W.HIST_final exam
Which of the following are in correct chronological order?
(1) Congress of Vienna (2) Invention of the railroad (3) Industrialization of Japan
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Crimean War (2) Great Reforms (3) Russo-Japanese War
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) First World War (WWI) (2) Spanish Civil War (3) Vietnam War
Under the terms of the Versailles Treaty...
(1) Germany was blamed for the First World War (2) lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (3) Was forced to pay reparations
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Invention of the railroad (2) Construction of the Eiffel Tower (3) Invention of the airplane
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Napoleonic Wars (2) British acquisition of South Africa (3) Berlin Conference
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Napoleonic Wars (2) French conquest of Algeria (3) French conquest of Indochina
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Napoleonic Wars (2) Indian Rebellion (3) Zulu War
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Napoleonic Wars (2) Industrialization of Japan (3) Panama Canal #NIP
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Potsdam Conference (2) Construction of the Berlin Wall (3) Chernobyl Disaster
Which of the following is in the correct chronological order?
(1) Publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (2) Robert Owen's New Lanark (3) Publication of Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto
Which of the following are in the correct chronological order?
(1) Schlieffen Plan (2) Battle of Verdun (3) Versailles Treaty
In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia lost territory to
(none of the above)
The Japanese invasion of China provoked...
(none of the other statements are true)
This parallel divides North Korea and South Korea...
38th Parallel
What was the New Deal?
A collection of reforms intended to restart economic growth in the Depression-era United States.
According to John Ruskin, England must do what?
Acquire colonies
The most important precursor to the Industrial Revolution was the
Agricultural Revolution
Which retail companies in the nineteenth century became famous for their department stores and mail-order catalogs?
Au Bon Marché and Sears & Roebuck.
The germ theory of disease replaced the idea that sickness was caused by
Bad air
The second country to experience the Industrial Revolution and the first in continental Europe to industrialize was...
Belgium
Which of the following areas was a center of industrial activity in Austria-Hungary?
Bohemia
Which of the following areas was not a center of industrial activity in Germany?
Bohemia
Under the Sykes-Picot Agreement...
Britain and France divided up Ottoman territories in the Middle East, creating new, artificial borders that did not correspond where ethnic and religious groups lived.
Because it held territories in many different areas of the world, it was said in the nineteenth century that "the sun never sets" on this empire.
British
Which of the following countries are paired with their correct alliance system?
CENTRAL POWERS: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Which Pacific coast state rapidly urbanized as a result of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?
California
The blue and red lines in this image represent these in Great Britain and Ireland during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution.
Canals + rivers
In Operation Condor, military governments kidnapped, tortured, and killed suspected leftists and Communists the during 1970s and 1980s in
Chile & Argentina
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was fought between Japan and
China
Under the Treaty of Nanking...
China granted Britain control of Hong Kong.
In Unit 5, the Industrial Revolution is contrasted with all of the following revolutions except
Chinese
Which of the following products was not imported by Europeans during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?
Conflict in Asia and Europe became a single global war.
In Egypt, nationalism demonstrated how it was both...
Constructive and Destructive
What was the United States' policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
Containment (of communism)
How did the development of nationalism change notions of political superiority?
Countries saw themselves as more civilized or evolved than their neighbors.
The communist government of this Latin American nation was a major thorn in the side of the United States during the Cold War.
Cuba
The Nobel Peace Prize was named after the inventor of...
Dynamite
The use of cottage industry in Great Britain influenced
Early industrialization
Steel production made farming
Easier
John Locke and Adam Smith were important advocates of
Economic liberalism
Who altered Karl Marx's idea of revolution, replacing the idea of a violent revolution to overthrow capitalism with a peaceful, democratic revolution?
Eduard Bernstein
Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of this nation was a great shock to the Ottoman Empire.
Egypt
During the nineteenth century, Africa was called the "Dark Continent" by some Europeans. Why?
Europeans did not know what was in the center of Africa and called it the continent "dark" to express their ignorance.
Which of the following statements best describes fascism?
Fascism was a political ideology that advocated nationalism and was opposed communism and democratic freedoms
Industrialization included a revolution in all of the following except
Folklore
This nation saw a renewal of industrial growth during the decade before the outbreak of the First World War as its rivalry with Germany and vast colonial empire served as a catalyst for industrial growth.
France
Which nation was not part of the "bloodlands" between Hitler and Stalin?
France
As the bloodiest battle of the First World War, the 1916 battle of Verdun was fought between
French & German forces
In 1884-1885, the Berlin Conference divided Africa by
Geographic markers
Which of the following steps did the Nazis take against German Jews in the 1930s?
German Jews were stripped of their German citizenship.
Japan used the political and industrial model of which nation to avoid the fate that had befallen China?
Germany
This modern nation was born in 1871 with the unification of a number of previously confederated states.
Germany
The Schlieffen Plan stated that...
Germany should overpower France quickly before Russia could enter the war
Which of the following was a part of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany was held responsible for causing the war under the War Guilt Clause.
Which of the following was a reason why Japan adopted fascism?
Growing nationalism and militarism
Which of the following statements about American imperialism is correct?
Historian Frederick Jackson Turner put forward the "frontier thesis" in 1890 which argued that westward expansion and conquest was part of the American character
How did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?
Hitler became chancellor by lawful election when his Nazi party won the largest number of delegates to the German parliament and he was invited to form a government.
Known as the "Jewel in the Crown," this was the most important colony in the British Empire.
India
In 1922, this territory under British rule obtained its independence from Britain after a bloody conflict.
Ireland
How did the Opium Wars affect Japan?
It made the Tokugawa Shogunate realize that foreign governments could destabilize Japan as they had China.
Which of the following statements best describes the establishment of communist rule in China and Vietnam?
It was a decades-long violent struggle.
Although it had been influenced by and borrowed from Chinese civilization for many centuries, THIS NATION became the major colonial power in China during in the 1930s and 1940s.
Japan
With the Meiji Restoration, oligarchs came to power in this nation who were determined to compete with Europe and the United States.
Japan
Which of the following statements about the development of the germ theory of medicine is correct?
John Snow's efforts to fight cholera in London challenged the miasma theory of medicine and suggested germs caused illness.
As a result of World War I, which German colony was taken over and partitioned between Great Britain and France?
Kamerun (Cameroon)
During the nineteenth century, new inventions in transportation and communication such as the railroad, the steamship, the telegraph, the telephone, and improving in printing were used by all of the following except
Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars.
Which of the following statements is correct about the Napoleonic Wars?
Napoleon used the Continental System in an attempted to strangle Britain's economic, but experienced a terrible defeat when he invaded Russia in an attempt to keep it on the Continental System.
All of the following nations sent representatives to the Berlin Conference except
Nigeria
Membership in which organization committed the United States to the defense of Europe during the Cold War?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Which of these statements was true of fascism in Germany, but not in Italy?
Only German fascists claimed racial superiority and made a policy of persecuting minorities
In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the term the "Sick Man of Europe" referred to the failure to modernize and subsequent territorial decline of this empire.
Ottoman
Critiques of industrialization included all of the following except
Owners' rights
Which of the following territories did the United States not acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War?
Panama
In the first years after the 1949 Revolution, which of the following sectors of the Chinese population provided the most essential support for the Chinese Communist Party?
Peasants
During the Holocaust, most of the Nazi concentration camps were located in...
Poland
The most important raw material France gained from Indochina was
Rubber
As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, tens of millions people left Europe to emigrate to all of the following except...
Russia
In many ways, the industrialization of this empire differed from that of any other nation as described in Unit 5.
Russian
What was a result of the world wars?
Some former European colonies in Africa and Asia gained their independence.
Toward the end of the Second World War...
Soviet soldiers raped as many as two million German women and expelled millions of ethnic Germans from Poland, East Prussia, and Czechoslovakia.
During the 1930s, Soviet, German, and Italian forces were involved in a bloody civil war in...
Spain
The bloodiest battle of the Second World War (WWII) was...
Stalingrad
Why did the United States open diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1972?
Tensions between the PRC and the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin made a new PRC-United States relationship possible
France's industrial development was spurred by raw materials from its colony of Indochina, which included all of the following except...
Thailand
Why was the Battle of Midway in 1942 the turning point of the war in the Pacific?
The American navy sank four Japanese aircraft carriers, thus dealing a significant blow to the Japanese navy
What made the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris possible?
The Bessemer process, which led to the widespread production of cheap steel.
All of the following statements about the British rule of India were true except
The British ruled India with the consent of the Indian people.
Why was the idea of German nationalism so radical in the nineteenth century?
The Germanic kingdoms were numerous and loyalty was not given to an imagined entity like a state, but to a person, such as a king.
Which of the following measures brought Germany out of the Great Depression?
The Nazi government's investment in infrastructure and rearmament
In the nineteenth century, the French conquered Algeria, which previously was ruled by
The Ottoman Empire
What event triggered the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917?
The Provisional Government's decision to continue fighting in World War I
During the 1930s, which of the following states enjoyed full employment as much of the rest of the world struggled with high unemployment and sank into the Great Depression?
The Soviet Union
The first country to send a person into space was...
The Soviet Union
Which statement best describes the United States' role in World War I?
The United States entered the war late, but played an important role in the defeat of Germany.
Which of the following was a reason for the failure of the League of Nations?
The United States refused to join the League of Nations.
Which of the following statements is correct about nineteenth century anarchists?
The anarchist movement was an international movement that criticized both strong state power and industrial capitalism, occasionally using violence to oppose them.
In 1914, which event sparked World War I?
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
How did China regain its independence after World War II?
The defeat of Japan in World War II
Why did urban populations expand during the Industrial Revolution?
The development of factories in urban areas encouraged people to live closely together.
Why was the emperor reinstated during the Meiji Restoration?
The emperor was a symbol of a mythical past who could instill a sense of national pride. However, since he possessed no actual power, he could be manipulated.
How did ideas of imperialism and state superiority change during the 19th century?
They enhanced European governments' senses of superiority over non-Europeans.
Who invented the light bulb and pioneered the research laboratory for corporations?
Thomas Edison
What were the goals of the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan?
To provide United States with loans to Germany to help pay Germany's debts and war reparations
Which factor caused the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 to become a global pandemic?
Travel towards the end of the World War I, the lack of a vaccine, and immune systems weakened by years of war
Unit 5 examines the Industrial Revolution in all of the following except
Turkey
In the nineteenth century, France acquired this modern-day country in Asia as a colony
Vietnam
Which of the following areas was a center of industrial activity in Belgium?
Wallonia
German civil servants and Nazi officials put into motion the "Final Solution" to the Jewish question at the
Wannsee Conference
The government established in Germany after World War I was known as the...
Weimar Republic
During World War I, which of the following groups was brought into the workforce of many countries for the first time?
Women
The Great Depression was...
a crash in the United States stock market which affected many nations
The first stage of industrialization was characterized by
a growth of textile production and the use of coal.
What is industrialization?
A process by which machines and mechanization replaced human labor and skilled jobs were made easier through the introduction of machines.
What role did diseases play in World War I?
Diseases such as influenza killed more people than the war itself.
What was the Cold War?
Distrust between the Soviet Union and its capitalist rivals escalated into a series of wars which were fought in different locations around the world
Although it had been influenced by and borrowed from Chinese civilization for many centuries, this nation became the major colonial power in China during in the 1930s and 1940s.
Japan
Why were European national identities unclear in the nineteenth century?
Language boundaries and political borders were not the same.
Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included a plan to create an international organization made up of member states with the authority to resolve global disputes. This multinational body was known as the...
League of Nations
The Meiji government did all of the following except
Lose colonies
Critiques of industrialization by the woolen spinning industry included all of the following except...
Machines made workers' lives better
Workers' critiques of industrialization included which of the following?
Machines took workers' jobs
Which of the following was a reason why the Nazis were able to rise to power in Germany?
Many Germans were disgusted by the Weimar Republic's inability to ease the Great Depression, unemployment, and other problems.
The United States invested $12 billion in Europe's postwar recovery as part of this plan.
Marshall Plan
What did the Russian and Chinese revolutions have in common?
Marxist-Leninist ideology
Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in the United States?
Massive unemployment and economic distress occurred
The ideals behind industrialization included all of the following except
Mercantilism
Karl Marx faced fierce criticism and debate during his lifetime from
Mikhail Bakunin, an anarchist who predicted that Marx's ideas would result in an oppressive, centralized state.
Perestroika and glasnost were two programs of which Soviet leader?
Mikhail Gorbachev
Which of the following was a result of the Great Depression in Latin America?
Military dictators took control in several Latin American nations.
Which of the following statements best describes Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy?
Mussolini came to power through elections
Which new device during the nineteenth century originally used a system of communication known as Morse code?
Telegraph
France's motivation for engaging in imperialism resulted from
a desire to quell unrest in France.
Nationalism is...
a feeling of connection between people who share a language, religion, ethnicity, or territory
George Stephenson was famous for
his work developing the first railroad in Britain.
Quinine revolutionized medicine because...
it allowed British officials to live in tropical areas.
Racism changed in the 19th century because
it became linked to so-called "scientific truths" about a group or population.
After the completion of the Panama Canal...
the canal became the property of the United States and was an important strategic asset.
Karl Benz was most associated with
the invention of the internal combustion engine and the automobile.
During the Second World War, Unit 731
used Chinese civilians as guinea pigs for biological and chemical weapons research.
In the "bloodlands," the Nazi and Soviet regimes both
used hunger and famine as a weapon against their enemies
President William McKinley's attitude towards the Philippines demonstrates that the United States' decision to acquire the Philippines
was based on the desire to civilize the Philippines and imperialist motivations
During the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Christian Democratic parties in Europe
advocated more conservative positions on family and social issues, but were critical of some of the worst problems of capitalism
Jamsetji Tata was an example of all of the following except
an Indian farmer who was displaced and migrated to the Caribbean.
German nationalism expressed the revolutionary idea that...
an affinity for the king was less important than an affinity for one's fellow Germans.
The Monroe Doctrine...
asserted the United States' ability to protect Latin American countries' independence.
Oman was an exception to other examples of imperialism in that it
became an imperial power itself.
The Harlem Hellfighters were a regiment of African-American soldiers who
became the most decorated unit in the entire United States Army as a result of their service in Europe.
Nationalism and imperialism are linked in that
both ideas required other nations and cultures to identify against.
Russia industrialized certain regions...
by making them specialize in the manufacturing or extraction of goods.
Begun in 1928, the First Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union stressed...
centralized planning, heavy industry, and the collectivization of agriculture
Begun in 1928, the First Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union stressed
centralized planning, heavy industry, and the collectivization of agriculture.
The importance of child labor increased during the Industrial Revolution for all the following reasons except
child labor was never regulated in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries.
Imperial motivations in the 19th century differed from those earlier centuries in that
colonizing nations sold manufactured goods back to the colonies rather than keeping them in Europe.
Under the concept of Lebensraum, the Nazis aspired to...
conquer Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and settle these lands with Germans
As expressed by Adam Smith, capitalism argued that...
consumption was an important part of a healthy economy.
After World War I, the United States economy experienced...
continued production of goods which were in demand in war-ravaged Europe.
The Iron Curtain
described the division of Europe into a communist east and a capitalist west
During the nineteenth century, railroads in industrialized nations...
experienced tremendous expansion and attracted a great deal of investments.
In Russia, Jews...
faced racism and occasional violent repression at the hands of the tsarist government.
The telegraph...
facilitated communication over long distances.
Nationalism helped those living in Europe to reinforce
feelings of difference and superiority.
The Opium Wars were
fought to force China to open to trade with Europe and the United States.
The Opium Wars...
fought to force China to open to trade with Europe and the United States.
The case of South Africa was an unusual example of 19th century imperialism because Britain took the colony
from both the Dutch colonists and indigenous inhabitants.
Capitalism was supported by the some members of the lower classes because
it promised them liberation from rural life
The Trans-Siberian Railway was important for Russia because
it proved the success of the Russia's industrialization program.
The industrialization of the United States aided
its expansion
In the early years of the Industrial Revolution, factory work was characterized by
long hours, no breaks, and no food.
Critiques of industrialization included all of the following except
male participation in the workforce
During the Second Industrial Revolution...
many industrialized nations passed laws requiring children to attend school, greatly increasing education.
Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, China experienced
mass famine as well as a violent, bloody Cultural Revolution.
Nineteenth century imperialism differed from earlier forms in that
more European governments established directly ruled colonies.
European colonial power grew
most quickly between 1882 and 1914
John Green's definition of a nation-state includes all of the following except
murder.
Ottoman reforms failed because...
no one initially supported them
In the Belgian Congo, imperial rule was characterized by
organized violence and slavery to force the population to collect rubber for Leopold II
Telegraph lines could be laid
over the land and under the sea.
During the First World War, the Young Turks in charge of the Ottoman government
saw the Armenians, a Christian minority within the Ottoman Empire, as a threat, and pursued a policy of genocide that reduced the Armenian population in Anatolia by 90%
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union experience all of the following problems except
serious infighting among the top Communist leaders.
Socialism is a...
social and economic theory based on class struggle.
Biological determinism...
suggested that social and moral attitudes were linked genetically and inherited
Which was NOT a part of 1920s popular culture?
television (not invented yet)
Colonies were...
territories directly controlled by foreign powers.
Prior to the Indian Rebellion of 1857...
the British East India Company ran India as a private, for-profit venture.
In countries such as Brazil and Ghana that depended heavily on exports,
the Great Depression caused a significant drop in commodity prices.
China was not divided into colonies by the European powers as Africa had been since...
the Open Door Policy was intended to make China available to all foreign powers.
Industrialization stalled in the Ottoman Empire because
the Ottoman government signed a treaty with Britain that eliminated tariffs on British goods and flooded the domestic market with cheap textiles
Although the United States supported the independence of Cuba, it did not support the independence of
the Philippines
During the twentieth century, all of the following intervened in Vietnam with military forces EXCEPT...
the Soviet Union
During the twentieth century, all of the following intervened in Vietnam with military forces except...
the Soviet Union
During the Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949...
the Soviet Union blocked all land access to the portion of Berlin controlled by the West
During the Meiji Restoration, all of the following occurred except
the Tokugawa Shogunate modernized the country
Germany's use of submarine warfare against passenger and cargo ships played a key role in THIS NATION'S decision to declare war on Germany
the United States
What was the immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War I?
the Zimmerman Telegram
Russia's Great Reforms included...
the abolition of serfdom
Imperialism is...
the acquisition of a state's territory at the expense of another
This event marked the end of the Cold War in 1991.
the collapse of the Soviet Union
Imperialism was motivated by all of the following except
the ideal that all humans were equal and entitled to self government.
Nationalism traced its origins to
the liberal political revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The contributions of Bessemer, Siemens-Martin, and Carnegie to the steel industry demonstrate
the multinational nature of industrial development.
In Austria-Hungary, one of the largest impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the construction of...
the railway system
The Boxer Rebellion...
threatened the rule of the Qing Dynasty and was deeply opposed to western influence in China.
In 1961, the East German government erected the Berlin Wall
to keep East Germans from fleeing to West Germany
The Solidarity movement in Poland
was extremely popular and was closely associated with trade unions and the Roman Catholic Church, including Pope John Paul II
Robert Owen's town of New Lanark
was focused on making workers more efficient.
Before the British takeover of India, Indian manufacturing
was more productive than in Europe and was accomplished by human labor.
The Berlin Conference...
was organized by Otto von Bismarck and used by Belgium to extend their rule over the Congo
In the 1920s and 1930s, women in many countries
were given the right to vote