When will a reaction occur?

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Spontaneous (reaction)

Will occur without the input of energy

Is this an example of oxidation?: Mg ———> Mg + 2e-

Yes

Is this an example of reduction?: 2e- + 2H ———> H2

Yes

What is the first rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the oxidation # of a free element is 0

A double replacement reaction will occur if one of the products is...

A precipitate (consult table F), water (neutralization), a gas

If H2CO3 is one of the products, then...

A reaction will occur because H2CO3 spontaneously decomposes into H2O (l) and CO2 (g)

What type of reaction is this and will it occur?: Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ———> PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)

Double Replacement; yes, a precipitate was formed

In single replacement reactions, a more active metal will....

Replace a less active metal (consult Table J)

A more active nonmetal will...

Replace a less active nonmetal

Particle Diagrams...

Show correct phase of matter + conservation of mass

Types of Redox Reactions:

Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, combustion

Will this reaction occur?: Na2CO3 + HCl ———> NaCl + H2CO3

Yes, H2CO3 decomposes into H2O (l) and CO2 (g)

Will a reaction occur?: Mg + Zn(NO3)3 ———> Mg(NO3)2 + Zn

Yes, magnesium is above zinc in Table J

What is the second rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the oxidation # of elements in compounds are found in the Periodic Table

What is the third rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the oxidation # of hydrogen is +1 (except when combined with metals in metal hydrides - LiH)

What is the fourth rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the oxidation of oxygen is -2 (except in peroxides H2O2 and Na2O2 and in OF2)

What is the fifth rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the sum of the oxidation #s in a compound must equal 0

What is the sixth rule of assigning oxidation numbers?

the sum of the oxidation #s in a polyatomic ion must equal the charge of the ion

Oxidation Reduction Reactions (Redox)...

Involve the transfer of electrons, and the oxidation numbers of elements change

Group 1 is...

Always soluble

Reduction

An atom or ion gains electrons; oxidation number is reduced

Oxidation

An atom or ion loses electrons; oxidation number increases

Will a reaction occur?: Mn + Na

No, metals never react with metals

In order to replace H+....

A metal must be above H2

The H2 listed in Table J represents a...

Hydrogen ion (H+) in an acid

LEO says GER

Lose Electrons Oxidation, Gain Electrons Reduction


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