WH14.1 Crusades
Crusades
During the Middle Ages, European Christians launched a series of religious wars called ?
Jesus
Jerusalem was holy to Christians because ? was crucified and buried there
Holy Temple
Jerusalem was holy to Jews because of the ?
invaders
Jews and Muslims in the Holy Land, in turn, saw the Crusaders as ?
peasants and trained knights
2 groups who went on the 1st Crusade
failure
2nd Crusade was a ?
economic, political, social
3 long-lasting effects of the Crusades
Turkish Muslims
? also swept through southwest Asia, taking control of Persia and other lands
5
? other Crusades followed the sack of Constantinople, but none was successful
kings
? took control of the lands left unoccupied and became more powerful
Jerusalem
Many Christians also believed that Christ would come again only once Christians held ?
enemies
Many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as ?
Byzantine Empire
Once in control of Persia, the Turks attacked the ?
intolerant
Others, who didn't participate in the Crusades became more ?
Christian warriors
Pope Urban II called on all ?, including knights and nobles, to put aside their differences and fight against the Turks
great respect
Richard and Saladin had ? for each other even though they never met
peace
Richard and Saladin made proposals for ? including a marriage alliance between Richard's sister and Saladin's brother, which never took place because of religious differences
military leaders; knightly behavior
Richard and Saladin were admired as ? and for ?
30
About ? years after the Second Crusade, a new leader arose in the Muslim world called Salah ad-Din or Saladin
2nd Crusade
After Edessa was lost to the Muslims, European leaders called for a ?
persecuting Christians
After the Turkish conquest, stories spread throughout Europe that the Turks were ? visiting the region
excommunicated
Angry that the 4th Crusaders had attacked a Christian city, the pope ? them all
3rd Crusade
Because Saladin drove the Christians out of Jerusalem, Christians launched the ?
Jews
Because many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as enemies, the persecution of ? increased
Venetians
But the 4th Crusaders found that they could not afford to pay the ? who had arranged to take them to the Holy Land
out
By 1291, the Muslims had once more driven the Christians completely ? of the Holy Land
Fatimids
By the late 1000s, the city of Jerusalem had fallen to North African Muslims called the ?
at the Council of Clermont
How did Pope Urban II call Christians to begin the Crusades?
9
How many Crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291?
Battle of Manzikert
In 1071, Turks destroyed the Byzantine army in the ?
Edessa
In 1144, Muslim took the city of ?, the capital of one of the Crusader states
Zara
In lieu of payment, the 4th Crusaders agreed to attack the city of ?, a port that had once belonged to Venice but was now held by the Christian king of Hungary
council in Clermont, France
In response to the emperor, Urban called church leaders to a ?
not
Richard was ? able to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land or to take Jerusalem
sultan
Saladin overthrew the Fatimids and took the title of ? for himself
Crusader states
Saladin set out to take back ? and he succeeded
Saladin
Salah ad-Din was known to Europeans as ?
respect
Some European Christians who fought in the Crusades grew to ? other cultures
Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli
The 4 Christian states centered around ? 4 cities in the Holy Land
1st
The Crusaders inspired by Urban left France in 1096 in the ? Cursade
Muslim culture
The Crusades brought knowledge of ? to Europe, which had a great impact on European society
trade
The Crusades enhanced existing ? as returning Crusaders brought even more goods, such as spices and textiles, to Europe
Seljuk Turks
The Crusades were a series of religious wars intended to recapture Jerusalem and its surrounding lands from the ?
an economic effect of the Crusades
The availability of spices and textiles in Europe was ?
Jerusalem and Holy Land
The goal of each Crusade was the same: to take ? away from the Muslims
3rd Crusade
What Crusade pitted Richard the Lion-Hearted against Saladin in a fierce competition for control of Jerusalem?
European peasants wanted to see new lands
Which of the following was not a cause of the Crusades?
Relations between Christians and Jews strengthened
Which of the following was not an effect of the Crusades?
1st Crusade
Which of the following was the only truly successful Crusade?
4th
With Jerusalem still in Muslim hands, Europeans set out on the ? Crusade in 1201
recapture
Within a few years the Muslims began to ? lands that they had lost in the First Crusade
siege of Jerusalem
a victory for the 1st trained knights Crusaders that involved terrible fighting and ended in disaster for the city's inhabitants
King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine
among the 2nd Crusaders were ?
Holy Land
area around Jerusalem
3
it takes ? years for trained knights to reach Jerusalem
Pope Urban II
emperor of Byzantine Empire called ? for help when he lost the Battle of Manzikert
claiming or protecting the Holy Land
goal of Crusades
4
how many states the Crusaders created in the Holy Land?
despite
in spite of
Jews
on their way through Germany, some peasants who answered Urban's call attacked non-Christians and slaughtered ?
Seljuk Turks
peasants who reached Jerusalem quickly fell to the ?
God wills it
slogan for the Crusades
failure
the 4th Crusade was a ? because of disorganization and a lack of strong leadership
Constantinople
the 4th Crusaders ransacked ? and made one of their leaders the new emperor
Richard the Lion-Hearted
the only king from England of the 3 kings who went on the 3rd Crusade and reached Holy Land
unprepared
trained knights were ? for the hardship of their journey