Which statements accurately describe simple diffusion?
net difusion
"downhill" flow of solute from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Fick's equation of diffusion
(pressure gradient x solubility x area) / (distance x square root of molecular weight)
permeability of membrane
- Selective - Molecule - Size - Nature (Polarity or Charge)
channel proteins
have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel
Secondary transport
low to high concentration, no, ATP required, protein transporter required, can transport, polar and charge molecules, potential energy in the form of electrochemical gradient
Osmolarity
measure of total concentration of solute particles
Microvilli
projections that increase the cell's surface area
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Difference between primary and secretary transport:
Primary requires ATP, but secondary requires a electrochemical gradient
Which method of transport accomplished by sodium glucose transporter (SGLT)?
Secondary active transport
Atoms O-O
Very likely able to diffuse
Sodium Molecules
Very unlikely be able to diffuse
Solvent
Water molecules, I a a liquid that dissolves ions or molecules to create a solution
symporter
A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example, the Na+-glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.
antiporter
A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Concentration
A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
Which protein(s) is a primary active transporter(s)?
ATPase
primary active transport
Active transport in which ATP is hydrolyzed, yielding the energy required to transport an ion or molecule against its concentration gradient.
Solute
An ion or molecule dissolve in a solvent
You are studying how a molecule called BD11 moves through the membrane of a red blood cell. Through some measurements, you observe the following:● BD11 is a large, polar molecule.● BD11 can move through the membrane in either direction.● BD11 always moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.● No ATP is required for BD11 to move through a membrane.● BD11 cannot pass through the membrane in the presence of a drug called FR14, but movement through the membrane resumes when the drug is removed. Based on these observations, BD11 is most likely transported by ________.
Carrier protein
A decrease in the area membrane would?
Decrease the rate of diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
secondary active transport
Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
Doubling the area membrane would?
Increase the rate of net diffusion
Which statement best describes the difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport?
The answer is Primary active transport requires ATP, but secondary active transport requires an electrochemical gradient.
Carrier proteins transport molecules across the cell membrane by _________.
The answer is binding the molecule and changing shape to allow passage through the membrane
electrochemical gradient
The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).
Diffusion
The random movement of a particle and space caused by collisions with other particles
Villi
Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed
Carrier protein
Transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it
phospholipid bilayer
a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward.
concentration gradient
difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
Uncharged and small, partially charge molecules can?
diffuse directly through the membrane without transport proteins
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Charge molecules in large partially charge molecules need?
transport proteins
Temperature and Kinetic Energy
At the same Temperature all particles have the same average Kinetic energy
Which protein transporter(s) cannot move molecules across the membrane against a concentration gradient?
Channel protein and Carrier protein
Facilitated diffusion characteristics:
Hight to low concentration, no, ATP required, protein transport required, can transport charge molecules, can transport polar molecules, energy in the form of electrochemical gradient, all mole move through channels or carriers
Doubling the concentration gradient should?
Increase the rate of net diffusion
Polar molecules are less or more permeable?
Less permeable
primary active transport
Low to high concentration, ATP is required, protein transporter is required, can transport polar molecules, can transport charge molecules
Which statements accurately describe facilitated diffusion?
Molecules always move from areas of high to low concentration, No ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, This process can transport charged molecules, and This process requires only potential energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient.
Which statements accurately describe primary active transport?
Molecules can be moved from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, and This process can transport charged molecules.
Which statements accurately describe secondary active transport?
Molecules can be moved from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, No ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, This process can transport charged molecules, and This process can be driven by only potential energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient.
Which statements accurately describe facilitated diffusion?
Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, No energy in the form of ATP is required for this process to occur, A protein transporter is required, Molecules move directly through proteins called channels or carriers, This process can transport polar molecules and This process can transport charged molecules.
Which type of protein transport glucose out of the urine and into the tubular cell?
Sodium transporter (SGLT)
water molecule
Somewhat likely able to diffuse
How to find the concentration gradient
Subtract one region from another
Which protein(s) is a secondary active transporter(s)?
Symporter protein
amphilic
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
simple diffusion
movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
symporter proteins
moves two substances in the same direction, secondary active transporter