Which statements accurately describe simple diffusion?

net difusion

"downhill" flow of solute from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Fick's equation of diffusion

(pressure gradient x solubility x area) / (distance x square root of molecular weight)

permeability of membrane

- Selective - Molecule - Size - Nature (Polarity or Charge)

channel proteins

have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel

Secondary transport

low to high concentration, no, ATP required, protein transporter required, can transport, polar and charge molecules, potential energy in the form of electrochemical gradient

Osmolarity

measure of total concentration of solute particles

Microvilli

projections that increase the cell's surface area

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Difference between primary and secretary transport:

Primary requires ATP, but secondary requires a electrochemical gradient

Which method of transport accomplished by sodium glucose transporter (SGLT)?

Secondary active transport

Atoms O-O

Very likely able to diffuse

Sodium Molecules

Very unlikely be able to diffuse

Solvent

Water molecules, I a a liquid that dissolves ions or molecules to create a solution

symporter

A carrier protein that transports two molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction. For example, the Na+-glucose cotransporter in intestinal cells is a symporter.

antiporter

A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions.

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Concentration

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

Which protein(s) is a primary active transporter(s)?

ATPase

primary active transport

Active transport in which ATP is hydrolyzed, yielding the energy required to transport an ion or molecule against its concentration gradient.

Solute

An ion or molecule dissolve in a solvent

You are studying how a molecule called BD11 moves through the membrane of a red blood cell. Through some measurements, you observe the following:● BD11 is a large, polar molecule.● BD11 can move through the membrane in either direction.● BD11 always moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.● No ATP is required for BD11 to move through a membrane.● BD11 cannot pass through the membrane in the presence of a drug called FR14, but movement through the membrane resumes when the drug is removed. Based on these observations, BD11 is most likely transported by ________.

Carrier protein

A decrease in the area membrane would?

Decrease the rate of diffusion

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

secondary active transport

Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.

Doubling the area membrane would?

Increase the rate of net diffusion

Which statement best describes the difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport?

The answer is Primary active transport requires ATP, but secondary active transport requires an electrochemical gradient.

Carrier proteins transport molecules across the cell membrane by _________.

The answer is binding the molecule and changing shape to allow passage through the membrane

electrochemical gradient

The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).

Diffusion

The random movement of a particle and space caused by collisions with other particles

Villi

Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed

Carrier protein

Transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it

phospholipid bilayer

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward.

concentration gradient

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Uncharged and small, partially charge molecules can?

diffuse directly through the membrane without transport proteins

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

Charge molecules in large partially charge molecules need?

transport proteins

Temperature and Kinetic Energy

At the same Temperature all particles have the same average Kinetic energy

Which protein transporter(s) cannot move molecules across the membrane against a concentration gradient?

Channel protein and Carrier protein

Facilitated diffusion characteristics:

Hight to low concentration, no, ATP required, protein transport required, can transport charge molecules, can transport polar molecules, energy in the form of electrochemical gradient, all mole move through channels or carriers

Doubling the concentration gradient should?

Increase the rate of net diffusion

Polar molecules are less or more permeable?

Less permeable

primary active transport

Low to high concentration, ATP is required, protein transporter is required, can transport polar molecules, can transport charge molecules

Which statements accurately describe facilitated diffusion?

Molecules always move from areas of high to low concentration, No ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, This process can transport charged molecules, and This process requires only potential energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient.

Which statements accurately describe primary active transport?

Molecules can be moved from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, and This process can transport charged molecules.

Which statements accurately describe secondary active transport?

Molecules can be moved from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, No ATP is required, A protein transporter is required, This process can transport polar molecules, This process can transport charged molecules, and This process can be driven by only potential energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient.

Which statements accurately describe facilitated diffusion?

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, No energy in the form of ATP is required for this process to occur, A protein transporter is required, Molecules move directly through proteins called channels or carriers, This process can transport polar molecules and This process can transport charged molecules.

Which type of protein transport glucose out of the urine and into the tubular cell?

Sodium transporter (SGLT)

water molecule

Somewhat likely able to diffuse

How to find the concentration gradient

Subtract one region from another

Which protein(s) is a secondary active transporter(s)?

Symporter protein

amphilic

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

simple diffusion

movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

symporter proteins

moves two substances in the same direction, secondary active transporter