive oil

_____ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds.

Saturated

When a plaque or clot partially blocks an artery leading to the heart, the chest pain that results from a lack of oxygen to heart muscle tissue is called _____.

angina

_____ is a sterol.

cholesterol

Adipose cells are designed to store large amounts of _____.

fat as triglycerides

EPA, DHA, and AA aid in the production of _____.

hormone-like substances

Cholesterol and fats are types of _____.

lipids

Where does the conversion of recycled bile salts into new bile occur?

liver

Avocados and peanut and canola oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids.

monounsaturated

What chemical feature of sterols distinguishes them from other classes of lipids?

multi ring structure

Alpha-linolenic acid is an _____ fatty acid.

omega 3

A monounsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

one double bond

A _____ is comprised of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

triglyceride

A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

two or more double bonds

Trans fatty acids are

unsaturated fatty acids that have relatively straight carbon chains

A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

zero double bonds

The small intestine absorbs about _____ of dietary cholesterol.

50%

Hypertension is diagnosed once blood pressure values remain at or above _____.

130/80

A triglyceride level greater or equal to _____ is classified as unhealthy.

200 mg/dl

_____ cells are commonly called "fat cells" because they are designed to store fat.

Adipose

Peripheral vascular diseases often affect arteries that carry blood to which two parts of the body?

Arms Legs

_____, which is often called "hardening of the arteries", is a condition that results from atherosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis

the food sources that contain high amounts of saturated fat.

Beef fat Coconut oil Palm oil

Which three cuts of meat are considered lean?

Beef top sirloin steak Beef chuck roast Pork tenderloin

Which molecules are removed from chyme by the absorptive cells of the small intestine?

Cholesterol Monoglycerides Fatty acids

_____ fatty acids contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

Polyunsaturated

the following are ways essential fatty acids affect health

Regulating the immune system's inflammatory response Regulating blood pressure

lipid digestion

The small intestine is the primary site of lipid digestion

a characteristic of phospholipids that enables them to be major structural components of cell membranes.

Their phosphate "head" is water soluble and their fatty acid "tail" is water insoluble

the significance of unsaturated fatty acids having double bonds that are typically in the "cis" form

Their structures are "bent" or kinked at these double bonds

one characteristic that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common

They are mostly in the form of triglycerides

What is it about the structure of phospholipids that makes them ideal as major structural components of cell membranes?

They are soluble in both water and fat

Phospholipids are chemically different to other lipids because they contain _____.

phosphorus

Animal fats generally tend to contain more _____ fatty acids than plant oils.

saturated

Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.

saturated fatty acid

Types of fatty acids

saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

At room temperature, foods high in saturated fat tend to be _____ and foods high in unsaturated fat tend to be _____.

solid; liquid