WOH2001

Describe the European middle-class families during the late 19th century.

Mass leisure started because work patterns were created, new technology increased mass leisure. Music and dance halls appeared in the second half of the 19th century, as well as theme parks. People would vacation more, because they would get a paid vacation. Thomas Cook was a British pioneer of mass leisure, he organized a rail road trip to gatherings around the country in 1841. Team sports developed, such as soccer.

What role did socialists parties play in improving conditions for the working class?

Socialist parties created a national organization called the general confederation of labor, which was actually weak and ineffective due to the failure to include some of the more important individual unions.

protective tariffs and cartels

Tariffs guaranteed domestic markets for the products of their own industries. Cartels were independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas, thus restraining competition, which led to reduced prices

How did Japan become an industrial nation? What was one of the earliest industrial factories in Japan?

The Japanese government took control with the industrialization process. Japan developed key industries in tea, silk, and armament and ship-building. They also were isolated from most of the outside world, and became an industrial nation almost 5 times faster than other already industrialized countries.

Describe the social structure of the mass society.

The upper class was made up of 5% of the European population. 30-40% of the wealth was in the upper class. The middle class was about 15% of Europe. The lower class was 80% of the European population.

What was the women's role in the 19th century?

The women role in the 19th century was to get married or to be with someone. They realized that they were considered worth less than men and they got married instead trying to make a living with "white collared jobs".

What roles did trade union play in improving conditions for the working classes?

Trade unions won the right to strike in 1870, which helped gather groups of workers to fight for their rights in the job force. Their employers had no other choice, but to comply, otherwise, their businesses wouldn't be producing for the time the workers were on strike.

Why did female prostitution rise in European cities in the late 19th century?

Women also would turn to prostitution in order to make money, because the wages were too low and they needed money to survive

How did the Second Industrial Revolution have an impact on women?

Women had new job opportunities, however, they were the old factory jobs that the men had in the previous century. These jobs were called "white collar jobs.

What was the Second Industrial Revolution? What new products emerged in the Second Industrial Revolution? What effect did the Second Industrial Revolution have on European economic and social life?

*second industrial revolution was the outburst of "steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum." *The effect of European economic and social life was that living conditions got extremely better, Germany emerged on top with mass production. *There was a significant population increase. *Team sports emerged, more tourists, and there was a large amount of emigration to the countries in which the second industrial revolution affected the most.

How did Europe dominate the world economy during this period?

Europe dominated the world economy by domination international trade. They would have ridiculous return rates that would make importing resources from Latin and South America extremely cheap. With its capital, industries, and military might, Europe dominated the world economy by the end of the nineteenth century.

What was evolutionary socialism? How did Eduard Bernstein challenge Marx's class struggle?

Evolutionary socialism is a doctrine espoused by Eduard Bernstein who argued that socialists should stress cooperation and evolution to attain power by democratic means rather than by conflict and revolution

Germany industrial leadership

Germany had more money to invest in newer technology. They were also more accustomed to changed, meanwhile Great Britain wouldn't invest, which caused them to fall behind Germany. Also the education system in Germany was much more prevalent than in other countries involved with the second industrial revolution

How did the living conditions improve during the progressive era?

Living conditions got better do to urban reformists. Legislative acts created boards of health that brought governmental action to bear public health issues, Urban medical officers, and building inspectors were authorized to inspect dwellings for public health hazards.

European nation was the least advanced industrially

It was most of the South and East of Europe. Including Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, the New Balkan kingdoms, and Russia

What was the Housing Venture of Octavia Hill?

The housing venture of Octavia Hill tried convincing people that the poor need guidance and encouragement not charity.

What were the causes of European emigration to America?

The less industrialized countries in Europe were in dire need of work and money, so many people would immigrate to America, because industry was booming, and there were an endless amount of jobs

What was the main cause of population growth in Europe between 1850 and 1880? Why did the population decline after 1880?

The main cause of population growth in Europe between 1850 and 1880 was rise in birth rate, a decline in death rates.

mass society

larger and vastly improved urban environment, new patterns of social structure, gender issues, mass education, and mass leisure were also important features of European society. Lower classes play a prominent role

What was the anarchist movement?

the anarchist movement was an attempt to remove the "state" and remove all socialist movements. It believed people were inherently good, however, the power of the state made them bad.