WHAP Chapter 25

The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngola, which meant

"king."

Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was

25 percent.

One of the factors that made African slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that

African law did not recognize private property, and thus slaves served as a measure of personal wealth.

The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was

Angola.

The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well?

Christianity

The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was

Denmark.

The founder of the religion that stressed that Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land was

Dona Beatriz.

A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by the

Dutch.

In an effort to drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance with the a. Kongolese.

Dutch.

True/False, Like Islam, Christianity would not make compromises with the traditional beliefs and customs of sub-Saharan people.

False

True/False, The last country in the Americas to emancipate slaves was the United States, in 1865.

False

True/False, The most important American food crop brought to sub-Saharan Africa was maize.

False

The most important early city in the Songhay empire was

Gao.

What was the massive fortified city in southern Africa that dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late fifteenth century?

Great Zimbabwe

All Songhay emperors were

Islamic.

When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups?

Khoikhoi

Sunni Ali built a powerful imperial navy to patrol the

Niger River.

In 1505 all the Swahili city-states were subdued by the

Portuguese.

The first European slave traders were the

Portuguese.

The chief obstacle to Portuguese control of Angola came from

Queen Nzinga.

The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was

Saint-Domingue.

Which of the following is NOT associated with the syncretic religions of the Africans in the Americas?

Saramaka

The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire was

Sunni Ali.

Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of the Fulani?

They eliminated the traditional elements of syncretic Islam.

The center of Islamic learning in west Africa was

Timbuktu.

True/False, As the profitability of slavery declined, Europeans began to shift their investments from sugarcane and slaves to newly emerging manufacturing industries.

True

True/False, In 1505 a massive Portuguese naval expedition subdued all the Swahili cities from Sofala to Mombasa.

True

True/False, Queen Nzinga dressed as a male warrior when leading troops in battle and insisted that her subjects refer to her as king rather than queen.

True

True/False, Slaves resisted in numerous ways: slow work, sabotage of equipment, running away, and slave revolts.

True

True/False, The kings of Kongo converted to Christianity as a way to establish closer commercial relations with Portuguese merchants and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese monarchy.

True

True/False, The part of the slave trade that was the trans-Atlantic journey was called the "middle passage."

True

True/False, The slave trade created a sexual imbalance in some parts of Africa. In Angola, this imbalance encouraged the practice of polygyny and forced women to take on duties that had been the responsibility of men.

True

The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to

a Moroccan army.

Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa

as syncretic versions of the originals.

The Fulani

attempted, through military conquest, to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa.

Thomas Peters was

central in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone.

King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo is best known for his

conversion to Catholicism.

The arrival of the Europeans

dramatically increased previously existing slave networks.

The heaviest slave trading took place in the

eighteenth century.

The Black Pioneers were

escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies.

As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for

firearms.

During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be

kinship groups.

The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the sixteenth century was

manioc.

The vast majority of slaves

provided agricultural labor on plantations.

The rise in maritime trade in the early modern era in Africa

resulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa.

By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at

sixty million.

Islam was most popular in sub-Saharan Africa in

the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states.

An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo, as well as

the eventual destruction of the kingdom.

How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

twelve million

Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came from

war captives.