WH14.1 Crusades

Crusades

During the Middle Ages, European Christians launched a series of religious wars called ?

Jesus

Jerusalem was holy to Christians because ? was crucified and buried there

Holy Temple

Jerusalem was holy to Jews because of the ?

invaders

Jews and Muslims in the Holy Land, in turn, saw the Crusaders as ?

peasants and trained knights

2 groups who went on the 1st Crusade

failure

2nd Crusade was a ?

economic, political, social

3 long-lasting effects of the Crusades

Turkish Muslims

? also swept through southwest Asia, taking control of Persia and other lands

5

? other Crusades followed the sack of Constantinople, but none was successful

kings

? took control of the lands left unoccupied and became more powerful

Jerusalem

Many Christians also believed that Christ would come again only once Christians held ?

enemies

Many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as ?

Byzantine Empire

Once in control of Persia, the Turks attacked the ?

intolerant

Others, who didn't participate in the Crusades became more ?

Christian warriors

Pope Urban II called on all ?, including knights and nobles, to put aside their differences and fight against the Turks

great respect

Richard and Saladin had ? for each other even though they never met

peace

Richard and Saladin made proposals for ? including a marriage alliance between Richard's sister and Saladin's brother, which never took place because of religious differences

military leaders; knightly behavior

Richard and Saladin were admired as ? and for ?

30

About ? years after the Second Crusade, a new leader arose in the Muslim world called Salah ad-Din or Saladin

2nd Crusade

After Edessa was lost to the Muslims, European leaders called for a ?

persecuting Christians

After the Turkish conquest, stories spread throughout Europe that the Turks were ? visiting the region

excommunicated

Angry that the 4th Crusaders had attacked a Christian city, the pope ? them all

3rd Crusade

Because Saladin drove the Christians out of Jerusalem, Christians launched the ?

Jews

Because many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as enemies, the persecution of ? increased

Venetians

But the 4th Crusaders found that they could not afford to pay the ? who had arranged to take them to the Holy Land

out

By 1291, the Muslims had once more driven the Christians completely ? of the Holy Land

Fatimids

By the late 1000s, the city of Jerusalem had fallen to North African Muslims called the ?

at the Council of Clermont

How did Pope Urban II call Christians to begin the Crusades?

9

How many Crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291?

Battle of Manzikert

In 1071, Turks destroyed the Byzantine army in the ?

Edessa

In 1144, Muslim took the city of ?, the capital of one of the Crusader states

Zara

In lieu of payment, the 4th Crusaders agreed to attack the city of ?, a port that had once belonged to Venice but was now held by the Christian king of Hungary

council in Clermont, France

In response to the emperor, Urban called church leaders to a ?

not

Richard was ? able to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land or to take Jerusalem

sultan

Saladin overthrew the Fatimids and took the title of ? for himself

Crusader states

Saladin set out to take back ? and he succeeded

Saladin

Salah ad-Din was known to Europeans as ?

respect

Some European Christians who fought in the Crusades grew to ? other cultures

Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli

The 4 Christian states centered around ? 4 cities in the Holy Land

1st

The Crusaders inspired by Urban left France in 1096 in the ? Cursade

Muslim culture

The Crusades brought knowledge of ? to Europe, which had a great impact on European society

trade

The Crusades enhanced existing ? as returning Crusaders brought even more goods, such as spices and textiles, to Europe

Seljuk Turks

The Crusades were a series of religious wars intended to recapture Jerusalem and its surrounding lands from the ?

an economic effect of the Crusades

The availability of spices and textiles in Europe was ?

Jerusalem and Holy Land

The goal of each Crusade was the same: to take ? away from the Muslims

3rd Crusade

What Crusade pitted Richard the Lion-Hearted against Saladin in a fierce competition for control of Jerusalem?

European peasants wanted to see new lands

Which of the following was not a cause of the Crusades?

Relations between Christians and Jews strengthened

Which of the following was not an effect of the Crusades?

1st Crusade

Which of the following was the only truly successful Crusade?

4th

With Jerusalem still in Muslim hands, Europeans set out on the ? Crusade in 1201

recapture

Within a few years the Muslims began to ? lands that they had lost in the First Crusade

siege of Jerusalem

a victory for the 1st trained knights Crusaders that involved terrible fighting and ended in disaster for the city's inhabitants

King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine

among the 2nd Crusaders were ?

Holy Land

area around Jerusalem

3

it takes ? years for trained knights to reach Jerusalem

Pope Urban II

emperor of Byzantine Empire called ? for help when he lost the Battle of Manzikert

claiming or protecting the Holy Land

goal of Crusades

4

how many states the Crusaders created in the Holy Land?

despite

in spite of

Jews

on their way through Germany, some peasants who answered Urban's call attacked non-Christians and slaughtered ?

Seljuk Turks

peasants who reached Jerusalem quickly fell to the ?

God wills it

slogan for the Crusades

failure

the 4th Crusade was a ? because of disorganization and a lack of strong leadership

Constantinople

the 4th Crusaders ransacked ? and made one of their leaders the new emperor

Richard the Lion-Hearted

the only king from England of the 3 kings who went on the 3rd Crusade and reached Holy Land

unprepared

trained knights were ? for the hardship of their journey