Wolrd stinkulus final
Under the Ming dynasty, China's economy boomed, allowing cities to grow. What portion of the Chinese population lived in urban environments?
10 percent
According to best estimates, Aztec society comprised approximately __________ people in the late fifteenth century.
25 million
Which of the following were the five leading Afro-Eurasian hubs of maritime trade in the late tenth century?
Alexandria, Cairo, Quilon, Melaka, and Quanzhou
In what way was the principality of Moscow similar to both Japan and China in this period?
All three used territorial expansion and commercial networks to consolidate state power.
Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?
American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples, which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade.
became a unified "world" through trade and migration.
Between 1000 and 1300, Afro-Eurasia
Where did Muslim elites look for cultural inspiration?
China and the east
Which response best describes Columbus's reaction to encountering the New World?
Columbus thought he had found Asia, even though he had accidentally "discovered" something else
Which of the following represents a key lesson the Spanish learned from the conquest of the Aztec Empire?
Conquest needed to be completed quickly.
Which of the following statements is true about Buddhism in India from the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries?
Elements were mixed into Hinduism, with Hindus considering Buddha to be one of their deities.
What was the winning advantage of the Spanish against the Aztec Empire?
European diseases
Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?
European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another.
Why did the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople spread panic among Europeans?
Europeans feared that the Ottomans would hinder their trade with Asia.
What role did Europeans play in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century slave trade in Africa?
Europeans remained in coastal enclaves, depending on indigenous political and trading networks to bring slaves to them.
By 1789, which country held the richest sugar colony?
France
Which of the following was a consequence of the fact that European buyers preferred male slaves?
Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.
How did European seaborne commerce in Asia compare with its commerce in the Americas?
In Asia, European merchants struggled to conquer empires or control large territories.
Where and when did the coffeehouse first emerge?
In Islamic lands in the fifteenth century
How did the Ottoman Empire view trade?
It actively encouraged and protected trade.
Which of the following best describes the Chinese armada headed by Zheng He?
It aimed to control trade and tribute, not secure more territory.
Which of the following best describes Portuguese exploration?
It gradually took the Portuguese around the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean.
What is true of the encomienda system?
It led to great numbers of Amerindians perishing from disease, malnutrition, and overwork.
How did the Black Death impact the Church's influence in Europe?
It stimulated hostility and resentment against the Church among some Christians.
Which best describes the Holy Roman Empire?
It was a loose confederation of principalities clustered mainly in central Europe
What was a main cause of the Cahokia's downfall?
Its inhabitants depleted their resources until they could no longer sustain their civilization.
In the days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japanese culture blended elements of __________ cultures. Correct! Japanese, European, and Chinese
Japanese, European, and Chinese
Which of the following describes events in the Kongo kingdom in the seventeenth century?
Kidnapping became so prevalent that cultivators worked their fields bearing weapons, leaving their children behind in guarded stockades.
Which of the following was an effect of the enclosure of common lands in the English countryside during the seventeenth century
Landowners began to plant new crops to sell in distant, instead of domestic, markets.
What led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies?
Little mineral wealth was found in the English, French, or Dutch colonies.
Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?
Military campaigns and a growing population strained the empire's resources.
After the Yuan dynasty collapsed in China, it was replaced by the
Ming dynasty.
Which is an accurate comparison of the Ottoman, Mughal, and Ming Chinese leaders during this period?
None benefited substantially from the foreign commerce in which their merchants engaged.
A Christian state that looked to Byzantium for spiritual, cultural, and architectural inspiration developed in
Russia.
Which of the following accurately describes labor on Caribbean sugar plantations?
Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion, working up to sixteen-hour days.
Which of the following was the most lucrative source of wealth for European planters in the Americas in the seventeenth century?
Sugar
How did the Asante kingdom use its access to gold to begin its growth and development?
The Asante used their gold to buy firearms, which they used to raid neighboring communities for captives to be sold as slaves.
What is the best explanation for how China avoided the religious warfare of post-Reformation Europe?
The Chinese believed in a cosmic unity and emperors promoted religious tolerance.
For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except for the Dutch?
The Dutch did not proselytize.
For what reason did the Dutch kill or enslave nearly the entire population of the Banda Islands?
The Dutch wanted to buy nutmeg at a low price in the Banda Islands and sell nutmeg at many times that price in Europe.
Which of the following was a consequence of the political and economic disorder in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century?
The Mamluks in Egypt asserted political and commercial autonomy.
How did the Mongol invasions contribute to the rise of the Ottomans?
The Mongols' military forays opened up Anatolia to new political forces.
Which response describes the relationship between Ottoman power and Islamic religious authority?
The Ottomans built new mosques, supported religious schools, and claimed they were caretakers for the welfare of Islam.
What was Portugal's strategy when approaching Indian Ocean commerce?
The Portuguese used cannons to bombard ports, rival navies, and enemy merchants.
What was a consequence of the Turkish invasions of India?
The Turks retained their Islamic beliefs but thought of themselves as Indian.
the Empire of Mali
The figures of Sundiata and Mansa Musa and the cities of Jenne and Timbuktu correspond to what African polity?
Which of the following undermined both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?
The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation, which undermined their economic autonomy.
What effect did new Chinese technologies have on Song China?
The world's first manufacturing revolution was brought about.
How did Japanese leaders respond to China's growing power?
They distanced themselves from Chinese culture and developed their own identity.
How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?
They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes.
How did European monarchs strengthen their rule during the fourteenth century?
They established rules of succession to keep their lineage in power.
The Chimú Empire, the Toltecs, and the Cahokia had which of the following in common between 1000 and 1300?
They had strong commercial expansionist impulses.
Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?
They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture.
What was the major reason that European states wanted to prevent their New World colonies from trading with other states?
They wanted to prevent the spread of wealth to states other than their own.
Which of the following best characterizes the Mongols?
They were nomads whose warriors could ride up to seventy miles per day.
Which of the following was the most common way that African slaves in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement?
Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands.
What was one of the most significant effects of severe climate conditions on the Islamic world?
Turkish groups from central Asia invaded a weakened Abbasid state in Mesopotamia.
In general, the slave trade helped shift wealth toward which African social group?
Warrior elites
Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states?
Weak rulers and internal divisions
acceptance of religious minorities as long they accepted Islam's ultimate political dominion
What characterized the general attitude of Islamic rulers toward religious minorities?
Great Britain emerged as the world's strongest colonial power, making it harder for indigenous people to pit European powers against one another.
What was a global effect of the Seven Years' War?
What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?
What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?
improved navigational aids, such as the needle compass
Which of the following contributed the most to the maritime revolution that facilitated the growth of long-distance trade?
Spain's decision to support Columbus's westward expedition resulted in part from
a desire to expand Spanish wealth and power and to spread Catholicism in Eurasia.
In the period between 1000 and 1300, India was
a diverse mosaic of different cultures, religions, and ethnicities.
Which of the following was the principal long-term effect of the Crusades?
a hardening of Muslim opinion against Franks and nonwestern Christians
Attempts to Christianize America's indigenous populations led to
a hybridization or mixture of Christian and indigenous American beliefs.
John Locke and Adam Smith believed that the best system to govern society was
a mixed system of authority and freedom.
The Mughals
absorbed and adopted European military technology.
What aspects of intellectual life reflected the aspirations and commitments of the Safavid ruling elite?
architecture and art that celebrated Shiite visions of the sacred and reinforced the authority of the empire
The Renaissance led to new ideas about politics that
began to lay the foundations for new forms of government that challenged the traditional sources of authority.
The epidemic associated with the Black Death impacted Eurasian institutions by
challenging the power of religious authorities.
During the days of Columbus, most Europeans viewed the peoples of the Americas as either
childlike innocents or savages.
In its dealings with European traders, the Ming dynasty government
confined them to port cities.
The Ming court generally believed that international trade was
dangerous enough to ban it but not so much to completely enforce the ban.
The position of sultan combined which the following social functions?
defender of the faith, protector of the holy cities, military commander
The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:
dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population.
The Ming dynasty emperors used _________ to enhance their legitimacy.
elaborate rites and ceremonies
The Ming Dynasty's administrative and economic difficulties were evidenced by:
failure to respond effectively to natural disasters
Based on current understanding, which of the following laid the foundation for the rapid spread of the Black Death throughout Eurasia?
famines, droughts, and cooler weather in Eurasia caused by climate change
Which response best describes Ottoman culture?
flexible, relatively tolerant, and diverse
In early modern Europe, the printing press
gave voice to political views different from those of the king.
Which of the following groups did the church persecute in the aftermath of the Black Death?
heretics, Jews, Muslims, prostitutes, homosexuals, and "witches"
Which of the following contributed to the strength of the Mongols?
horseback-riding technologies, such as stirrups and saddles
Which of the following contributed to the development of Europe's Christian identity?
increase in the number of churches and universities
Mughal strength rested on
military power
For which artistic medium were artisans in the Oyo Empire and Benin best known?
refined metal and bronze works
The Ottoman state and western European states
regularly fought one another over religious and economic issues.
In the sixteenth century, the Reformation led to
religious warfare between Protestants and Catholics.
Which of the following best characterizes the Renaissance?
rising interest in Roman and Greek antiquity
What was the primary commodity used by Europeans to trade with the Chinese?
silver
Which of the following "commodity" lists best describes the Atlantic trade of the seventeenth century?
silver, sugar, and slaves
The African slave trade under Islam
sold slaves to work as soldiers, sailors, domestic servants, or plantation workers.
In general, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the church
supported political dynasties in their efforts to consolidate and rule over the population of western Europe.
Much of China's silver imports came from Japan and
the Americas.
A common response to the Black Death in both Europe and China was
the birth of popular religious movements
Why did Great Britain take control of eastern Australia?
to create a prison colony
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktu
was a major point of congregation, bringing together knowledge from around the Muslim world.
Which of the following attracted Europeans to Asia?
wealth and the profits it offered merchants and kings alike
Under Akbar, Mughal India represented one of the world's __________ empires.
wealthiest
Which of the following areas in the Eurasian world experienced the greatest degree of social fragmentation in the wake of the Black Death?
western Europe
