WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOW

Place each racial-ethnic group in order from least to most likely to marry across racial-ethnic lines.

W, B, H, A, AI

Identify the shared pressures that Chinese and U.S. parents face.

Shared Pressure(s) - Many parents spend a lot of money on child-development activities. - Women are largely responsible for rearing children.

Kevin proposed to Denique one evening, at the end of an anniversary date at their favorite restaurant. They announced their engagement to friends and family the next day. Over the next several months, they prepared for their wedding. They set a date and location and coordinated with caterers. They met with a minister who counseled them on their new roles and discussed the wedding procedures with them. They brought their families together to meet at a late spring picnic. They registered for new household items—dishes, linens, kitchen appliances, and some fun items. Friends held an engagement party for them as well as bachelor and bachelorette parties closer to the date of the wedding. They opened a joint bank account and made a plan for how to organize their finances. Finally, in June they had their rehearsal dinner and, the next day, their wedding ceremony and reception. Their friends and family attended, standing witness to their vows and celebrating their new status with them.

- counseled them on their new roles - brought their families together - registered for new household items - opened a joint bank account - standing witness to their vows

What is the average cost of weddings today?

35, 000

Identify the impacts of educational attainment on parenting.

Impact(s) - Parents with more education have better access to jobs that allow them flexibility, expanding their options for parenting. - Parents with more education are more likely to follow the most recent advice on parenting.

Identify the reasons why married couples with children are much less likely to be poor than single mothers with children.

Reason(s) - People tend to marry others with similar levels of education. - Marriage is more common for people with college degrees than those without college degrees.

Identify the reasons why people in American society are delaying or avoiding marriage.

Reason(s) - People want to wait until their finances are in order. - A rising number of people simply don't believe in marriage.

Nadia decided to use an online dating site because it was difficult to find potential dates amid work, school, and time with family. She enjoyed perusing profiles and finding people she thought she might connect with. Recently, she received messages from Antonio and Clyde, and both suggested meeting up for coffee. She was torn, because Antonio had attended a small liberal arts college and already had a steady job, much like herself, whereas Clyde was similar to her based on her interests in the outdoors and pets, but he did not have a college degree or a steady job. Against her instincts, she set up a date with Clyde. Nadia hoped that someday she would find a partner who fit all of her preferences, but living in a small town, she didn't have a lot of options.

She was torn Against her instincts, she set up a date with Clyde she didn't have a lot of options

The textbook argues that increasing numbers of cohabiting couples could mean that marriage is eroding and being replaced by short-term cohabitation, or that cohabitation is replacing marriage as a form of long-term relationship. Identify the evidence that supports each argument.

Short-Term Cohabitation Replacing Long-Term Marriage - Most cohabitations in the United States last fewer than six months. - Cohabiting couples report lower levels of commitment than married couples.

Based on this figure, identify the ways that family diversity has increased since 1960.

Way(s) - There is greater representation of non-two-parent family structures. - There are far fewer father-only families than mother-only families in all racial-ethnic groups.

In recent decades, parental insecurity has been increasing, as more and more experts are giving ___ about how to be good parents. In addition to this practice by experts, parental insecurity is enhanced by the ___ number of children parents have today and the ___ that they face.

advice smaller economic insecurity

Half a century ago, adoptions were often ___. In contrast, today they are more often ___. Today, almost all adopted children ___ they live in an adoptive family.

secretive open know

Match each type of unmarried parent to the appropriate description.

single and not typically poor - alone older women not ready or willing to marry yet and typically poor - young adults

Match each reason for marriage to the appropriate example.

Imitation - Laurel and Isaac had been living together for several years, but they started thinking about marriage after attending their friend Margaret's wedding. Incentives - Julie and Declan considered marrying when Declan lost his job and his health insurance, so he could be covered by Julie's policy.

Karen's parents were very attentive to her development and performance in school. They made sure she knew she should ask her teacher questions when she was unsure of what to do in school. They also talked to Karen about her day in school every evening. They attended parent-teacher conferences and talked to other parents when they were concerned about how the school was handling Karen's attention problems. Their close friends, the Matthews, had a son in the same grade who sometimes came to them with questions as well; the four parents enjoyed socializing with one another.

ask her teacher questions talked to Karen attended parent-teacher conferences talked to other parents

Identify the impacts of transitions on children's stress and well-being.

Impact(s) - They can disrupt the emotional ties and support systems built between children and household members. - They can change the level of economic security of the household.

Based on what you read in the "Changing Culture" section, why would the culture of intensive parenting contribute to more people choosing to be childfree?

The culture of intensive parenting ramps up expectations

Based on the "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic for Chapter 8 and the accompanying figure in the textbook, identify the true statements.

True Statement(s) - A higher percentage of women than men ever get married. - The gap between marital status in 1970 and in 2015 narrows with age.

Identify the true statements about religious intermarriage in the United States.

True Statement(s) - Ethnic assimilation has resulted in increased rates of religious intermarriage for some groups. - Intermarriage rates for conservative Protestant groups have not changed much over time.

Identify the statements that are true of adoptive parents.

True Statement(s) - They are parents via a legal agreement. - They are parents to a child or children they did not produce biologically. - They have rights and obligations enforced by the U.S. government.

In 1996, the U.S. Congress ended ___ and voted in ____. This move instituted Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, which implemented ____ requirements and funded ___ activities.

- Aid to Families with Dependent Children - the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act' - work - marriage promotion

Educational endogamy means that college-educated men tend to marry women who have a ___ degree. Marriage partners today are also often ____ in their career expectations. Together, these trends contribute to increased similarity within couples and increased ___ among couples.

- College - Similar - Inequality

Place the following events in the gay rights movement in chronological order.

- Stone - Signing - Initiation - Supreme

About ___ percent of pregnancies that do not end in miscarriage are aborted in the United States. The vast majority of these abortions take place in the ___ trimester of the pregnancy.

19 first

Identify the ways marriage brings about health benefits.

- through enhanced status - through increased cooperation - through changes in behavior

Click on the bars in the time period in which living in the home with a grandparent was most and least common.

1 and 5

What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision?

A woman's right

Place the racial-ethnic groups in order from lowest to highest fertility rate.

AL A W H

Identify the accurate conclusions drawn from the figure.

Accurate Conclusion(s) - The birth rate for women over age 30 has been steadily increasing since 2000. - The birth rate for women under age 30 declined beginning in 2007. - The greatest decline in birth rates has occurred among those under the age of 24.

Based on the figure, identify the accurate statements.

Accurate Statement(s) - Fertility in the baby boom era (represented by women who reached the end of their childbearing years in the 1980s) was driven up largely by women having four or more children. - Fertility in 2006 was lower than at any other point on the graph.

Read this blog post on the 10th Circuit Court's 2014 decision in Kitchen v. Herbert on same-sex marriage.

Argument(s) of the Court - Same-sex and heterosexual couples alike may decide either to procreate or not to procreate. - There is no comparison between no-fault divorce and same-sex marriage. - No evidence exists to suggest that children raised by same-sex couples would fare worse than those raised by heterosexual couples.

Identify the conclusions that one can draw from this figure.

Conclusion(s) - Women with BA degrees or higher show the lowest rates of infertility. - Infertility is less equal across race/ethnicity than educational attainment.

Place the women from the following racial-ethnic groups in order from the lowest to the highest marriage rates.

B, L, W, A

Identify the scenarios that could cause a "marriage squeeze."

Cause(s) - a sudden fertility rate (that is, the number of children born to each woman) drop among young women - a large influx of young adult male migrants into the country

Identify the challenges that studying fathers presents to researchers.

Challenge(s) - Only 3 percent of single parents are fathers. - Some fathers do not live in households with their children.

Identify the concerns that critics expressed about the federal government's funding marriage promotion.

Concern(s) - Poverty, not singlehood, was to blame for major social problems. - Men and women in abusive relationships might be encouraged to stay in those relationships.

Identify the factors that contributed to families' having fewer children during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Contributing Factor(s) - More children lived into adulthood. - Children's labor was not needed. - Raising children cost more money.

Beginning in the 1970s, there has been a steady ___ in marriage rates for women. This is commonly referred to as the ___ and indicates the declining number of ___ per unmarried woman.

Decline Retreat Weddings

Since 1900, family size has steadily ___, except during the ___. Today, the most common American family with children has ___ child[ren].

Decreased Baby Bloom Two

Match each social group to the form of cohabitation with which its members are most associated.

Divorced and widowed individuals - cohabitation after marriage Young adults - cohabitation before marriage

Identify which characteristics are associated with endogamy and which are associated with exogamy.

Endogamy - less extreme today than in ancient times - useful for maintaining distinct cultures and traditions

Identify the examples of transitions that may add to children's stress and affect their development.

Example(s) - a mother's boyfriend's moving into the home - an aunt's moving in after losing her job - moving to a new, safer neighborhood

Identify each example of a selection effect.

Example(s) of Selection Effect - People who marry may earn higher wages because higher earners are more attractive mates. - Cohabitors may have a more equal division of labor in the home than married couples because those who value equity may be more likely to cohabit.

The total fertility rate in the United States is currently 1.82, which is the same as the replacement fertility rate.

F

Identify the factors that tend to be associated with members of a racial-ethnic group who marry outside of their own group at higher rates.

Factor(s) - belonging to a relatively small racial-ethnic group - family acceptance of other racial-ethnic groups

Identify the factors that likely contribute to a doubling in the percentage of adults who do not live with children.

Factor(s) - delayed marriage and childbearing - greater educational and occupational attainment for women

Which of the following factors explain why Americans spend far fewer of their adult years in marriage now compared with the 1950s?

Factor(s) - delays in when men and women first marry - increased incidence of divorce

Label the figure according to parenting types: authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful.

HH - authoritative HL - indulgent LH - authoritarian LL - neglectful

How have parents' reasons for having children changed over time?

Having children is more of an emotional

Complex economic factors affect who is more likely to marry. Identify whether the following statements are more likely to be associated with low-income people or high-income people.

High-Income People - have no need for a financial partnership - are sought after on the marriage market

Marriage rates have declined overall since the 1960s, but they have fallen faster for some groups over others. Match each group to the appropriate label based on whether its members have a higher or lower chance of marrying in any given year.

Higher - the wealthy - college

Latinos have the ___ fertility rate of all racial-ethnic groups in the United States. This is due to several factors, including Latinos' high rate of religious commitment to ___ lower levels of ___, cultural expectations to have children, and immigration.

Highest Catholicism Education

Identify each circumstance that increases or decreases the opportunity cost of having a child.

Increases - getting the first job in one's chosen career field after college - getting a promotion at work

The modern era is defined by the importance of ___, which makes ___ marriage somewhat of a paradox. However, as the textbook explains, this paradox is resolved by portraying love as the result of individual ___.

Individualism Lifelong Choice

According to economist Gary Becker, the process of finding a partner is like a ____ where you get the ___ spouse with the ___ you have.

Marketplace Best Assest

Which statement describes the assumptions that underlie Becker's marketplace theory of marriage?

Marriage is voluntary and there

Label the two remaining parts of the figure according to the percentage of births to each type of mother.

Married mothers (60)

Click on the bands that represent the highest and lowest proportions of 45-year-old women in the United States, according to their childbearing rates.

Middle Top

For each comparison, identify whether the first group listed is likely to report more or less happiness in their marriages, on average, than the second group.

More Happiness - Whites versus Blacks - wealthy versus poor

Identify each group of people as more or less likely to use assisted reproductive technology.

More Likely - Same Sex Couples - Individuals who anticipate damage - Older couples

Identify the parental changes brought about by intensive mothering.

Parental Change(s) - Mothers spend more time with children. - Parenting comes with greater stressors.

Identify the reasons why international adoptions in the United States peaked in 2004.

Reason(s) - Adoptions from some nations were halted entirely. - Ethical and legal violations were more closely scrutinized.

Identify the reasons why a large majority of adults eventually marry.

Reason(s) - Marriage brings both legal and symbolic rewards. - People tend to do what others around them have done. - Media, family, and religious leaders pressure people to marry.

Match each example use of technology to one of sociologist Margaret Nelson's categories of how parents use technology: connection, constraint, or spying.

Spying - installing apps on children's phones to track their activity Constraint - using controls to block children from using certain apps

Identify the statements that are supported by the data in the figure.

Supported Statement(s) - Marriage rates among Black men have been dropping steeply since at least 1950. - Women of all racial-ethnic groups marry at a higher rate than men.

According to the textbook, marriage is both a symbolic and a legal status. Identify whether each example is related to the symbolic or legal status of marriage.

Symbolic - feeling esteemed and accepted in one's neighborhood - opening a joint bank account and merging finances

Based on the figure, what conclusion can we draw about first-time cohabitors in the United States?

The majority are still

Place the following events in the history of childhood in chronological order.

Young The Gov Children Cities

Infertility is typically defined as the ___ to have a successful ___ despite having sex without ___ for ___ months.

failure pregnancy contraception 12

Watch the "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic for Chapter 9.

health care for a low-income family - $15,120 child care and education for a high-income family - $86,820 transportation for a high-income family - $49,860

Alexa and Jon tried to have children for many years without success, leading to a diagnosis of ___. Now older and unsuccessful at other means of having children, they refer to themselves as ___. Their friends Deb and Shira, however, refer to themselves as ___ to denote their choice not to have or adopt children.

infertility childless childfree

Identify the reasons why women with less education have more children, on average, than women with more education.

Reason(s) - Schooling delays the start of childbearing. - The opportunity cost of having children is lower for less educated women.

Watch the "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic for Chapter 8.

Reason(s) - Unemployment rates among Black men and men who have not completed college are high. - Marriage is less central to how young people define a happy life. - Many women do not need marriage for financial stability.

Identify the reasons why Black men and women have the lowest rates of marriage compared with other racial-ethnic groups.

Reason(s) - a high economic standard for marriage held by Black men and women - high unemployment rates among Black men

Parenting involves raising a child, and parents do this by providing three categories of skills or resources. First, parents forge ___ with their children, providing them with love and support and receiving love in return. Second, parents also ____ heir children by modeling behaviors and by instruction. Third, parents build ___ that help them parent and provide resources.

Social Bond Socialize Social Network