wisewire assignment 9
structure feature of the trachea
C-shaped cartilage
What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth?
It is absorbed shortly after birth.
When do fetal breathing movements begin?
around week 20
The coronary arteries branch off of the ________.
ascending aorta
In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________.
diastolic pressure
Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?
pharynx nasal cavity ****alveoli bronchi
Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?
pulmonary ventilation
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.
resistance
The endothelium is found in the ________.
tunica intima
The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.
visceral and parietal pleurae.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?
It diffuses into the alveoli.
When ventilation is not sufficient, what occurs?
The capillary constricts.
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes what to occur?
The ribs and sternum move upward.
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________.
aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
Venoconstriction increases
blood pressure within the vein blood flow within the vein return of blood to the heart
Nervi vasorum control ________.
both vasoconstriction and vasodilation
A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.
bronchopulmonary segment
Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branch from the ________.
celiac trunk
If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, what would you might expect?
difficulty inflating the lungs
The olfactory pits form from
ectoderm
Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of ________.
elastic fibers
Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a ________.
huge decrease in resistance
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.
hyperventilation
A form of circulatory shock common in young children with severe diarrhea or vomiting is ________.
hypovolemic shock
A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.
increase in
A healthy elastic artery ________.
is compliant
What prevents the alveoli from collapsing?
residual volume
The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
respiratory
Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?
temperature pH BPG ****all of the above
Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?
terminal bronchioles
Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________.
the cardiovascular center
Hydrostatic pressure is ________.
the pressure exerted by fluid in an enclosed space
What is the role of alveolar macrophages?
to remove pathogens and debris
The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________.
transpulmonary pressure
Which occurs during the chloride shift?
Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.
A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________.
Haldane effect
The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________.
drain blood from the right and left internal jugular veins drain blood from the right and left subclavian veins drain into the superior vena cava
A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________.
early childhood, around 8 years of age
what stimulates the production of erythrocytes?
erythropoietin
What structures separate the lung into lobes?
fissure
Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between
hemoglobin and oxygen
Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.
high; low
What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
increase surface area
Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.
internal respiration
The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.
liver
Blood islands are ________.
masses of developing blood vessels and formed elements scattered
The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows ________.
most freshly oxygenated blood to flow into the fetal heart
The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?
oral cavity
An especially leaky type of capillary found in the liver and certain other tissues is called a ________.
sinusoid capillary
Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to what
small venous reserve of oxygen
Net filtration pressure is calculated by ________.
subtracting the blood colloid osmotic pressure from the capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following best describes veins?
thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves
In the myogenic response, ________.
vascular smooth muscle responds to stretch
