Word formation (Destination C1 & C2)

overplay

overplay something to give too much importance to something His role in the negotiations has been overplayed.

You look __________________. THOUGHT

quiet because you are thinking about something: You look thoughtful.

reappearance

the act of appearing again after not being heard of or seen for a period of time The horse made a winning reappearance at Newmarket last weekend.

artifice

the clever use of tricks to cheat somebodySYNONYM cunning Pretending to faint was merely (an) artifice. the artifices of the theatre

She ________________ her swing and the ball went into the net. TIME

to do something at the wrong moment with the result that it is unsuccessful or has an unwanted effect: She mistimed her swing and the ball went into the net.

domineer

to dominate; to be bossy

The error can be ________________ corrected. SPEED

The error can be speedily corrected.

irresolution

the quality of not being able or willing to make decisions or take action : "Come here, Johnny!" she said, after several seconds of irresolution. The film's irresolution is its greatest strength.

solidify

to change from being a liquid or gas to a solid form, or to make something do this: Molten volcanic lava solidifies as it cools. The chemical reaction solidifies the resin.

unenviable

difficult or unpleasant; that you would not want to have She was given the unenviable task of informing the losers. OPPOSITE enviable

dutiful

doing everything that you should do: a dutiful son/husband

impressed

admiring somebody/something because you think they are particularly good, interesting, etc. I must admit I am impressed. impressed by somebody/somethingWe were all impressed by her enthusiasm. He was particularly impressed by her essay. impressed with something She was suitably impressed (= as impressed as somebody had hoped) with the painting.

The main weakness of the proposal is _________________. CONCEPT

based on ideas or principles: The main weakness of the proposal is conceptual.

favourite

best liked or most enjoyed: "What's your favourite colour?" "Green." my favourite restaurant/book/song least favourite liked or enjoyed the least: Cleaning the toilets is my least favourite job.

prolonged

continuing for a long time: Prolonged use of the drug is known to have harmful side-effects.

observant

good at noticing things around youSYNONYM sharp-eyed Observant walkers may see red deer along this stretch of the road. How very observant of you! She keeps an observant eye on developments in education. He was acutely observant of the poverty around him.

satisfactory

good enough for a particular purposeSYNONYM acceptable a satisfactory explanation/answer/solution/conclusion The work is satisfactory but not outstanding. The existing law is not entirely/wholly satisfactory. A bonus will be paid on satisfactory completion of the contract. Her condition after the operation was described as 'satisfactory'.

fortunately

happening because of good luck: Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain. Synonymluckily

infinitesimal

extremely small: The amounts of radioactivity present were infinitesimal. Synonymemicroscopic specializedminutetiny

understated

not trying to attract attention or impress people: approving He's very elegant, in an understated way. Synonym

outclass

outclass somebody/something to be much better than somebody you are competing against Kennedy was outclassed 0-6 0-6 in the final. In design and quality of manufacture the cars were totally outclassed by their Italian competitors.

spacious

large and with a lot of space: a spacious house/living room spacious accommodation Synonymroomy approving

addenda

plural of addendum specialized

overactive

(of part of the body) producing too much of a substance, or reacting too quickly: With an overactive thyroid, metabolism speeds up. Over-active bladder is a frequent and urgent need to use the toilet. Oppositeunderactive (of someone's mind or imagination) thinking too much about things: She had dismissed the voices as figments of her overactive imagination. I have a terribly over-active mind and anything that's happened in the day whirls around my headendlessly.

A ______________ solution/compromise/proposal. WORK

A workable plan or system can be used effectively: A workable solution/compromise/proposal.

ineffective

not producing the effects or results that are wanted: They made an ineffective attempt to get the ruleschanged. The army has proved ineffective in protecting the civilian population.

The damage to the car after the accident was _____________ and repairs cost a fortune. CONSIDER

The damage to the car after the accident was considerable and repairs cost a fortune

The _____________ scenery of Suffolk was the inspiration for the painter John Constable. PICTURE

The picturesque scenery of Suffolk was the inspiration for the painter John Constable.

The side wall of the house had to be ______________. STRONG

The side wall of the house had to be strengthened.

7. These solar batteries will work not only when the sun is shining but as long as there is any __________. DAY

These solar batteries will work not only when the sun is shining but as long as there is any daylight.

7. This country house was the scene where the __________ murderer Collins was finally arrested. FAME

This country house was the scene where the infamous murderer Collins was finally arrested.

underweight

Underweight people weigh too little and are too thin: According to the hospital chart he's four kilos underweight.

He made a sudden __________________ and frightened the bird away. MOVE For a long time after the accident, he had no __________________ in (= was unable to move) his legs.

a change of position: He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away. For a long time after the accident, he had no movement in (= was unable to move) his legs. Her movements were somewhat clumsy.

talkie

a cinema film with speech and sound made during the period when most films were silent Vergleichensilent film UK

terror

a feeling of extreme fear a feeling of sheer/pure terror Her eyes were wild with terror. in terror People fled from the explosion in terror. He lives in terror of (= is constantly afraid of) losing his job. Some women have a terror of losing control in the birth process. (literary) The very name of the enemy struck terror into their hearts.

admiration

a feeling of respect for and approval of somebody/something He never lost the admiration of his students. admiration for somebody/somethingI have great admiration for her as a writer. in admiration to watch/gaze in admiration

worthlessness

a feeling that you have no good qualities or useful skillsa sense of worthlessnessfeelings of guilt and worthlessness ​the fact of having no practical or financial valuethe worthlessness of all her promises to himThe country's currency descended into utter worthlessness.

They lost what was regarded as the championship ______________ at Leeds. DECIDE Jones scored the ______________ in the final minute.

a final game or competition that allows one person or team to win, or the winning point scored: They lost what was regarded as the championship decider at Leeds. Jones scored the decider in the final minute.

repairer

a person or company that is paid to repair things: a car/ship/watch repairer The helpline offers customers a choice of approved repairers in their area.

aggressor

a person or country that starts an argument, fight, or war by attacking first Synonymsassailant formalattacker

user

a person or thing that uses something road users The service allows users to download and read a wide collection of books for no charge. computer/internet/mobile phone users wheelchair users

resident

a person who lives or has their home in a place: a resident of the UK/Australia The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces. The hotel bar was only open to residents (= to people staying at the hotel).

abuser

a person who makes bad use of something or uses so much of something that it harms their healtha drug abuser ​a person who treats another person or animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually

valuer

a person whose job is to examine a building, an object, etc. and say how much it is worth

folder (Ordner)

a piece of plastic or cardboard folded down the middle and used for keeping loose papers in

unrest

a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest or fight industrial/civil/social/political/popular unrest There is growing unrest in the south of the country.

match

a sports event where people or teams compete against each other (British English) a football match (North American English, British English) a tennis match a league match They are playing an important match against Liverpool on Saturday. to win/lose a match

impressionism

a style in painting developed in France in the late 19th century that uses colour to show the effects of light on things and to suggest atmosphere rather than showing exact details

threat

a suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially if a particular action or order is not followed: [ + to infinitive ] Her parents carried out their threat to take away her mobile phone if her grades didn't improve. The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime. Drunken drivers pose a serious threat (= cause a lot of harm) to other road users. He says he'll tell the authorities but it's just an empty threat (= it will not happen).

A chair with _________________ armrests. MOVE

able to be moved: A chair with movable armrests.

provocation

an action or statement that is intended to make someone angry: He'd fly into a rage at the slightest provocation.

association

an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purposeSYNONYM organization Do you belong to any professional or trade associations? a residents' association

seeming

appearing to be something, especially when this is not true: He said, with seeming embarrassment, that he would have to cancel the meeting. Synonymeapparentostensible formal

__________________ mail/phone calls an incoming flight. COME

arriving at or coming towards a place: Incoming mail/phone calls an incoming flight.

morraly

based on principles that you or people in general consider to be right, honest, or acceptable: Morally, you're right, but in practice I don't think it would work. For a teacher to hit a child is not just morally wrong but also illegal. She thinks she's morally superior to the rest of us.

humane

being kind towards people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary a caring and humane society These regulations ensure the humane treatment of all refugees. Campaigners claim that the animals are not being kept in humane conditions. the humane killing of animals OPPOSITE inhumane

transitional

belonging or relating to a change, or the process of change, from one form or type to another: a transitional government

choosy

careful in choosing; difficult to pleaseSYNONYM fussy, picky I'm very choosy about my clothes.

selfish

caring only about yourself rather than about other people selfish behaviour Do you think I'm being selfish by not letting her go? What a selfish thing to do! It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you.

resulting

caused by the event or situation that you have just mentioned: The tape was left near a magnetic source, and the resulting damage was considerable.

outstanding

clearly very much better than what is usual: an outstanding performance/writer/novel/year It's an area of outstanding natural beauty. Synonymexcellent

wordy

containing too many words: As usual she gave a reply which was wordy and didn't answer the question.

inactive

doing nothing: It's bad for your health to be physically inactive. The property market remains largely inactive.

leisurely

done without hurrying a leisurely meal They set off at a leisurely pace.

analytical

examining or liking to examine things in detail, in order to discover more about them: He has a very analytical mind. Some students have a more analytical approach to learning.

Picking your nose is a ________________ habit. REVOLT

extremely unpleasant: a revolting smell of rotting cabbage Picking your nose is a revolting habit. Synonyms: disgusting, foul, loath, some, repellent

invaluable

extremely usefulSYNONYM valuable invaluable information invaluable to/for somebody/something The book will be invaluable for students in higher education. invaluable in something The research should prove invaluable in the study of children's language.

sportsmanship

fair, generous and polite behaviour, especially when playing a sport or game He has a reputation for fair play and good sportsmanship.

distantly

far away: He heard, distantly, the sound of the sea. They're distantly related.

The 1990s were a period of ________________ change/growth. RAPIDITY I was startled by a ________________ movement to my left. His response to the accusation was ________________.

fast or sudden: The 1990s were a period of rapid change/growth. I was startled by a rapid movement to my left. His response to the accusation was rapid.

She was ______________________ confused by the foreign road signs. MOMENT

for a very short time: She was momentarily confused by the foreign road signs.

perceptible

great enough for you to notice itSYNONYM noticeable a perceptible change/increase/decline/impact The price increase has had no perceptible effect on sales. Her foreign accent was barely perceptible. The difference is scarcely perceptible to the average reader. a clearly perceptible decline in public confidence

elusive

hardifficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. Success, however, remained elusive for her. elusive memoriesd to grasp

characterless

having no interesting qualities

criminality

illegal activities or behaviour: The new measures are intended to reducecriminality and drug dealing in the area. Police don't suspect any criminality on the part of the truck driver. the fact of being illegal: He did not realize the criminality of his offences. The criminality of his exploits caused his expulsion from the Party. More examples Drug offenders involved in organisedcriminality would be fast-tracked to jail. We are opposed to criminality of any kind. How can they not appreciate the criminality of their actions?

impersonate

impersonate somebody to pretend to be somebody in order to trick people or to entertain them He was caught trying to impersonate a security guard. They do a pretty good job of impersonating Laurel and Hardy.

significance

importance: The discovery of the new drug is of greatsignificance for/to people suffering from heartproblems. More examples They were offered a few cosmeticimprovements to their working conditions, but nothing of significance. And what might be the underlyingsignificance of these supposedly randomacts of violence? His work is of great significance to historians. We should not overestimate the significance of his influence.

intentionally

in a planned or intended way: I didn't ignore her intentionally - I just didn't recognize her. She was being intentionally unpleasant. Synonymeadvisedly formaldeliberatelyexpresslyon purposepurposely

classically

in a simple and attractive way that people will always likeHer face is classically beautiful. ​in a way that has all the features you would expect to find; very typicallyClassically, pregnant women start to 'nest' shortly before the baby is born.

unselfishly

in a way that gives more importance to other people's needs, wishes, etc. than to your ownSYNONYM selflessly She unselfishly devoted herself to looking after her brother.

adequately

in a way that is enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need Are you adequately insured?

expressively

in a way that is expressive (= showing what someone thinks or feels): She danced the part of Giselle very expressively. The old woman shrugged expressively. Sieheexpressive Mehr Beispiele At 38, with a big smile and an expressively lined face, he dreams of opening a restaurant in Las Vegas. The chorus sang expressively and well, with a big dynamic range.

perceptibly

in a way that is great enough for you to notice; in a way that you can notice or feel with your sensesSYNONYM noticeably Income per head rose perceptibly. His voice softened perceptibly. It was perceptibly colder.

They have always dealt _______________ and fairly with their customers. HONEST I can't _______________ say what time I'll be home. I'll do it tomorrow, _______________ (= I promise that I will do it).

in a way that is honest: They have always dealt honestly and fairly with their customers. I can't honestly say what time I'll be home. I'll do it tomorrow, honestly (= I promise that I will do it).

appreciatively

in a way that shows that you are grateful for something or are enjoying something She took the cup of hot tea appreciatively. He laughed appreciatively.

obsessively

in a way that shows that you are thinking too much about one particular person or thing, in a way that is not normal obsessively jealous He worries obsessively about his appearance.

knowledgeable

knowing a lot: He's very knowledgeable about German literature. Synonymbe versed in sth formal

transitory

lasting for only a short time: the transitory nature of life Synonymebrief (SHORT IN TIME)ephemeralevanescent formalfleetingfugitive (TEMPORARY) formalmomentarypassingshort-lived

appreciably

much; a lot; in a way that is easy to noticeSYNONYM considerably The risk of infection is appreciably higher among children.

irresolute

not able or willing to take decisions or actions: an irresolute reply

overvalue

overvalue something to put too high a value on something Intelligence cannot be overvalued. (business) overvalued currencies/stocks

artless

simple, natural and honest the artless sincerity of a young child TOPICS Personal qualitiesC2

publicist

someone who arranges publicity for a person or organization by giving information to reporters and television and radio companies and arranging public meetings and special events

criminal

someone who commits a crime: a dangerous/violent criminal

printout

text produced by a computer printer: There were pages of computer printout all over the desk.

analysis

the act of analysing something: Chemical analysis revealed a high content of copper. I was interested in Clare's analysis of (= examination of and judgment about) the situation. Mehr Beispiele Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these results. This book is designed to be provocative rather than a watertight piece of economic analysis. The documentary's analysis of the issues was very superficial. A pattern is beginning to emerge from our analysis of the accident data.

idealisation

the act of considering or representing somebody/something as being perfect or better than they really are the idealization of a past golden age

individualisation

the act of making something different to suit the needs of a particular person, place, etc.

matchmaking

the activity of trying to arrange marriages or relationships between other people

intended

the person that you are going to marry: I shall be there with my intended.

artistry

the skill of an artist He played the piece with effortless artistry. an appreciation of the beauty and artistry of the painting

parenthood

the state of being a parent the responsibilities/joys of parenthood the strains of lone/single parenthood

valuables

things that are worth a lot of money, especially small personal things such as jewellery, cameras, etc. Never leave cash or other valuables lying around.

officiate

to be in charge of or to lead a ceremony or other public event: A priest officiated at the wedding.

soften

to become soft, or to make something soft: You can soften the butter by warming it gently. These dried apples will soften (up) if you soak them in water.

reactivate

to bring or come back into action or use: The police file was reactivated because of new evidence. The virus can reactivate at any time.

Newton's discoveries __________________________ physics. REVOLUTION

to completely change something so that it is much better: Newton's discoveries revolutionized physics.

sympathise

to feel sorry for somebody; to show that you understand and feel sorry about somebody's problems sympathize (with somebody/something) I find it very hard to sympathize with him. + speech 'That's too bad,' she sympathized.

dominate

to have control over a place or person: He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting. They work as a group - no one person is allowedto dominate. More examples It's astonishing to think that only a few yearsago Communism dominated eastern Europe. The skyline is dominated by smoking factorychimneys. a political party dominated by populists Despite dominating the game, Unitedcouldn't score and lost 2-0.

reside

to live, have your home, or stay in a place: The family now resides in southern France.

Representatives for all the main candidates are trying to ____________ voter support. MOBILISATION

to organize or prepare something, such as a group of people, for a purpose: Representatives for all the main candidates are trying to mobilize voter support.

argue

to speak angrily to someone, telling that person that you disagree with them: The children are always arguing. Kids, will you stop arguing with each other? They were arguing over/about which film to go and see.

It's difficult for a small shop to ______________ against/with the big supermarkets. COMPETITION Both girls ______________ for their father's attention. I'm not ______________ against/with that noise (= I can't/won't try to speak louder than that music)! Are you ______________ in the 100 metres? The two athletes are ______________ for the gold medal.

to try to be more successful than someone or something else: It's difficult for a small shop to compete against/with the big supermarkets. Both girls compete for their father's attention. figurative Turn the music down - I'm not competing against/with that noise (= I can't/won't try to speak louder than that music)! B1to take part in a race or competition: Are you competing in the 100 metres? The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.

She ___________________ the cost by saying that an expensive carpet would last longer than a cheaper one. RATIONAL

to try to find reasons to explain your behaviour, decisions, etc.: She rationalized the cost by saying that an expensive carpet would last longer than a cheaper one.

perceive

to understand or think of somebody/something in a particular waySYNONYM see perceive somebody/something/yourself (as something) This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. She did not perceive herself as disabled. A science degree and artistic interests are often perceived as incompatible. perceive somebody/something to be/have something They were widely perceived to have been unlucky.

reword (umformulieren)

to write something again in different words: She reworded sensitive areas of the report so that it wouldn't be so controversial. Synonymrephrase

youthful

typical of young peopleyouthful enthusiasm/energy/inexperienceTOPICS Life stagesC1 ​young or seeming younger than you areShe's a very youthful 65.

restive

unable to stay still, or unwilling to be controlled, especially because you feel bored or not satisfied The crowd was growing increasingly restive. The news was relayed to the restive citizens.

uncharitable

unkind and unfair: The uncharitable explanation is that she's too afraid to ask. Synonymsmalevolent literaryspiteful disapprovingunkind Her claim is overstated to the point of being uncharitable.From the Cambridge English Corpus For a compilation that this reviewer is unlikely to be alone in frequently turning to, it may seem uncharitable to highlight a weakness and to issue a consumer warning.From the Cambridge English Corpus

inconsiderable

very small and therefore not important or not worth considering: He inherited a not inconsiderable (= a large) sum/amount. Synonymnegligible

weighted

prepared and arranged in a way that is likely to produce a particular effect, usually an advantage, rather than any other: The system is weighted in favour of those who have a good education.

Divers went down to a ____________ of over 30 meters. DEEP

Divers went down to a depth of over 30 meters.

8. Given the small __________ of fire in this part of the building, one fire extinguisher should suffice. LIKELY

Given the small likelihood of fire in this part of the building, one fire extinguisher should suffice.

He considers himself to be a ___________________ who is not afraid to impose necessary changes on the company. MODERN

He considers himself to be a modernizer who is not afraid to impose necessary changes on the company.

I don't doubt the _____________ of this new gadget, but we simply don't have the money to buy it. EFFECT

I don't doubt the effectiveness of this new gadget, but we simply don't have the money to buy it.

2. I don't know why I rang you so late. I just had this strong _________________ to speak to you. COMPEL

I don't know why I rang you so late. I just had this strong compulsion (Zwang) to speak to you.

dependable

If someone or something is dependable, you can have confidence in him, her, or it: I need someone dependable to take care of the children while I'm at work. a dependable car

The teacher is _______________ about having parents working as classroom assistants. DOUBT If a situation is _______________, it is unlikely to happen or to be successful:

If you are doubtful about something, you are uncertain about it: The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistants. If a situation is doubtful, it is unlikely to happen or to be successful:

Being aware of the guidelines for proper food handling, preparation and storage is more important than ever, as the _____________ of foodborne diseases, illnesses and infections continue to rise. INCIDENT

Incidence an event, or the rate at which something happens:

7. Jiminez has a sprained knee and is very _____________ for the finals. DOUBT

Jiminez has a sprained (verstaucht) knee and is very doubtful for the finals.

5. Severe ____________ problems in the country's prisons persuaded the government to invest more money in its prison rebuilding programme. CROWD

Severe overcrowding problems in the country's prisons persuaded the government to invest more money in its prison rebuilding programme.

insignificant

small or not noticeable, and therefore not considered important : Why bother arguing about such an insignificant amount of money? The difference between the two results was insignificant.

spokesman/men/woman/women/person/people

someone who is chosen by a group or organization to speak officially to the public for them: a government spokesperson

stimulate

stimulate something to make something develop or become more active; to encourage something The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students. a government package designed to stimulate economic growth

His speech ended ______________ and he left the stage. ABRUPT They ______________ left the party.

suddenly and quickly His speech ended ______________ and he left the stage. ABRUPT They ______________ left the party.

availability

the fact that something is possible to get, buy or findthe availability of cheap flights (British English) This offer is subject to availability. ​ the fact that somebody is free to see or talk to peopleCheck her availability before you schedule the meeting. OPPOSITE unavailability

transact (abschliessen, abwickeln)

to do and complete a business activity: The sale was transacted in conditions of the greatest secrecy.

heightened

to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect: The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd.

domineering

tryiingng to control other people without thinkingabout their feelings: I thought he was arrogant and domineering.

tend

tend to do something to be likely to do something or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens Women tend to live longer than men. People tend to be happier if they are in a long-term relationship. When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes. It tends to get very cold here in the winter. People tend to think that the problem will never affect them. I tend to agree with many of the points you make. I tend to focus on dance, but acting and singing are equally important to me. Large class size will tend to increase the use of the lecture.

underplay

underplay something to make something seem less important than it really isSYNONYM downplay, play down I think she's underplaying the significance of the report.

roundly

severely: The government is being roundly criticized for its education policy. The home team was roundly defeated.

exemplary

very good and suitable to be copied by other people: His tact was exemplary, especially consideringthe circumstances. [ before noun ]An exemplary punishment is severe and intended as a warning to others: The judge awarded exemplary damages.

awesome

very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening an awesome sight awesome beauty/power They had an awesome task ahead.

mighty

very large, powerful, or important: In the next game they will face the mighty Patriots. the mighty River Po

wordless

without any words: We sat in wordless contemplation of the view. Synonymunspoken

zeal

zeal (for/in something) great energy or enthusiasm connected with something that you feel strongly about her missionary/reforming/religious/political zeal

significantly

​ in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticed significantly higher/lower/larger/smaller The two sets of figures are not significantly different. to differ/vary/change significantly significantly greater/better significantly more/less/fewer Profits have increased significantlyover the past few years.

demotivation

​the feeling of being less keen to work or study

reprint

to print a book again, or to be printed again: The first edition sold out so we are reprinting it/it is reprinting. Synonymreissue

broad

very wide: We walked down a broad avenue lined with trees. He flashed a broad grin at us. My brother is very broad-shouldered. Vergleichennarrow adjective (SMALL WIDTH)

classy

classier, superlative classiest) (informal) ​of high quality; expensive and/or fashionablea classy playera classy hotel/restaurant

imperfect

containing faults or mistakes; not complete or perfectSYNONYM flawed an imperfect world an imperfect understanding of English All our sale items are slightly imperfect.

The _________________ of animals to habitat change. ADAPT

The adaptability (Anpassungsfähigkeit) of animals to habitat change.

disloyal

disloyal (to somebody/something)not loyal to (= not supporting) your friends, family, country, etc. He was accused of being disloyal to the government. a disloyal remark It was very disloyal of you to repeat what I'd said to Peter.

disloyalty

disloyalty (to somebody/something)the fact of not showing support for your friends, family, country, etc. She felt guilty of disloyalty to her dead husband.

unsatisfying

enot making you feel satisfiedOPPOSITE satisfying a shallow, unsatisfying relationship

equidistant

equally far or close: Australia is roughly equidistant from Africa and South America.

lengthy

continuing for a long time: a lengthy discussion/process Many airline passengers face lengthy delays because of the strike.

3. ______________ of how you feel about it, this company has to go ahead with the redundancy plan. REGARD

Regardless of how you feel about it, this company has to go ahead with the redundancy plan.

I think the ______________ thing to do is call and ask for directions. SENSE It would be ______________ to take an umbrella.

based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding: a sensible answer/approach/compromise/option a sensible person I think the sensible thing to do is call and ask for directions. It would be sensible to take an umbrella.

notwithstanding

despite the fact or thing mentioned: Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal.

resolute (entschlossen)

determined in character, action, or ideas: Their resolute opposition to new working methodswas difficult to overcome. She's utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize. Synonymsdeterminedheadstrong

downplay

downplay something to try to make something seem less important than it really isSYNONYM play down The coach is downplaying the team's poor performance.

terrific

excellent; wonderful I feel absolutely terrific today! She's doing a terrific job. You look terrific in that dress. He was really terrific when I was in trouble. That's terrific news! (ironic) So nobody's coming. Terrific!

rigid

stiff or fixed; not able to be bent or moved: a rigid steel and concrete structure I was rigid with (= stiff and unable to move because of) fear.

upright

straight up or vertical: Please return your seat to an upright position and fasten your belt. used to refer to something that is taller than it is wide: an upright freezer/vacuum cleaner

architecturally

related to the art and practice of designing and making buildings: An architecturally acclaimed building houses the new museum. It's an architecturally distinctive neighbourhood.

discontented

feeling unhappy because you want bettertreatment or an improved situation: He had to cope with large numbers of discontented passengers. Nurses are increasingly discontented with changesin their workplace. After being married for a few years she grewdiscontented.

awestruck

feeling very impressed by something People were awestruck by the pictures the satellite sent back to Earth.

observably

in a way that can be seen or noticed All of her predictions were observably correct.

fortuitously

in a way that happens by chance rather than being planned, and is to your advantage: This has come very fortuitously, when we most need it. Fortuitously for him, the company decided to employ him.

briefing

information that is given to someone just before they do something, or a meeting where this happens: They received thorough briefing before they left the country. We had to attend a briefing once a month.

hearsay

information that you have heard but do not know to be true: The evidence against them is all hearsay.

motive

motive (for something) a reason for doing something There seemed to be no motive for the murder. I'm suspicious of his motives. the profit motive (= the desire to make a profit) I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you.

substantially

to a large degree: The new rules will substantially change how we do things. More examples House prices have risen substantially over the last six months. Their new house is substantially bigger than their previous one. They charge substantially more than theircompetitors. The quality of their products has improvedsubstantially over the last five years. We now have substantially reduced interestrates.

matchbox

a small box for holding matches

softener

a substance used to make something soft: (a) fabric softener

inhabitable

able able to be lived in or onto be lived in or on

foldaway (klappbar)

able to be folded away out of sight: a foldaway bed

preventable

able to be prevented: preventable accidents/injuries

repairable

able to be repaired

discontentment

a feeling of being unhappy and not satisfied with the situation you are in

houseful (stubenrein)

a lot of people or things in your house: We've got a houseful of visitors at the moment.a lot of people or things in your house: We've got a houseful of visitors at the moment.

impressionistic

giving a general idea rather than particular facts or details

weighty

heavy: I don't want to carry this bag around all afternoon - it's pretty weighty.

derivative

If something is derivative, it is not the result of new ideas, but has been developed from or copies something else: His painting/style is very derivative.

publicly

If something is done publicly, it is done so that everyone can know about it: The company publicly apologized and agreed to contribute some money to charity. publicly humiliated Mehr Beispiele Employees have publicly criticized the company's plans, much to the displeasure of the management. A publicly disunited party stands little chance of winning the election.

She's the highest-paid ____________ in Hollywood. ACT

A woman who pretends to be someone else while performing in a film, play, or televisionprogramme: She's the highest-paid actress in Hollywood.

loyally

in a way that shows you are faithful to somebody/something and continue to support them or it A diplomat should loyally serve his or her country.

After the book club was ____________, it became much more popular. STRUCTURE

After the book club was restructured, it became much more popular.

A __________________ hesitation

lasting for a very short time: A momentary hesitation.

brief

lasting only a short time or containing few words: His acceptance speech was mercifully brief. I had a brief look at her report before the meeting. It'll only be a brief visit because we really don't have much time. After a brief spell/stint in the army, he started working as a teacher. The company issued a brief statement about yesterday's accident.

typeface (Schrift)

letters and numbers in a particular design, used in printing or on a computer screen

probable

likely to be true or likely to happen: The probable cause of death was heart failure. An election in June seems increasingly probable. [ + that ] It is probable that share prices will fall even more. Vergleichenpossible (NOT CERTAIN) Gegensatzimprobable

longevity

living for a long time: To what do you attribute your longevity? remaining popular or useful for a long time: For longevity in car design, you really need to keep it simple.

extended

long or longer than usual: They're going on an extended holiday to Australia. There was an extended news bulletin because of the plane crash.

lot

lots (of) a large amount or number of people or things: She eats lots of fruit. There were a lot of people there. He does a lot of travelling in his job. I've got a lot to do today. He earns lots of money. There's lots of food. Mehr Beispiele It costs a lot to feed and clothe five children. Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat. We did a lot of cycling in France last year.

handmade

made using the hands rather than a machine: handmade chocolates/paper/shoes

regrettable

making you feel sad and sorry about something: a most/deeply regrettable mistake

persuasive

making you want to do or believe a particularthing: a persuasive speaker/speech Your arguments are very persuasive. He can be very persuasive.

income

money that is earned from doing work or received from investments: Average incomes have risen by 4.5 percent over the past year. More help is needed for people on low incomes. I haven't had much income from my stocks and shares this year.

predominantly

mostly or mainly: a predominantly Muslim community She is predominantly a dancer, but she also sings.

oncoming

moving towards you or coming nearer: The car veered onto the wrong side of the road and hit an oncoming truck. There seemed to be no way of averting the oncoming crisis.

Goldsmith alleged that in the latter year he was offered £ 200,000 by Napoleon to _________________ his attacks. CONTINUE

no longer manufactured Goldsmith alleged that in the latter year he was offered £ 200,000 by Napoleon to discontinue his attacks.

inhumane

not caring about the pain or problems of other people or animals; very cruelSYNONYM callous inhumane treatment of animals/prisoners

soft

not hard or firm: soft ground a soft pillow/mattress soft cheese I like chocolates with soft centres. Soft tissue, such as flesh, allows X-rays through.

extinct (aussterben)

not now existing: There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct. Many tribes became extinct when they came into contact with Western illnesses. A lot of trades have become extinct because of the development of technology.

sympathetic

kind to somebody who is hurt or sad; showing that you understand and care about their problems a sympathetic listener a sympathetic response She was very sympathetic when I was sick. sympathetic to/towards somebody I did not feel at all sympathetic towards Kate. I'm here if you need a sympathetic ear (= somebody to talk to about your problems).

acknowledged

known or accepted by many people

Though he didn't win the race, he finished a _____________ third. CREDIT

Though he didn't win the race, he finished a creditable (achtbarer) third.

permissive

A person or society that is permissive allowsbehaviour that other people might disapproveof: It's a very permissive school where the childrenare allowed to do whatever they want. He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drugs.

longwinded

A long-winded speech, letter, article, etc. is too long, or uses too many words.

5. As he took more and more drugs to counter the disease, he became _________________ incoherent and confusing. INCREASE

As he took more and more drugs to counter the disease, he became increasingly incoherent and confusing.

7. Put your things on that small _____________ table over in the corner. WOOD

Put your things on that small wooden table over in the corner.

The land is very dry, which makes _______________ difficult. FARM

The land is very dry, which makes farming difficult. FARM.

The latest Impressionist exhibition is a wonderful _____________ spectacle. COLOUR

The latest Impressionist exhibition is a wonderful colourful spectacle.

The ______________ of Jeremy in this department has been a disaster. He'll need to be replaced. LEAD

The leadership of Jeremy in this department has been a disaster. He'll need to be replaced.

The negotiations have been put off/postponed _____________. DEFINITE

The negotiations have been put off/postponed indefinitely.

8. The tunnel under the river is near _____________ now and should be open before next summer. COMPLETE

The tunnel under the river is near completion now and should be open before next summer.

5. To join the police, there is normally both an age and a height _____________________. REQUIRE

To join the police, there is normally both an age and a height requirement.

The military and CIA hire contractors who are completely ______________ to Congress. ACCOUNT An ______________ and inefficient bureaucracy. ACCOUNT

To not be expected to explain or provide a reason to a particular person or organization for your actions: The military and CIA hire contractors who are completely unaccountable to Congress. An unaccountable and inefficient bureacracy.

Using her ________________, he swung her over his head. Her body continued its ________________ down the hill and she fell, twisting so that she wouldn't fall on the kid. ... The pressure on CD is equal to the A C ________________ which it receives per second. MOMENT

Using her momentum , he swung her over his head. Her body continued its momentum down the hill and she fell, twisting so that she wouldn't fall on the kid. ... The pressure on CD is equal to the A C momentum which it receives per second.

Within each tribe this helped them to mark out differences of role, status, and _____________. KIN

Within each tribe this helped them to mark out differences of role, status, and kinship (Verwandschaft).

dependency

a country that is supported and governed by another country

permissible

allowed: [ + to infinitive ] Is it permissible to park my carhere? a permissible level for vehicle exhaust emissions

official

relating to a position of responsibility: He visited China in his official capacity as America's trade representative. Number Ten Downing Street is the British primeminister's official residence.

density

the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place: The area has a high/low population density. We were unable to move because of the density of the crowd.

artifact

(especially North American English)(also artefact British and North American English)(specialist) ​an object that is made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest

governess

(especially in the past) a woman who lives with a family and teaches their children at home

draw

.

4. The modernisation of the factory will be a very ______________ exercise but vital for the employment situation in this town. COST

The modernisation of the factory will be a very costly exercise but vital for the employment situation in this town.

attachment

a document that you send to somebody using email No attachment was included.

discontent

a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation: Discontent among junior ranks was rapidlyspreading. There was widespread discontent at/about/over/with the plan.

apparition

a ghost or a ghost-like image of a person who is dead Apparitions of a woman in white robes have been reported.

reactor

a large machine in which atoms are either dividedor joined in order to produce power

stabiliser

a method used to limit sudden changes in prices or to limit the level of production

inhabitant (Einwohner)

a person or animal that lives in a particular place: a city of five million inhabitants Synonymedenizen literarycity, town, cave, etc. dweller

outcome

a result or effect of an action, situation, etc.: It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

collectable

an object that is worth collecting because it is beautiful or may become valuable collectables such as paintings or rare books

interpersonal

connected with relationships between people interpersonal skills

unavoidable

impossible to avoid Synonymsineluctable formalinescapableinevitable

enviably

in a way that other people think is good and would like to have too an enviably mild climate

deactivate

to cause something to be no longer active or effective: All chemical weapons facilities will be deactivated.

payer

used as a combining form to mean a person who pays something: mortgage payers

An _________________ blanket/car/kettle/light. ELECTRIC Our _________________ bill for July was $115.

using electricity for power: an electric blanket/car/kettle/light informal relating to electricity: Our electric bill for July was $115.

Stop shouting and let's discuss this __________________. REASON

using good judgment: Stop shouting and let's discuss this reasonably.

brevity

using only a few words or lasting only a short time: His essays are models of clarity and brevity. Brevity is, in almost everything, a virtue.

sport

(North American English sports[plural]) activity that you do for pleasure and that needs physical effort or skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rules There are excellent facilities for sport and recreation. I'm not interested in sport. It's very difficult to make a career in professional sport. (British English) Do you do any sport? (North American English) Do you play any sports? the use of drugs in sport

fortuitous

(of something that is to your advantage) not planned, happening by chance: The timing of the meeting is certainly fortuitous. The collapse of its rivals was a fortuitous opportunity for the company.

declared

A declared fact is one that someone has publicly said or admitted: He is a declared supporter of the plan. It has always been my declared intention to sail around the world.

Be sure to check that you have all your _____________ with you before leaving the train. BELONG

Be sure to check that you have all your belongings with you before leaving the train.

Even though Marty was an excellent shooter, he _______________ missed the target. REPEAT

Even though Marty was an excellent shooter, he repeatedly missed the target.

He ____________ changes lane with no signal. DECIDE

He decisively changes lane with no signal.

I read an interesting book which spoke about how you can _____________ your brain's potential by taking an hour's siesta every day. MAXIMUM

I read an interesting book which spoke about how you can maximise your brain's potential by taking an hour's siesta every day.

3. It says here at the end of your resumé that you can give us three _____________ from your old job. REFER

It says here at the end of your resumé that you can give us three references from your old job.

unmatched

somebody/something) better than all others He had a talent unmatched by any other politician of this century.

It will be impossible to recover all the _________________ charity money. APPLY

to use something badly, wrongly, or in a way that was not intended: It will be impossible to recover all the misapplied charity money.

objective (Zielsetzung)

something that you plan to do or achieve: Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power. Can the sales team achieve/meet its financial objectives? Synonymeaim (INTENTION)ambitionaspiration (HOPE)dream (HOPE)goal (AIM)hopeintent formal or specializedintentionobject (PURPOSE)target (AIM)

intention

something that you want and plan to do: [ + to infinitive ] It wasn't my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her. I've no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his. He's full of good intentions, but he never does anything about them!

immoral

morally wrong, or outside society's standardsof acceptable, honest, and moral behaviour: an immoral act immoral behaviour It's an immoral tax, because the poor will payrelatively more.

progress

movement to an improved or more developed state, or to a forward position: Technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years. I'm not making much progress with my Spanish. The doctor said that she was making good progress (= getting better after a medical operation or illness). The recent free elections mark the next step in the country's progress towards democracy. The yacht's crew said that they were making relatively slow progress.

We used to have ________________ arguments about politics. END He seems to think that I have an ________________ supply of money. The possibilities are ________________ . Synonym interminable

never finishing, or seeming never to finish: We used to have endless arguments about politics. He seems to think that I have an endless supply of money. The possibilities are endless. Synonyminterminable

inadequate

not enough; not good enough inadequate supplies inadequate for something The system is inadequate for the tasks it has to perform. inadequate to do something The food supplies are inadequate to meet the needs of the hungry.

unsatisfactory

not good enough Extra ExamplesSYNONYM inadequate, unacceptable

He was a _____________ lawyer. HONEST A dishonest way of making money morally dishonest intellectually _____________. He's been _____________ in his dealings with us/abouthis past.

not honest: a dishonest lawyer a dishonest way of making money morally dishonest intellectually dishonest. He's been dishonest in his dealings with us/abouthis past.

argumentative

often arguing or wanting to argue: Don't be so argumentative.

fruitful

producing good results: It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sidesagreeing to adopt a common policy.

6. Far from being a drunkard, my father is actually a perfect example of _____________. SOBER

Far from being a drunkard, my father is actually a perfect example of sobriety.

illusory (täuschend)

Her fears were illusory.

highness

Her/His/Your Highness used when you are speaking to or about a royal person: [ as form of address ] Will that be all, Your Highness?

2. His behaviour in his ________________ father's presence caused his and his sister ended up inheriting the whole family fortune. INHERIT

His behaviour in his disinheritance father's presence caused his and his sister ended up inheriting the whole family fortune.

7. His performance in the match today ___________ his reputation as a great player. LIE

His performance in the match today belied (entäuscht) his reputation as a great player.

1. I am looking to leave in order to find a new job, ______________ of whether Mr. Perkins offers me more money or not. REGARD

I am looking to leave in order to find a new job, regardless of whether Mr. Perkins offers me more money or not.

I believe she had the _________________ to have been seriously ill as a child. FORTUNE

I believe she had the misfortune to have been seriously ill as a child.

collectively

In a way that is done or shared by all members of a group of people; in a way that involves a whole group or societythe collectively agreed rateWe have had a successful year, both collectively and individually. ​in a way that refers to all members of a grouprain, snow and hail, collectively known as 'precipitation'

2. Journalists are often criticised for their ______________ style of journalism which doesn't respect the privacy of especially celebrities. INVADE

Journalists are often criticised for their invasive (eindringend) style of journalism which doesn't respect the privacy of especially celebrities.

Living in poverty and _____________, the family struggled to make ends meet. DEPRIVE

Living in poverty and deprivation (Entzug, Entbehrung), the family struggled to make ends meet.

Many actors move into becoming ______________ for television after they finish their acting careers. NARRATE

Many actors move into becoming narrators for television after they finish their acting careers.

6. Many natural remedies are beneficial to patients but often doctors are unaware of the _______________ possibilities offered by alternative medicines. BOUND

Many natural remedies are beneficial to patients but often doctors are unaware of the unbounded (unbegrenzten) possibilities offered by alternative medicines.

_________________ has fallen/risen again for the third consecutive month. EMPLOY

Meaning of unemployment in English unemployment noun [ U ] The number of people who do not have a job that provides money: Unemployment has fallen/risen again for the third consecutive month.

3. Most of the engine's problems are due to __________. The car has been parked here for nearly a year. USE

Most of the engine's problems are due to disuse (Nichtgebrauch). The car has been parked here for nearly a year.

In order to turn the deserts into fertile and __________________ land, engineers built an 800-mile canal. He had an amazingly __________________ five years in which he managed to write four novels.

resulting in or providing a large amount or supply of something: In order to turn the deserts into fertile and productive land, engineers built an 800-mile canal. He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels.

reuse

reuse something to use something again Please reuse your envelopes.

revalue

revalue something to estimate the value of something again, especially giving it a higher value ​[transitive, intransitive] revalue (something) to increase the value of the money of a country when it is exchanged for the money of another countryThe yen is to be revalued.

Stop being so silly and ______________ , Chris! MATURE She's rather ______________ for her age, don't you think?

Not behaving in a way that is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age: Stop being so silly and immature, Chris! She's rather immature for her age, don't you think?

The dog found the cat in his bed and walked off feeling as though he'd been _____________. WIT

OUTWITTED The dog found the cat in his bed and walked off feeling as though he'd been outwitted (überlisten).

People have always enjoyed the ______________ effects of sea air. BENEFIT

People have always enjoyed the beneficial effects of sea air.

knowing

showing that you know about something, evenwhen it has not been talked about: a knowing look/glance/smile

Today, we see growing acceptance of gay marriage - something that would have been ___________________ a generation ago. THINK

so shocking that it cannot be imagined as possible: Today, we see growing acceptance of gay marriage - something that would have been unthinkable a generation ago.

The police tried to evict the three ________________ from the building. OCCUPY

The police tried to evict the three occupants from the building.

He was known for being an original ________________. THINK

someone who considers important subjects or produces new ideas: a political/religious thinker He was known for being an original thinker.

The damage to the car was of no significance. There was an _____________ amount of damage to the car. SIGNIFICANT

There was an insignificant amount of damage to the car.

The number of _____________________ in the company has trebled over the past decade. EMPLOY She's a former state _____________________ /_____________________ of the state.

someone who is paid to work for someone else: The number of employees in the company has trebled over the past decade. She's a former state employee/employee of the state.

worker

someone who works in a particular job or in a particular way: factory/social/construction workers a good/tireless/skilled worker

conservationist

someone who works to protect the environment from the damaging effects of human activity: Conservationists are fighting to save the tiger. Conservationists are concerned about the threat to the Arctic's unique ecosystems.

For some _________________ reason, he's decided to cancel the project. EXPLAIN

Unable to be explained or understood: For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project.

Walk on for about half a mile and when you see the _____________ in the forest. CLEAR

Walk on for about half a mile and when you see the clearing in the forest.

mountaineer

a person who climbs mountains as a sport or job If differentiation was attempted, it tended to concentrate on either occupational or scientific criteria, such as whether someone was a scientist, explorer, mountaineer, or political figure.From the Cambridge English Corpus I am told that several climbing and mountaineering clubs provide communication equipment by contribution from their members.Aus Hansard archive They appointed a famous mountaineer to investigate and, following the report of the committee headed by him, they suspended the local militia.

artist

a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings an exhibition of work by contemporary British artists a graphic artist a make-up artist He became a full-time artist in 1929. In Paris she met a group of young artists: poets, film-makers and painters.

matchstick

a single wooden match starving children with legs like matchsticks Cut the carrots into matchsticks. (= long thin shapes)

doing

a thing done or caused by somebody I've been hearing a lot about your doings recently. I promise you this was none of my doing (= I didn't do it).

This is a _______________ bed. CONVERT

able to be changed into something else This is a convertible bed.

Rival fans shouted _______________ at each other. USE

adj. - abusive rude and offensive words said to another person. Rival fans shouted abuse at each other.

type

classification, picture

resolved

determined: [ + to infinitive ] He was resolved to ask her to marryhim the next day. Synonymsingle-minded

impress

if a person or thing impresses you, you admire them or it impress (somebody) We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us. The Grand Canyon never fails to impress people. The Grand Canyon never fails to impress.

imitate

imitate somebody/something to copy somebody/something Her style of painting has been imitated by other artists. Art imitates Nature. Teachers provide a model for children to imitate. No computer can imitate the complex functions of the human brain. Dolphins learn to imitate sounds very accurately and quickly.

She was almost ____________________ nervous. CONCEIVE And if there is a major storm along that coastline, damage will be ____________________ high.

in a way that is impossible to imagine or think of: She was almost inconceivably nervous. And if there is a major storm along that coastline, damage will be inconceivably high.

Their campaign was ________________ successful. EXPECT She showed up ________________ at the match.

in a way that is not expected: Their campaign was unexpectedly successful. She showed up unexpectedly at the match.

The money was ______________ obtained. HONEST She's been accused of acting ______________. He is charged with ______________ receiving stolengoods. The court is satisfied that the money was obtained ______________. The car was ______________ taken without consent.

in a way that is not honest: The money was dishonestly obtained. She's been accused of acting dishonestly. He is charged with dishonestly receiving stolengoods. The court is satisfied that the money was obtained dishonestly. The car was dishonestly taken without consent.

instinctively

in a way that is not thought about, planned, or developed by training: She knew instinctively that he was dangerous. Instinctively my hand reached for my phone. Sieheinstinctive Mehr Beispiele He instinctively saw that I needed help. Kids instinctively look to their parents to judge whether all is right with the world.

uselessly

in a way that is not useful; in a way that does not do or achieve what is needed or wanted His arm hung uselessly at his side (= it was injured and he could not move it).

The equipment should be tested _________________. PERIOD

in a way that is repeated after a particular period of time: The equipment should be tested periodically.

abusively

in a way that is rude and offensive; in a way that criticizes somebody/something rudely and unfairlyHe shouted abusively at the referee. ​in a way that involves violenceto treat someone abusively

"Perhaps, and perhaps not," she said _________________. MYSTERY _________________, the light came on, although no one was near the switch. The woman had _________________ vanished.

in a way that is strange, not known, or not understood: "Perhaps, and perhaps not," she said mysteriously. Mysteriously, the light came on, although no one was near the switch. The woman had mysteriously vanished.

mysteriously

in a way that is strange, not known, or not understood: "Perhaps, and perhaps not," she said mysteriously. Mysteriously, the light came on, although no one was near the switch. The woman had mysteriously vanished. Siehe

magnificently

in a way that is very good or beautiful, or that deserves to be admired: I thought she coped magnificently. The house is magnificently furnished.

awesomely

in a way that is very impressive or very difficult, and perhaps slightly frighteningawesomely beautifulThe issue is awesomely complex. ​(informal) in a way that is very good, great fun, etc.It was awesomely fun.

regrettably

in a way that makes you feel sad and sorry about something: I regrettably got involved with some situations I shouldn't have. Regrettably, education has not been properlyfunded.

persuasively

in a way that makes you want to do or believesomething: Lawyers for both sides argued persuasively. His message was persuasively delivered. Seepersuasive More examples The senator needs to make his case more persuasively. She persuasively shows that there are some very serious consequences to his actions. This is not an easy play to stagepersuasively.

ecologically

in a way that relates to ecology or the environment: It's an ecologically friendly/sound (= not harmful) means of transport. People are a lot more ecologically aware these days.

typically

in a way that shows all the characteristics that you would expect from the stated person, thing, or group: She has that reserve and slight coldness of manner which is typically English. Paul, in his typically blunt manner, told him he wasn't interested.

admiringly

in a way that shows respect for what somebody/something is or what they have doneHe always spoke admiringly of serious scholars. ​in a way that shows you think somebody/something is attractive and/or impressiveShe gazed ad

He gazed ___________________ into the distance. THOUGHT There were sandwiches, ___________________ provided by his wife.

in a way that shows you are thinking a lot about something: He gazed thoughtfully into the distance. in a way that is kind and shows you are thinkingabout other people's needs: There were sandwiches, thoughtfully provided by his wife.

inherent

inherent (in somebody/something)that is a basic or permanent part of somebody/something and that cannot be removedSYNONYM intrinsic

meaningsful

intended to show meaning, often secretly: a meaningful look He raised one eyebrow in a meaningful way.

interracial

involving people of different races interracial marriage

statement

something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion: The government is expected to issue a statement about the investigation to the press. He produced a signed statement from the prisoner. He threw paint over the fur coats because he wanted to make a statement about cruelty to animals. [ + that ] We were not surprised by their statement that jobs would be cut. Synonymeannouncementcommentcommunication formaldeclaration (ANNOUNCEMENT)observation (NOTICING) formalproclamation

duty

something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do: The duty of the agency is to act in the bestinterests of the child. [ + to infinitive ] I felt it was my duty to tell them the truth. You have a duty to yourself to take a break oncein a while. He only went to see her out of duty (= because he thought he should). You should report for duty (= arrive at work) at 8 a.m. on Monday. What time are you off/on duty (= when do you finish/start work) tomorrow?

evaluation

the act of forming an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully an evaluation of the healthcare system The technique is not widely practised and requires further evaluation. The discussion includes a critical evaluation of the documentary sources.

motion

the act or process of moving, or a particular action or movement: The violent motion of the ship upset his stomach. He rocked the cradle with a gentle backwards and forwards motion. They showed the goal again in slow motion (= at a slower speed so that the action could be more clearly seen).

breadth

the distance from one side to another: The length of this box is twice its breadth. C2 [ S ]the fact of including many different things, features, subjects, or qualities: The breadth of her knowledge is amazing. He showed an astonishing breadth of learning for one so young. Mehr Beispiele A huge two-storey room ran the entire breadth and height of the building. a swimming pool with a breadth of 10 metres and a length of 50 metres Breadth of education is as important as exam success.

surroundings

the place where someone or something is and the things that are in it: Some butterflies blend in with their surroundings so that it's difficult to see them. B2the place where someone lives and the conditions they live in: They live in very comfortable/pleasant/drab/bleak surroundings. Mehr Beispiele The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings.

He discusses our culture's ____________________ to violence from so much exposure in movies, video games, and music. DESENSITIZE Phobic disorders are treated with desensitization therapy.

the process of causing someone to experience something, usually an emotion or a pain, less strongly than before: He discusses our culture's desensitization (Desensibilisierung) toviolence from so much exposure in movies, videogames, and music. Phobic disorders are treated with desensitization therapy.

conservatism

the quality of not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change the policies and beliefs of the Conservative party (= the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement) : The politics of the newspaper reflect traditional Conservatism. The Tories were out to show that they had shed pre-war Conservatism.

fruit

the soft part containing seeds that is producedby a plant. Many types of fruit are sweet and can be eaten: Apricots are the one fruit I don't like. Oranges, apples, pears, and bananas are all typesof fruit. Would you like some fruit for dessert? The cherry tree in our garden is in fruit (= it has fruit growing on it). I like exotic fruit, like mangoes and papayas. How many pieces of fresh fruit do you eat in a day? fruit trees He runs a fruit and vegetable stall in the market.

structure

the way in which the parts of a system or objectare arranged or organized, or a system arrangedin this way: the grammatical structure of a sentence The structure of this protein is particularly complex. They have a very old-fashioned managementstructure. Some people like the sense of structure that a military lifestyle imposes.

relation

the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other diplomatic/international/foreign relations US-Chinese relations teacher-student relations relations with somebody/something Relations with neighbouring countries are under strain at present. relations between A and B We seek to improve relations between our two countries.

usage

the way in which words are used in a language a book on current English usage It's not a word in common usage.

The children's ______________ faces. EXPECT

thinking that something pleasant or exciting is going to happen: The children's expectant faces.

obsessive

thinking too much about one particular person or thing, in a way that is not normal He's becoming more and more obsessive about punctuality. an obsessive attention to detail

relatively

to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to something else relatively large/small/high/low Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it's relatively smallwhen compared with the others. I found the test relatively easy. These students had a relatively simpletask. We had relatively few applications for the job. I have relatively little to do this afternoon.

permit

to allow something: The regulations do not permit much flexibility. [ + -ing verb ] The prison authorities permit visitingonly once a month. [ + obj + to infinitive ] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne. formal The law permits of no other interpretation.

infinitesimally

to an extremely small degree: infinitesimally small His chances of winning are infinitesimally slim. Each action contributes infinitesimally to global warming.

broaden

to become wider, or to cause something to become wider: The track broadens and becomes a road at this point. They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.

edit

to make changes to a text or film, deciding what will be removed and what will be kept in, in order to prepare it for being printed or shown: Janet edited books for a variety of publishers. The movie's 129 minutes were edited down from 150 hours of footage. to be in charge of the reports in a newspaper or magazine, etc.: He edits a national newspaper.

edited

to make changes to a text or film, deciding what will be removed and what will be kept in, in order to prepare it for being printed or shown: Janet edited books for a variety of publishers. The movie's 129 minutes were edited down from 150 hours of footage. to be in charge of the reports in a newspaper or magazine, etc.: He edits a national newspaper. Mehr Beispiele She edits a women's magazine. I've edited manuscripts now for 20 years. Her words were heavily edited. I tend to edit on screen for the sake of speed. We edited the script down to 60 pages.

terrify

to make somebody feel extremely frightened terrify somebody Flying terrifies her. Stop it! You're terrifying the children! terrify somebody into (doing) something He terrified employees at the bank into handing over cash.

motivated

(often in compounds)done or happening for a particular reasona racially motivated attack ​wanting to do something, especially something that involves hard work and efforta highly motivated student OPPOSITE unmotivatedSEE ALSO self-motivated

I studied modern European _______________ at college. American _______________ Annie's decided to write a _______________ of electronic music. I only asked him for a cigarette, but two hours later he'd told me his whole life _______________.

(the study of or a record of) past events considered together, especially events of a particular period, country, or subject: I studied modern European history at college. American history Annie's decided to write a history of electronic music. I only asked him for a cigarette, but two hours later he'd told me his whole life history.

They're doing/working ________________ to get the job done on time. TIME Everyone is on ________________ this weekend.

(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job: They're doing/working overtime to get the job done on time. Everyone is on overtime (= being paid extra for working after the usual time) this weekend.

impressionist

(usually Impressionist) an artist who paints in the style of ImpressionismImpressionists such as Monet and Pissarro ​a person who entertains people by copying the way a famous person speaks or behaves

outspokenness

Comments Here is a list of the most important owners of The Feeral Reserve as quoted from Representative Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency for 12 years as quoted from the Congressional Record (He was murdered because of his outspokenness).

The people ___________________ against foreign rule and established their own government. REVOLUTION

If a large number of people revolt, they refuse to be controlled or ruled, and take action against authority, often violent action: The people revolted against foreign rule and established their own government. Synonymrise (BE OPPOSED TO)

typewritten (maschinengeschrieben)

a machine with keys that you press to produce letters and numbers on paper: He still uses an old typewriter.

observer

a person who watches somebody/something According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off. To the casual observer (= somebody who does not pay much attention), the system appears confusing. Most art forms require a contribution from the observer.

youngster

a young person or a child The camp is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.

majorette

a young woman or girl who wears a uniform and makes a pattern of movements with a baton (= stick) by turning it and throwing it into the air, as part of a group of girls who do this or as the leader of a musical group

dissociate

dissociate yourself/somebody from somebody/something to say or do something to show that you are not connected with or do not support somebody/something; to make it clear that something is not connected with a particular plan, action, etc. He tried to dissociate himself from the party's more extreme views. They were determined to dissociate the UN from any agreement to impose sanctions.

effectual (wirksam)

effective and successful: They wish to promote a real and effectual understanding between the two countries.

classical

elating to classical music a classical composer/musician/pianist a classical concert

irreparable

impossible to repair or make right again: Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline.

value

how much something is worth in money or other goods for which it can be exchanged to go up/rise/increase in value to go down/fall/decline in value rising property values The value of the shares has continued to fall. to the value of something The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000. of value Don't leave anything of value in the car. Sports cars tend to hold their valuewell.

usefully

in a way that can help you to do or achieve what you want The money could be more usefully spent on new equipment. Is there anything I can usefully do here?

imperfectly

in a way that contains faults or mistakes; not completely or perfectly a distant culture that is imperfectly understood by the outside world

enviously

in a way that shows you want to be in the same situation as somebody else, or that shows you want something that somebody else has They look enviously at the success of their European counterparts.

admirably

in a way that you admire and respectSYNONYM commendablyJoe coped admirably with a difficult situation. Check pronunciation: admirably

uppermost

in the highest position or having the most importance: The building's uppermost floors were engulfed with flames. Store the canisters with their lids uppermost. What's uppermost in your mind just before a race? Synonymtopmost

______________ seems to suit Ella - she's really happy with her home life. DOMESTIC

Domesticity seems to suit Ella - she's really happy with her home life.

I've made some ____________ decisions this year, but all in all, I've done well. QUESTION

I've made some questionable decisions this year, but all in all, I've done well.

unresolved

If a problem or difficulty is unresolved, it is not solved or ended: The question of contracts remains unresolved.

fruitless

If an action or attempt to do something is fruitless, it is unsuccessful or produces nothing of value: All diplomatic attempts at a peaceful solution to the crisis have been fruitless. Synonymsfutilevain

materialise

If an object materializes, it appears suddenly: Suddenly a lorry appeared in front of her - it seemed to materialize out of nowhere. If an idea or hope materializes, it becomes real: She was promised a promotion but it never materialized. Her hopes of becoming a painter never materialized.

arguable

If something is arguable, there could be some disagreement about it: It is arguable which way is quicker. it is arguable that... it is possibly true that: It is arguable that the government has failed in this respect.

When asked if he had told the police about the incident, Mr Banks said he had mentioned it in ______________ to a detective. PASS

If something is said in passing, it is said while talking about something else and is not the main subject of a conversation: When asked if he had told the police about the incident, Mr Banks said he had mentioned it in passing to a detective.

5. Are you sure the ______________ is working properly on this truck? It must have done more than twenty thousand. MILE

Are you sure the mileometer (Kilometerzähler) is working properly on this truck? It must have done more than twenty thousand.

unavailable

unavailable (to somebody/something) that cannot be obtainedSuch luxuries are unavailable to ordinary people. ​not able or not willing to see, meet or talk to somebodyThe minister was unavailable for comment.

My father never seemed to exhaust his supply of jokes. My father seemed to have an ___________ supply of jokes. EXHAUST

My father never seemed to exhaust his supply of jokes. My father seemed to have an inexhaustible supply of jokes.

The family intervened when they realised Harry was becoming a _____________ drinker. HABIT

The family intervened when they realised Harry was becoming a habitual drinker.

The letters were edited for clarity and conciseness. He told the story with admirable _________________. CONCISE _________________ is one of the skills essential to the job. The author is not known for brevity or _________________. One-third of applicants have problems with grammar, spelling, and _________________.

The quality of being short and clear, and expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words: The letters were edited for clarity and conciseness. He told the story with admirable conciseness. Conciseness is one of the skills essential to the job. The author is not known for brevity or conciseness. One-third of applicants have problems with grammar, spelling, and conciseness.

There are millions of ____________ people all over the country. WEALTH

There are millions of wealthy people all over the country.

There have been a number of female _____________ in the field of aircraft design. INNOVATE

There have been a number of female innovators in the field of aircraft design.

interacting

These sources, both linguistic (intraand interlingual) and extralinguistic, represent the learners' own knowledge interacting with cues from the words themselves and the surrounding text.From the Cambridge English Corpus However, only a special case of two interacting wave trains of equal amplitude and period is considered in this work.From the Cambridge English Corpus

6. You have been ___________________ important to the success of this company. I don't know what I would have done without you. MEASURE

You have been immeasurably important to the success of this company. I don't know what I would have done without you.

7. You may laugh Inspector, but it is not ______________ apparent to us why you should suspect anyone in this room of having carried out this murder. WHOLE

You may laugh Inspector, but it is not wholly apparent to us why you should suspect anyone in this room of having carried out this murder.

1. You need to take three of these red pills ____________. DAY

You need to take three of these red pills daily.

3. You should dress ______________ for the party. No tuxedo required! FORMAL

You should dress informally for the party. No tuxedo required!

exclamatory

(of language) expressing surprise, emotion, or pain by means of an exclamation or exclamations: The writer's exclamatory style becomes tiresome after a few pages.

move

- mover - movement - (im)movable - moving

There is an ____________ collection of Egyptian relics at the British Museum in London. RIVAL

There is an unrivaled collection of Egyptian relics at the British Museum in London.

The work has been divided into smaller, more _________________ sections. MANAGE The targets for increased productivity are described as "tough but _________________".

easy or possible to deal with: The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections. The targets for increased productivity are described as "tough but manageable".

insistent

firmly saying that something must be true or done: insistent demands/appeals/signals The teacher is insistent that the school is not to blame for the situation.

The rock weighed over a ton and was completely ______________________. MOVE

fixed and impossible to move: The rock weighed over a ton and was completely immovable.

satisfying

giving pleasure because it provides something you need or want a satisfying meal a satisfying experience it is satisfying to do something It's satisfying to play a game really well.

My eyesight has got ________________ worse over the years. PROGRESS

gradually: My eyesight has got progressively worse over the years. Synonymincreasingly

dense

having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through: dense fog a dense forest The body was found hidden in dense undergrowth. Synonymthick (CLOSE TOGETHER)

74 percent of teachers said their paperwork was _____________________. Long, curly, unmanageable hair needs a good conditioner. MANAGE

impossible to deal with or manage: 74 percent of teachers said their paperwork was unmanageable. Long, curly, unmanageable hair needs a good conditioner.

The idea that they might not win was ____________________ to them. CONCEIVABLE It would be ____________________ for her to change her mind.

impossible to imagine or think of: The idea that they might not win was inconceivable to them. It would be inconceivable for her to change her mind.

artfully

in a clever or attractive wayan artfully devised plot ​(disapproving) in a clever way that sometimes involves not telling the truth She opened her right hand but artfully concealed the key in her left hand.

imperceptibly

in a very small way that cannot be seen or felt The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.

extensively

in a way that covers a large area or has a great range: The house was extensively rebuilt after the fire. The side effects of the new drug are being extensively researched. Sieheextensive Mehr Beispiele He draws extensively on scholarly research for his essey. She said she expects to travel extensively after retirement. Researchers have extensively studied the effects of class size on student achievement.

In the past, people thought art was something timelessly beautiful. The stars, planets, and galaxies spin timelessly around.

in a way that does not change as the years go past, or as fashion changes: In the past, people thought art was something timelessly beautiful. The stars, planets, and galaxies spin timelessly around.

She now realized how ______________________ she had behaved towards him. THOUGHT Jean makes decisions ______________________ and suddenly.

in a way that does not consider how your actionsor words may upset someone: She now realized how thoughtlessly she had behaved towards him. Jean makes decisions thoughtlessly and suddenly.

powerless

in a way that has a very great effect: He argued powerfully and persuasively against capital punishment. in a way that has a lot of strength or force: She kicked the ball so powerfully that it flew over the hedge. Klaus is a very powerfully built man.

unsteadily

in a way that involves moving slightly from side to side, as if you might fall : He walked slowly and unsteadily to his piano. Unsteadily, he made his way out of the door, and on to the street. in a way that is not smooth or regular: His voice wavered unsteadily.

analytically

in a way that involves studying or examining things in detail, in order to discover more about them: The research is analytically rigorous/sloppy. Some people are better than others at thinking analytically.

qualitatively

in a way that is connected with what something is like or how good it is, rather than with how much of it there is Although the patterns are qualitatively different, these studies point to the same conclusion.

playfully

in a way that is full of fun and wanting to playThe puppy playfully pulled a bit of her dress. ​in a way that is made or done in fun; in a way that is not seriousSYNONYM light-heartedlyMaria playfully punched him in the chest.

satisfactorily

in a way that is good enough for a particular purposeSYNONYM acceptably (1) Her disappearance has never been satisfactorily explained. Our complaint was dealt with satisfactorily.

unavoidably

in a way that is impossible to avoid: Due to adverse weather conditions, the trains were unavoidably delayed. Food safety is, unavoidably, a global issue.

sympathetically

in a way that is kind to somebody who is hurt or sad, and that shows that you understand and care about their problemsto smile at somebody sympatheticallyThe teacher listened sympathetically to the student's problems. ​in a way that shows that you approve of somebody/something or that you share their views and are willing to support themWe hope this application will be treated sympathetically.

favourably

in a way that shows someone or something is liked or approved of: New recruits are usually desperate to be judged favourably by their superiors. Patients comment more favourably about hospitals when they have recently undergone treatment. in a way that gives you an advantage or more chance of success: Our products compare favourably with all the leading brands. He's prepared to consider her application extremely favourably. Siehe

argumentatively

in a way that shows someone wants to argue: "Maybe I'll change my mind about going out," he said, argumentatively. He expressed his views openly, firmly, and argumentatively. Seeargumentative More examples He preached argumentatively, providing and then disputing reasons. My comments were dismissedargumentatively as generalizations. The article is abstract and argumentatively complex.

irresolutely

in a way that shows that you are not able or willing to make decisions or take action : He paused irresolutely. Alice stood irresolutely for a moment.

selflessly

in a way that shows that you are thinking more about the needs, happiness, etc. of other people than about your ownSYNONYM unselfishly She has worked selflessly for years to help her community.

selfishly

in a way that shows that you care only about yourself rather than about other people She looked forward, a little selfishly, to a weekend away from her family.

regretfully

in a way that shows that you feel sorry about something: "I never saw her again," he added regretfully. She regretfully left behind many friends when she moved to Wales.

wildly

in an uncontrolled or extreme way: He was dancing wildly. Inflation figures have fluctuated wildly between 0.2 and 25 percent. It was wildly (= very) expensive. I'm not wildly (= very) happy about the idea. Mehr Beispiele Her weight fluctuates wildly. There was a man outside the window gesticulating wildly. Their estimate of the cost of the project was wildly inaccurate. The children were wildly excited.

lengthways

in the direction of the longest side: Cut the beans in half lengthways. Synonymlongways

Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in ___________. HISTORICAL

lasting forever or for a long time: I wish someone would invent an everlasting light bulb. Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in history. Synonymunending formal

artificial

made or produced to copy something natural; not real an artificial limb/flower/sweetener/fertilizer artificial lighting/light

preferable

more attractive or more suitable; to be preferred to something preferable (to something) Anything was preferable to the tense atmosphere at home. preferable (to doing something) He finds country life infinitely preferable to living in the city. preferable (to do something) It would be preferable to employ two people, not one.

major

more important, bigger, or more serious than others of the same type: All of her major plays have been translated into English. Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor. Citrus fruits are a major source of vitamin C. There has been a major change in attitudes recently. The United States is a major influence in the United Nations. Vergleichenminor adjective (UNIMPORTANT)

predominant

more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others: Research forms the predominant part of my job. Dancers have a predominant role in this performance.

upwardly

moving or able to move to a higher social class, for example by becoming richer: The meeting attracted upwardly mobile professional and political women.

mobile

moving or walking around freely: You've broken your ankle but you'll be fully mobile within a couple of months. It's important to keep the joint mobile while it heals. able to be moved from one place to another: He uses a mobile laboratory. a mobile medical unit

He was a Southern gentleman and that made him __________________ to life in the hustling Midwest. ADAPT Long thought __________________, Mervyn Peake's fantastical tale finallymakes it to the small screen.

not able or willing to change or be changed in order to suitdifferent conditions : He was a Southern gentleman and that made him unadaptable to life in the hustling Midwest. (of an artistic work) not able to be changed into a different form: Long thought unadaptable, Mervyn Peake's fantastical tale finallymakes it to the small screen.

There are no ______________ answers/solutions to this problem. DEFINITE The police have no ______________ proof of her guilt.

not able to be changed or improved: a definitive judgment/ruling There are no definitive answers/solutions to this problem. The police have no definitive proof of her guilt.

inseparable

not able to be separated Our economic fortunes are inseparable from those of Europe. if people are inseparable, they spend most of their time together and are very good friends As children, Laura and I were inseparable. George later became our inseparable companion. The two brothers are almost inseparable.

unrelated

not connected; not related to something elseSYNONYM unconnectedThe two events were totally unrelated.Of the six cancer patients, two died of unrelated causes. unrelated to something In my free time I like to do things that are unrelated to my work.It is just a fairy tale unrelated to the real world. ​(of people, animals, etc.) not belonging to the same familyThey have the same name but are, in fact, unrelated. OPPOSITE related

These regulations are _________________ to visitors from outside the European Community. APPLY

not directed at, intended for, or suitable for someone or something: These regulations are inapplicable to visitors from outside the European Community.

insubstantial

not enough or not strong enough: an insubstantial meal insubstantial evidence

unfavourable

not giving you an advantage or a good chance of success: Current conditions are very unfavourable for new businesses. We have to be prepared for an unfavourable outcome. C2negative and showing that you do not like something: He always talks about her in an unfavourable way. Of those surveyed, 62 percent said they had an unfavourable opinion of the president. The film has had unfavourable reviews. Synonymeadverse

leisured

not having to work and therefore having a lot of time to do what you enjoythe leisured classes ​(less frequent)(also leisurely)done without hurrying

dependent

not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things: an independent enquiry/organization They all made the same comment, quiteindependent of each other (= without decidingtogether to do so). An independent politician does not agree or votewith any particular political party. More examples An independent adviser has been brought in to conciliate between the two sides involved in the conflict. It's hard to obtain truly independent financialadvice. Hundreds of small independent shops will be forced to close by the opening of this superstore.

unintentional

not intentionaI It is unclear why expansions should raise arrests and unintentional injuries.From the Cambridge English Corpus As economic globalization continues, the unintentional introduction of exotic marine species will increase.

improbable

not likely to happen or be true: It's highly improbable that Norris will agree. an improbable-sounding excuse

unofficial

not official; not from a person in authority, the government, etc.: unofficial estimates/figures/reports

unconnected

not related or connected in any way The two crimes are apparently unconnected. unconnected with/to something My resignation was totally unconnected with recent events. The judge was unconnected with the company representatives. The question was unconnected to anything they had been discussing.

unsubstantiated

not supported by facts: Companies can be punished for making unsubstantiated claims about their products.

chosen

past participle of choose

satisfy

satisfy somebody(not used in the progressive tenses)to make somebody pleased by doing or giving them what they want Nothing satisfies him—he's always complaining. The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.

Your dog is _____________ intelligent. You should try and get him on TV! ORDINARY

Your dog is ordinarily intelligent. You should try and get him on TV!

zealous

showing great energy and enthusiasm for something, especially because you feel strongly about it a zealous reformer

unspeakable

a condition or way of being that exists at a particular time: The building was in a state of disrepair. She was found wandering in a confused state (of mind). Give me the keys - you're not in a state to drive. After the accident I was in a state of shock. I came home to an unhappy state of affairs (= situation). The kitchen was in its original state, with a 1920s sink and stove.

The legal ______________ of what is and what is not pornography is very unsatisfactory. DEFINE

a description of the features and limits of something: The legal definition of what is and what is not pornography is very unsatisfactory.

A _____________ actor, builder, gardener, etc. JOB

a jobbing actor, builder, gardener, etc. someone who does not work regularly for one person or organization but does small pieces of work for different people

type

a particular group of people or things that share similar characteristics and form a smaller division of a larger set: There were so many different types of bread that I didn't know which to buy. What type of clothes does she wear? It was dark so I didn't notice what type of car it was. He's the type of man you could take home to your mother. He's very attractive, if you like the blond, athletic type. They sell dried flowers and baskets and that type of thing. We have a range of moisturizers for all different skin types.

stimulus

something that helps somebody/something to develop better or more quickly stimulus for something Books provide children with ideas and a stimulus for play. stimulus to something The new tax laws should act as a stimulus to exports. stimulus (for somebody) (to do something) This development also acted as a stimulus for Britain to modernize her air force.

aggression

spoken or physical behaviour that is threatening or involves harm to someone or something: Some types of dog are bred for aggression. an act of aggression forceful playing in sport that is intended to winpoints More examples He is capable of outbursts of uncontrolledaggression. Does your dog show aggression towards any strangers or just towards men? You have to learn to control your aggression in order to avoid serious conflict. To launch a pre-emptive strike would be an act of aggression against that country. When a cat wags its tail, this is usually a signof aggression.

implicit

suggested but not communicated directly: He interpreted her comments as an implicit criticism of the government. Implicit in the poem's closing lines are the poet's own religious doubts.

useful

that can help you to do or achieve what you want a useful tool useful information The Minister said that a meeting with the strikers would serve no useful purpose. The website turned out to be a really useful resource. useful to somebody He might be useful to us. useful for somebody/somethingThe mortgages are especially useful for people with fluctuating incomes. useful for doing something These plants are particularly useful for brightening up shady areas.

unfamiliar

that you do not know or recognize She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar surroundings. An unfamiliar sound came from the hall. unfamiliar to somebody Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you.

desirable

that you would like to have or do; worth having or doing She chatted for a few minutes about the qualities she considered desirable in a secretary. Such measures are desirable, if not essential. The house has many desirable features. Experience of computers is highly desirable. It is desirable that... (British English) It is desirable that interest rates should be reduced. (especially North American English)It is desirable that interest rates be reduced.

Running a marathon is a test of human ______________. ENDURE The pain was bad beyond ______________.

the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painfulfor a long time: Running a marathon is a test of human endurance. The pain was bad beyond endurance.

speech

the ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a piece of spoken language: Children usually develop speech in the second year of life. People who suffer a stroke may experience a loss of speech.

I certainly hope to gain a little ______________ as I grow older. DOM He hosts a weekly radio programme in which he dispenses ______________ on a variety of subjects. I tend to doubt the ______________ of separating a childfrom its family whatever the circumstances.

the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments: I certainly hope to gain a little wisdom as I grow older. He hosts a weekly radio programme in which he dispenses wisdom (= gives his opinions) on a variety of subjects. I tend to doubt the wisdom of separating a childfrom its family whatever the circumstances. Did we ever stop to question the wisdom of going to war? Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom. Conventional/Received/Popular wisdom has it (= most people think) that women are more emotionalthan men, but in my experience it often isn't the case.

patience

the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or becoming annoyed: You have to have such a lot of patience when you're dealing with kids. In the end I lost my patience and shouted at her. He's a good teacher, but he doesn't have much patience with the slower pupils. Making small-scale models takes/requires a greatdeal of patience. Their youngest son was beginning to try my patience (= annoy me). Patience - they'll be here soon!

overstatement

the act of describing or explaining something in a way that makes it seem more important or more serious than it really is: It would be an overstatement to say that she deserved to win the race. Synonymexaggeration

stimulation

the act of encouraging of something so that it develops or becomes more activethe stimulation of economic growth ​the act of making somebody interested and excited about something by engaging their mind or their physical sensesKids' interest is often caught by visual stimulation.intellectual/sensory/sexual/physical stimulation

expression

the act of saying what you think or showing how you feel using words or actions: He wrote her a poem as an expression of his love. We've received a lot of expressions of support for our campaign. Freedom of expression is a basic human right. It's better to give expression to (= show) your anger, rather than hiding it. formal His sadness at the death of his wife found expression (= was shown) in his music. She plays the violin with great expression (= feeling).

separation

the act of separating people or things; the state of being separate separation from somebody/something the state's eventual separation from the federation separation between A and B the need for a clear separation between Church and State

destabilisation

the action of making a government, area, or political group lose power or control, or making a political or economic situation less strong or safe, by causing changes and problems: A new war would only lead to further destabilization throughout the region. Major markets were affected by political destabilization.

overreaction

the action of reacting in an extreme, especially an angry or frightened, way: She accused police of a massive overreaction. The pollen causes an overreaction in the humanimmune system. Seeoverreact More examples The newspaper accused everyone of hystericaloverreaction. This chronic disease is characterized by an overreaction of the immune system to proteinsubstances.

I'll have to do some ______________ about how best to arrange the books. THINK

the activity of using your mind to considersomething: I'll have to do some thinking about how best to arrange the books.

printing

the activity or business of producing writing or images on paper or other material with a machine: She runs her own printing business. [ C ]the number of copies of a book that the publisher has produced: The publishers produced a first printing of 2,500.

morale

the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation: A couple of victories would improve the team's morale enormously. There have been a lot of job losses recently so morale is fairly low.

powerlessness

the condition or feeling of having no power: A significant cause of stress in the workplace is a sense of powerlessness and lack of control. As hostages, they experienced humiliation and utter powerlessness.

desirability

the extent to which you would like to have or do something; the quality of being wanted a lotNo one questions the desirability of cheaper fares. ​the quality of causing other people to feel sexual desire; the extent to which somebody has this qualityHer indifference to him was all part of her desirability.

The general ___________________ of these basic principles. APPLY

the fact of affecting or relating to a person or thing: The general applicability of these basic principles

landing

the fact of an aircraft arriving on the ground or a boat reaching land: One person has died after the pilot of a light aircraft was forced to make a crash/emergency landing in a field.

The court will determine the ________________________ of the police activity. REASONABLE There was a sweet ________________________ in her voice.

the fact of being based on or using good judgment and therefore being fair and practical: The court will determine the reasonableness (Angemessenheit) of the police activity. There was a sweet reasonableness in her voice.

extension

the fact of reaching, stretching, or continuing; the act of adding to something in order to make it bigger or longer: Martin Luther King, Jr, campaigned for the extension of civil rights to (= for them to include) black people. The extension (= increasing) of police powers in the province has been heavily criticized. His report contained serious criticisms of the finance director, and, by extension (= therefore), of the entire board of management. The article is an extension of (= takes further) the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book. I've applied for an extension to my visa (= asked for it to last longer).

There has been no ______________ in that class - they've had six different teachers. CONTINUE

the fact of something continuing for a long period of time without being changed or stopped: There has been no continuity in that class - they've had six different teachers.

fruitfulness (Fruchtbarkeit)

the fact that plants produce a lot of fruit: She loved the beauty and fruitfulness of the autumn, when the whole countryside was ablazewith rich golden colours. However, many observations and considerations cast doubts on the fruitfulness of the proposed direct pick up of global invariants.From the Cambridge English Corpus Neither hypothesis is better in terms of simplicity, conservativism, fruitfulness, scope, or testability.

unavailability

the fact that something cannot be obtainedMany of the problems were caused by the unavailability of suitable equipment. ​the fact that somebody is not able or not willing to see, meet or talk to somebodyThe trial was adjourned due to the unavailability of a key witness.

sympathy

the feeling of being sorry for somebody; showing that you understand and care about somebody's problems sympathy for somebody to express/feel sympathy for somebody I have no sympathy for Jan—it's all her own fault. I wish he'd show me a little more sympathy. Our heartfelt sympathy goes out to the victims of the war. out of sympathy for somebodyShops were closed out of sympathy for the victims. (formal) May we offer our deepest sympathies on the death of your wife.

governor

a person in charge of a particular political unit: the governor of Texas See alsogubernatorialguvnor mainly UKa person in charge of or responsible for a particular organization: a prison/school governor

respondent

a person who answers a request for information: In a recent opinion poll, a majority of respondents were against nuclear weapons. LAWin a court case, the person who a petition (= a formal letter to the court asking for a particularaction) is made against, especially in a divorcecase: She divorced the respondent on the grounds of unreasonable behaviour.

humanist

a person who believes in humanism (= a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs)

racist

a person who believes that some races of people are better than others and may show this in violent or unfair treatment of people of other races He's a racist. The family was being harassed by racists. having the belief that some races of people are better than others; showing this through violent or unfair treatment of people of other races racist attitudes/remarks racist thugs/attacks

editor

a person who corrects or changes pieces of text or films before they are printed or shown, or a person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine: She's a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company. Who is the current editor of the Times? Mehr Beispiele She has just been fired as editor of the newspaper. He fired off an angry letter to the editor. When she left college, she got a job as an editor in a publishing company. He became editor of the legendary Irish journal 'The Bell'. The paper's editor has apologized unreservedly to the senator.

perfectionist

a person who likes to do things perfectly and is not satisfied with anything less He was a perfectionist in his art and could be difficult to work for. perfectionist standards To reach that level of playing you have to be an absolute perfectionist.

habitant (Einwohner)

a person who lives in a particular place: Last year there were 130 murders for every 100,000 habitants in the city. Synonyminhabitant a person who arrives, especially from another country, in a new place in order to live there and use the land: farmland established by the habitants of the St Lawrence valley Synonymsettler

player

a person who takes part in a game or sport a football/tennis/chess player top/star players a game for four players We've lost two key players through injury. Celtic have signed four new players.

architect

a person whose job is to design new buildings and make certain that they are built correctly a person responsible for achieving a particular plan or aim: Bevan was the architect of the British National Health Service. Mehr Beispiele After years of study, Tim is now a fully-fledged architect. The architect has quoted £10,000 to build an extension. She is a highly recommended architect. He is probably the best known living architect. The architect showed us the house plans that she had drawn up.

material

a physical substance that things can be made from: building materials, such as stone Crude oil is used as the raw (= basic) material for making plastics. Mehr Beispiele The meteorites contained only inorganic material. Clay is a very plastic material. Uranium is a radioactive material. The regular incorporation of organic material into garden soil improves its quality enormously. Prices of goods are governed by the cost of the raw materials, as well as by the cost of production and distribution.

roundabout

a place where three or more roads join and traffic must go around a circular area in the middle, rather than straight across COLIN Matthieu/hemis.fr/GettyImages Mehr Beispiele Take the first left at the roundabout. Take the last turning at the roundabout.

They'd made all the _____________________ for the party. ARRANGE _____________________ were made to move the prisoners to another jail. What are your current childcare _____________________?

a plan for how something will happen: They'd made all the arrangements for the party. Arrangements were made to move the prisoners to another jail. What are your current childcare arrangements?

valuation

a professional judgement about how much money something is worth; its estimated value Surveyors carried out a valuation of the property. Experts set a high valuation on the painting. land valuation

slippage (Schlupf)

a reduction in the rate, amount, or standard of something: The party leader is said to be concerned at the slippage (= loss of popularity) in the recent opinion polls. a failure to happen or finish on time: the slippage of the book's publication date

Unless you ____________ your mistakes, you'll never succeed in making up for them. KNOWLEDGE

Unless you acknowledge your mistakes, you'll never succeed in making up for them.

morality

a set of personal or social standards for good or bad behaviour and character: They argued for a new morality based on self-sacrifice and honesty. [ U ]the quality of being right, honest, or acceptable: I have to question the morality of forcing poorpeople to pay for their medical treatment.

stability

a situation in which something is not likely to move or change: a period of political stability Mehr Beispiele Greater international stability can surely only be to the good. A loving family environment gives children that sense of stability and permanence which they need. This has been a period of relative economic stability. We all need some stability in our lives. Our country has enjoyed a long period of peace and stability.

destroyer

a small fast ship used in war, for example to protect larger shipsTOPICS Transport by waterC2 ​a person or thing that destroysSugar is the

Compounds are often tested at this level: Example a. The ______________ of the meeting was rather inconclusive. COME b. His brother had a second-hand car which was barely ____________. ROAD

a. The outcome of the meeting was rather inconclusive. b. His brother had a second-hand car which was barely roadworthy (fahrbereit). ROAD

A _________________ currency/bond. CONVERT A _________________ sofa bed. CONVERT

able to be arranged in a different way and used for a different purpose: a convertible sofa bed FINANCE & ECONOMICS specialized used to refer to a type of money that can be easily exchanged into other types of money: A convertible currency/bond.

The height of the steering wheel is ______________. ADJUST Is the strap on this helmet ______________?

able to be changed to suit particular needs: The height of the steering wheel is adjustable. Is the strap on this helmet adjustable?

Under the circumstances, what happened was quite ____________________.

able to be explained: Under the circumstances, what happened was quite explicable.

admiring

admiring (of somebody/something) showing respect for somebody/something for what they are or what they have done James was admiring of her courage and determination. Others took a less admiring view of this behaviour.

additionally

also or in addition: Additionally, we request a deposit of $200 in advance. You can leave your pension in the fund, and additionally contribute to a personal pension. Sieheadditional Mehr Beispiele Additionally, there are excellent photos in each chapter. Additionally, all our credit cards should have photo ID printed on them.

declaration

an announcement, often one that is written and official: Members of Congress have to make a declaration of their business interests. As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen. The company made a declaration of intent to follow an equal opportunities policy.

response

an answer or reaction: Responses to our advertisement have been disappointing. Her proposals met with an enthusiastic response. I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared at me blankly. Management have granted a ten percent pay rise inresponse to union pressure.

stronghold

an area in which there is a lot of support for a particular belief or group of people, especially a political partya Republican stronghold/a stronghold of RepublicanismThe Labour Party retained its traditional stronghold in the north.The college is a stronghold of the child-centred approach to teaching. ​a castle or a place that is strongly built and difficult to attackThe castle was an important royal stronghold for hundreds of years.Troops surrounded the mountain stronghold of the guerrillas.

wilderness

an area of land that has not been used to grow crops or had towns and roads built on it, especially because it is difficult to live in as a result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth: a beautiful mountain wilderness Alaska is the last great wilderness. mainly US It's a wilderness area, under the protection of the Parks Department.

editorial

an article in a newspaper that expresses the editor's opinion on a subject of particular interest at the present time: All the papers deal with the same subject in their editorials. Synonymeleader (NEWSPAPER) UKleading article UK

perception

an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how you see or understand something a campaign to change public perception of the police perception that... There is a general public perception that standards in schools are falling.

impression

an idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about somebody/something, or that somebody/something gives you My first impression of him was favourable. She gives the impression of being very busy. impression that... I did not get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.

fruition (Erfüllung)

an occasion when a plan or an idea begins to happen, exist, or be successful: None of his grand plans for a TV series ever came to fruition.

You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a _____________! COINCIDE Is it just a _____________ that the wife of the man who ran the competition won first prize? A series of strange/amazing _____________.

an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time, especially in a way that is unlikely and surprising: You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a coincidence! Is it just a coincidence that the wife of the man who ran the competition won first prize? a series of strange/amazing coincidences

resoluteness

an official decision that is made after a group or organization has voted: to approve/adopt a resolution [ + to infinitive ] The United Nations passed (= votedto support) a resolution to increase aid to developing nations. C2 [ C ]a promise to yourself to do or to not do something: [ + to infinitive ] I made a resolution to give up chocolate. More examples The resolution calls for a durable peacesettlement. The resolution was carried by 210 votes to 160. "Have you made any New Year's resolutions?" "Yes, I'm going to eat more healthily and give up smoking."

considered

an opinion or decision that someone has reached after a lot of thought: [ + that ] It is my considered opinion that he should be promoted.

institue

an organization where people do a particulartype of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology More examples The institute derives all its money from foreign investments. The institute will invest 5 million in the project. The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry. The research institute is based in Cambridge. The institute awards three researchfellowships each year.

charity

an organization whose purpose is to give money, food, or help to those who need it, or to carry out activities such as medical researchthat will help people in need, and not to make a profit: Proceeds from the sale of these cards will go to(= be given to) local charities. UNICEF is an international charity. a cancer research charity B1 [ U ]help, especially in the form of money, given freely to people who are in need, for examplebecause they are ill, poor, or have no home, and organizations that provide this help: She does a lot of work for charity. People tend to give to (= give money to) charity at Christmas time.

prejudjice

an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictlyenforced. [ + that ] The campaign aims to dispel the prejudice that AIDS is confined to the homosexual community. He claims that prejudice against homosexualswould cease overnight if all the gay stars in the country were honest about their sexuality.

wildlife

animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions: a documentary on Peruvian wildlife wildlife groups/conservation Mehr Beispiele At the museum there was a diorama of local wildlife. She left a large sum of money in her will to found a wildlife sanctuary. The use of pesticides is killing off birds, fish and wildlife. Their work involves restoring and recreating wildlife habitats all across the country. A new series of wildlife programmes has started on Monday evenings.

This year's Olympic Games will be the biggest ever sporting ___________. EVENTUAL Susannah's party was the social event of the year. The police are trying to determine the series of ___________ that led up to the murder.

anything that happens, especially something important or unusual: This year's Olympic Games will be the biggest ever sporting event. Susannah's party was the social event of the year. The police are trying to determine the series of events that led up to the murder.

separately

as a separate person or thing; not together They were photographed separately and then as a group. Last year's figures are shown separately. Husband and wife are assessed separately for tax. separately from somebody/something That matter will be considered separately from the main agenda.

individualist

a person who is different from other people and does things in their own wayShe's a complete individualist in her art. ​a person who believes that individual people in society should have the right to make their own decisions, etc, rather than be controlled by the government

zealot

a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something, especially religion or politicsSYNONYM fanatic

pursuer

a person who is following or going after somebody

reactionary

a person who is opposed to political or socialchange or new ideas: Reactionaries are preventing reforms.

classmate

a person who is or was in the same class as you at school or college Are you curious to know where your former classmates are now?

If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a ________________ man. REASON He went free because the jury decided there was a __________________ doubt about his guilt.

based on or using good judgment and therefore fair and practical: If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a reasonable man. He went free because the jury decided there was a reasonable doubt about his guilt.

resultant (resultierend)

caused by the event or situation that you have just mentionedTo transform such resultants back into standard clauses, conjunctive partial deduction requires a renaming transformation, from conjunctions to atoms, in a post-processing step. From the Cambridge English Corpus There is no one cause for these variations, which are the resultants of increases and decreases in the different types of instrument. From the Hansard archive

destructive

causing destruction or damage The war demonstrated the destructive power of modern weapons. the destructive effects of anxiety Opencast coal mining is among the most environmentally destructive activities carried out in Wales.

provocative

causing thought about interesting subjects: The programme will take a detailed and provocative look at the problem of homelessness.

probability

the level of possibility of something happening or being true: What is the probability of winning? The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten. There's a high/strong probability (that) (= it is very likely that) she'll be here. Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability (= it is likely to happen).

causation

the process of causing something to happen or exist: the action of causing something. "the postulated role of nitrate in the causation of cancer" the relationship between cause and effect; causality. plural noun: causations "a strong association is not a proof of causation"

No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations are still _____________. GO It was just another episode in an _____________ saga of marriage problems. There are a number of _____________ difficulties with the project. Discussions between local residents and the developers of the new shopping centre are _____________. A series of _____________ technical hitches has delayed the opening of the new control centre. There is an _____________ investigation into the cause of the crash.

continuing to exist or develop, or happening at the present moment: an ongoing investigation/process/project No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations are still ongoing. Mehr Beispiele It was just another episode in an ongoing saga of marriage problems. There are a number of ongoing difficulties with the project. Discussions between local residents and the developers of the new shopping centre are ongoing. A series of ongoing technical hitches has delayed the opening of the new control centre. There is an ongoing investigation into the cause of the crash.

_________________ technology/architecture/medicine/art. MODERNIZATION We're in the very _________________ -looking building opposite the station. Approving My grandpa's attitudes are very _________________, considering his age.

designed and made using the most recent ideas and methods: modern technology/architecture/medicine/art We're in the very modern-looking building opposite the station. approving My grandpa's attitudes are very modern, considering his age.

disillusioned (ernüchtern)

disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected: He's become a disillusioned man. All the other teachers are thoroughly disillusioned with their colleague.

collective

done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a whole group or society collective leadership/decision-making/responsibility collective memory (= things that a group of people or a community know or remember, that are often passed from parents to children)

loyalty

the quality of being constant in your support of somebody/something Can I count on your loyalty? loyalty to/towards somebody/something They swore their loyalty to the king. Companies are eager to build brand loyalty in their customers (= to keep them buying the same brand).

The _________________ of the museum has contributed to the initial large crowds. NEW On the west side of the street, there is a chain-link fence, its bright _________________ at odds with the dust-covered buildings that surround it. You might be able to tell something about an area of town by the size and _________________ of cars on the street.

the quality of having been recently created or having started to exist recently: Kids lose their enthusiasm for things when the sense of newness wears off. The newness of the museum has contributed to the initial large crowds. More examples On the west side of the street, there is a chain-link fence, its bright newness at odds with the dust-covered buildings that surround it. You might be able to tell something about an area of town by the size and newness of cars on the street.

She obviously chose these tracks for their _______________________, their ability to transcend generations. TIME The figure in the painting looked out at the world with a serene _______________________.

the quality of not changing as the years go past, or as fashion changes: She obviously chose these tracks for their timelessness, their ability to transcend generations. The figure in the painting looked out at the world with a serene timelessness.

selflessness

the quality of thinking more about the needs, happiness, etc. of other people than about your own

rest

the rest [singular]the part of something that remains Take what you want and throw the rest away. the rest of something The country enjoys friendly relations with the rest of the world. How would you like to spend the rest of the day? for the rest of something I'm not doing this job for the rest of my life.

effect

the result of a particular influence: The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment. I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect. I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep. She has a lot of confidence, which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews.

payoff

the result of a set of actions, or an explanation at the end of something: The payoff for years of research is a microscope that` performs better than all of its competitors.

metallurgy

the scientific study of the structures and uses of metals: She has a doctorate in metallurgy from the University of Utah.

intimacy

the state of having a close personal relationship with somebody She isn't capable of real intimacy. intimacy between A and B The old intimacy between them had gone for ever. intimacy with somebody He enjoys an intimacy with the president.

youth

the time of life when a person is young, especially the time before a child becomes an adult in somebody's youth He had been a talented musician in his youth. She regrets that she spent her youth travelling and not studying. to relive/recapture your youth He joked that being good at cards was the sign of a misspent youth (= having wasted his time when he was young).

"Are we too early?" "No, your ________________ is perfect - dinner is almost ready." TIME The bomb contained a ________________ device set to make it go off at rush hour.

the time when something happens: "Are we too early?" "No, your timing is perfect - dinner is almost ready." The bomb contained a timing device set to make it go off at rush hour.

phraseology

the way in which language is used, especially in the choice of words and expressions Synonymephrasingwording

characterisation

the way that a writer makes characters in a book or play seem reala work of comic brilliance and masterly characterizationThe film is worth seeing for its fine characterizations.TOPICS Literature and writingC1 ​(formal) the way in which somebody/something is described or definedSYNONYM portrayal

appearance

the way that somebody/something looks on the outside; what somebody/something seems to be the physical/outward/external appearance of something She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance. The dog was similar in general appearance to a spaniel. He gave every appearance of (= seemed very much to be) enjoying himself.

goods

things that are produced to be sold to produce/buy/sell goods manufactured/imported goods luxury goods electrical/sporting goods cheap/expensive goods

obsessional

thinking too much about one particular person or thing, in a way that is not normal She is obsessional about cleanliness. obsessional behaviour Perfectionist and obsessional thoughts can increase stress. They were receiving medical treatment for obsessional symptoms.

infinity

time or space that has no end: the infinity of the universe the concept of infinity [ U ]a place that is so far away that it cannot be reached: figurative The mountain range stretched away into infinity.

react

to act in a particular way as a direct result of something else: She slapped him and called him names, but he didn't react. The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair trial. Many people react (badly) to (= are made ill by)penicillin.

typecast (typisiert)

to always give an actor the same type of character to play, usually because he or she is physically suited to that type of part: She soon found herself typecast as a dizzy blonde.

typeset (setzen)

to arrange printed text and images on the page when preparing a book, newspaper, etc. for printing: All their publications are typeset in-house.

depend

to be decided by or to change according to the stated thing: Whether or not we go to Mexico for our holidaydepends on the cost. [ + question word ] I might go to the cinema tomorrow - it depends what time I get home from work.

surround

to be everywhere around something: Snow-capped mountains surround the city. Gwen sat at her desk, surrounded by books and papers. Mystery still surrounds the exact circumstances of Stalin's death. She said that she wanted to die surrounded by the people she loves (= with them all present). Early this morning, armed police surrounded (= moved into a position so that they were everywhere around) a house which they thought contained an escaped prisoner.

withstand

to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully: a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes Our toys are designed to withstand the rough treatment of the average five-year-old. The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to withstand ground and air attacks. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time (= it will still be popular in the future).

The new sofa was bigger than the old one, so they had to ______________ the rest of the furniture. ARRANGE I'm busy tomorrow - could we ______________ the meeting for Monday?

to change the order, position, or time of arrangements already made: The new sofa was bigger than the old one, so they had to rearrange the rest of the furniture. I'm busy tomorrow - could we rearrange the meeting for Monday (= have it on Monday instead)?

The jeweller skilfully ______________ the initials on the ring. ENGRAVE The bracelet was ______________ with his name and date of birth.

to cut words, pictures, or patterns into the surface of metal, stone, etc.: The jeweller skilfully engraved the initials on the ring. The bracelet was engraved with his name and date of birth.

overstated

to describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is: The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated. The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger. Synonymexaggerate

understate

to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is: She believes the research understates the amount of discrimination women suffer. Synonymedownplayminimizexpress less strongly than appropriate/actual state

mean

to express or represent something such as an idea, thought, or fact: What does this word mean? [ + that ] These figures mean that almost six percent of the working population is unemployed. What do you mean by that remark? She's kind of strange though. Do you know what I mean? "They all showed up." "You mean the entire family?"

apportion

to give or share out something, especially blame or money, among several people or things: When we know how much is profit, then we can apportion the money among/between us. The investigation into the air crash would inevitably apportion blame to certain members of the crew. Synonymallocate

overpower

to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something: [ + to infinitive ] This amendment empowers the president to declare an emergency for a widerange of reasons. The first step in empowering the poorest sectionsof society is making sure they vote.

allot

to give something, especially a share of something available, for a particular purpose: [ + two objects ] They allotted everyone a separate desk. They allotted a separate desk to everyone. The ministry of culture will be allotted about 15% less this year. Three hours have been allotted to/for this task. The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art.

pass

to go past something or someone or move in relation to it, him, or her: I passed him on the stairs this morning. You should only pass a slower vehicle if it is safe to do so. If you pass a supermarket, could you get me some milk? I was just passing by (= going past the place where you are), so I thought I'd drop in for a chat. A momentary look of anxiety passed across his face. A cloud passed over the sun.

recur

to happen many times or to happen again: The theme of freedom recurs throughout her writing. If the pain/problem/trouble, etc. recurs, come and see me. Mehr Beispiele Water, a symbol of life, recurs as an image throughout her poems. If the symptoms recur, visit your doctor. The theme of loss recurs throughout much of his writing. If the problem recurred, we'd have to think again. The same ideas recur throughout her books.

recurring

to happen many times or to happen again: The theme of freedom recurs throughout her writing. If the pain/problem/trouble, etc. recurs, come and see me. Mehr Beispiele Water, a symbol of life, recurs as an image throughout her poems. If the symptoms recur, visit your doctor. The theme of loss recurs throughout much of his writing. If the problem recurred, we'd have to think again. The same ideas recur throughout her books.

intend

to have as a plan or purpose: [ + to infinitive ] We intend to go to Australia next year. Somehow I offended him, which wasn't what I'd intended. [ + obj + to infinitive ] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark. The course is intended for intermediate-level students. It was intended as a compliment, honestly!

heighten

to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect: The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd.

assessment

to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something: The insurers will need to assess the flood damage. They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £2,500. Exams are not the only means of assessing a student's ability. It's too early to assess the long-term consequences of the two countries' union. [ + question word ] We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.

conserve

to keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste: To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating. The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language. I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy/strength for later.

The empress _____________ all her children. OUT The Orioles _____________ the Yankees, finally winning 10 to 9.

to live or exist, or to stay energetic and determined, longer than another person or thing: The empress outlasted all her children. The Orioles outlasted the Yankees, finally winning 10 to 9.

associate

to make a connection between people or things in your mind associate somebody/something with somebody/something I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies. Most people immediately associate addictions with drugs, alcohol and cigarettes. associate somebody/somethingYou wouldn't normally associate these two writers—their styles are completely different.

The east coast railway line has been _________________. ELECTRIC

to make a machine or system operate using electricity when it did not before: The east coast railway line has been electrified.

The east coast railway line has been _________________. ELECTRIC

to make a machine or system operate using electricity when it did not before: The east coast railway line has been electrified.

withdraw

to make a picture of something or someone with a pencil or pen: Jonathan can draw very well. The children drew pictures of their families. Draw a line at the bottom of the page.

publicise

to make information about something generally available: Attitudes seem to be changing as a result of recent highly publicized cases of sexual harassment. The event was well publicized all over town. The work of the charity has been widely publicized throughout the media.

lengthen

to make something longer, or to become longer: I'll have to lengthen this skirt. lengthening waiting lists If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen: There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years. Gegensatzshorten

Much of the house has been ______________. MODERN There has been a lot of opposition to ______________ working practices. If they want to increase output from the factory, they'll have to ______________.

to make something more modern: Much of the house has been modernized. There has been a lot of opposition to modernizing working practices. If they want to increase output from the factory, they'll have to modernize.

France _______________ a great deal of wine for export. Red blood cells are _______________ in the bone marrow. PRODUCT She works for a company that _______________ (= makes for sale) electrical goods.I was wondering whether I could _______________ a meal out of what's left in the fridge. She's asked me to _______________ a report on the state of the project.

to make something or bring something into existence: France produces a great deal of wine for export. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. She works for a company that produces (= makes for sale) electrical goods. I was wondering whether I could produce a meal out of what's left in the fridge. She's asked me to produce a report on the state of the project.

repay

to pay back or to reward someone or something: He had to sell his car to repay the bank loan. She repaid the loan to her mother. [ + two objects ] She repaid her mother the loan. How can I ever repay you for all your kindness? Mehr Beispiele The loan must be repaid within a specified period. They've threatened to harm him if he doesn't repay the money. He said he'd repay the money the next day, and true to his word , he gave it all back to me the following morning. What are you able to provide as a surety that you will repay the loan?

dissuade

to persuade someone not to do something: I tried to dissuade her from leaving. Synonymdeter Oppositepersuade Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to persuade someone to do something persuadeIf she doesn't want to do it, nothing you say will persuade her. convinceThe lawyer convinced the jury of the man's innocence.

enact (beschliessen, erlassen)

to put something into action, especially to make something law: A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.

overreact

to react in an extreme, especially an angry or frightened, way: Try not to overreact to criticism.

overreact / overreacting

to react in an extreme, especially an angry or frightened, way: Try not to overreact to criticism.

inherit

to receive money, property, etc. from somebody when they die inherit something from somebody She inherited a fortune from her father. inherit (something) He will inherit the title on the death of his uncle. Does he know that she stands to inherit?

hearing

to receive or become conscious of a sound using your ears: She heard a noise outside. My grandfather is getting old and can't hear very well. You'll have to speak up, I can't hear you. [ + obj + -ing verb ] I heard/I could hear someone calling my name. [ + obj + infinitive without to ] At eight o'clock Jane heard him go out.

counteract

to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect: Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydratingeffects of hot weather.

paraphrase

to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer

admire

to respect somebody for what they have done or to respect their qualities admire somebody/something I really admire your enthusiasm. Her work was much admired by critics. You have to admire the way he handled the situation. Actually, I greatly admire and respect him.

erode (erodieren)

to rub or be rubbed away gradually: Wind and rain have eroded the statues into shapeless lumps of stone. The cliffs are eroding several feet a year.

insist

to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say: [ + (that) ] Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong. Please go first - I insist! She insisted on seeing her lawyer.

respond

to say or do something as a reaction to something that has been said or done: [ + speech ] To every question, he responded "I don't know." I asked her what the time was, but she didn't respond. He responded by marching off and slamming the door behind him. How did she respond to the news? [ + that ] When the tax office wrote to me demandingunpaid income tax, I responded that I had been working abroad since 1998. The police respond to emergencies (= arrive and are ready to deal with emergencies) in just a few minutes.

exclaim (ausrufen)

to say or shout something suddenly because of surprise, fear, pleasure, etc.: [ + speech ] "You can't leave now!" she exclaimed. [ + speech ] "Nonsense!" he exclaimed in disgust. She exclaimed in delight upon hearing the news. Mehr Beispiele "You can't do that!" she suddenly exclaimed. Someone in the audience was heard to exclaim, "He's a bit old to play Romeo!"

rephrase

to say or write something again in a different and usually clearer way: Could you rephrase your question, please? Synonymreword

institutionalise

to send someone, especially someone who is not able to live independently, to live in an institution (= a place such as a hospital) Issues in institutionalizing on-farm client-oriented research: a review of experiences from nine national agricultural research systems.From the Cambridge English Corpus Persons having limitation in these more basic functions may already be institutionalized and, therefore, be excluded from our study population.From the Cambridge English Corpus

express

to show a feeling, opinion, or fact: Her eyes expressed deep sadness. I would like to express my thanks for your kindness. Words can't express how happy I am. These figures are expressed as a percentage of the total.

implicate

to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened: Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?

indicate

to show, point, or make clear in another way: Exploratory investigations have indicated largeamounts of oil below the sea bed. [ + question word ] Please indicate which free giftyou would like to receive. [ + (that) ] She indicated to me (that) she didn't want me to say anything. More examples Please indicate which free gift you would like to receive. Our survey indicates that one in four childrenis bullied at school. "How tall is he next to you?" "Oh, about so big, " she said, indicating the level of her neck. Various studies indicate that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.

indication

to show, point, or make clear in another way: Exploratory investigations have indicated largeamounts of oil below the sea bed. [ + question word ] Please indicate which free giftyou would like to receive. [ + (that) ] She indicated to me (that) she didn't want me to say anything. More examples Please indicate which free gift you would like to receive. Our survey indicates that one in four childrenis bullied at school. "How tall is he next to you?" "Oh, about so big, " she said, indicating the level of her neck. Various studies indicate that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective. Her reply indicated a very full understandingof the current situation.

slip

to slide without intending to: She slipped on the ice. Careful you don't slip - there's water on the floor. The razor slipped while he was shaving and he cut himself. C2 [ I ]to move out of the correct position: Her hat had slipped over one eye. He could feel the rope slipping out of his grasp.

resolve

to solve or end a problem or difficulty: Have you resolved the problem of transport yet? The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. More examples The dispute over the song rights provedimpossible to resolve. A mediator has been called in to resolve the crisis. They had an awful row several years ago, but now they've resolved their differences. The president is predisposed towards negotiation and favours a peaceful way of resolving the crisis. I'm sure these problems can be satisfactorilyresolved.

prevent

to stop something from happening or someone from doing something: Label your suitcases to prevent confusion. [ + -ing verb ] His disability prevents him (from)driving.

You can _______________ the car by removing the spark plugs. MOBILE The broken limb must be _______________ as soon as possible. MOBILISATION

to stop something or someone from moving: You can immobilize the car by removing the spark plugs. The broken limb must be immobilized as soon as possible.

reworded

to write something again in different words: She reworded sensitive areas of the report so that it wouldn't be so controversial. Synonymrephrase

rewording

to write something again in different words: She reworded sensitive areas of the report so that it wouldn't be so controversial. Synonymrephrase

rewrite

to write something such as a book or speech again, in order to improve it or change it: If I could rewrite the script I would change one thing. For four months they wrote and rewrote the book by passing chapters back and forth. to change the way that something is described or done so that people think about it differently: People are going to try to rewrite history and say we didn't succeed. Look at how he's rewriting the rules of retailing.

upward(s)

towards a higher position, level, or value: She turned her face upwards to the sun. The cost of completion has been revised upwards again due to inflation. Gegensatzdownwards

favouritism

unfair support shown to one person or group, especially by someone in authority: A parent must be careful not to show favouritism towards any one of their children.

unimpressed

unimpressed (by/with somebody/something) not thinking that somebody/something is particularly good, interesting, etc.; not impressed by somebody/something

arguably

used when stating an opinion or belief that you think can be shown to be true: He is arguably the world's best football player. Arguably, the drug should not have been made available.

When aluminium foil touches another metal in the mouth, the metals become _________________ charged. ELECTRIC

using or involving electricity: an electrically powered car When aluminium foil touches another metal in the mouth, the metals become electrically charged.

parental

connected with a parent or parents parental responsibility/rights parental choice in education the parental home

sporting

connected with sportsa major sporting eventa range of sporting activitiesHis main sporting interests are golf and tennis. (North American English) a store selling sporting goods ​(especially British English) fair and generous in your treatment of other people, especially in a game or sportThe game was played in a very sporting spirit.

Many important ______________ documents were destroyed when the library was bombed. She specializes in ______________ novels set in 18th-century England.

connected with studying or representing things from the past: Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed. She specializes in historical novels set in 18th-century England.

qualitative

connected with what something is like or how good it is, rather than with how much of it there is qualitative analysis/research There are qualitative differences between the two products.

unprintable

containing offensive language and therefore not acceptable in printed form, for example in a newspaper: He was known for his incendiary remarks, most of them unprintable in a family newspaper.

habitable

providing conditions that are good enough to live in or on: A lot of improvements would have to be made before the building was habitable. Some areas of the country are just too cold to be habitable. Gegensatzuninhabitable

irreparably

impossible to repair or make right again: Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline.

unspoken

not spoken, although thought of or felt: unspoken doubts/fears There's an unspoken assumption in the department that Sue will take over the post when Dan leaves. Synonymeunsaidwordless

classifieds

officially secret and available only to particular people classified information/documents/material

suggestive

often used to describe something that makes people think about sex: Some of his lyrics are rather suggestive.

Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively _________________. ANTIQUE _________________ ideas/attitudes/values. _________________ laws/machinery/technology.

old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society: It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries. Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. antiquated ideas/attitudes/values antiquated laws/machinery/technology Synonymsantediluvian humorousarchaic

occurrence

something that happens: Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in this area of the city. Synonymeepisode (EVENT)eventhappeningincidentphenomenon (EXISTING THING) Mehr Beispiele Death was an everyday occurrence during the Civil War. It's still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes. There have been several occurrences of theft in the area recently.

addendum

something that has been added to a book, speech, or document Synonymsupplement

weight

the amount that something or someone weighs: What weight can this lorry safely carry? There was a slight decrease in his weight after a week of dieting. [ C ]a piece of metal of known heaviness that can be used to measure the heaviness of other objects

classwork

work that students do at school rather than at home When you have finished your classwork, you may read a book. Schools should ensure that classwork is challenging and demanding. Students do lessons and classwork online during a snow day.

valuable

worth a lot of money My home is my most valuable asset. She claims hospitals waste valuable resources by admitting patients days before surgery. valuable antiques Luckily, nothing valuable was stolen.

recurrence

the fact of happening again: The doctor told him to go to the hospital if there was a recurrence of his symptoms. Maintaining immune function after surgery may contribute to lower tumour recurrence rates. Synonymerepeat

residency (Wohnsitz)

the fact of living in a place: There is a residency requirement for obtaining citizenship.

persuasiveness

the quality of being able to make you want to do or believe a particular thing: His rage can diminish the persuasiveness of his argument. You have met this young woman and been impressed by her gentle strength and calmpersuasiveness.

hardness

the quality of being difficult to bend, cut, or break: These alloys are characterized by their extremehardness. Most international golf players own 40 or 50 different balls of varying hardness, weight, and bounciness.

mystification

the state of feeling very confused because someone or something is impossible to understand: And then, to the audience's mystification, the band suddenly stopped playing. Synonymebewildermentperplexity puzzlement formal

Any kind of long-term _____________ can lead to blood clots. MOBILITY the state of something that is not changing or is unable to change: These policies have created social _____________ and joblessness.

the state of someone or something that is not moving or not able to move: Any kind of long-term immobility can lead to blood clots. the state of something that is not changing or is unable to change: These policies have created social immobility and joblessness.

personality

the various aspects of a person's character that combine to make them different from other people His wife has a strong personality. My outgoing personality has definitely helped me succeed. He maintained order by sheer force of personality. normal human personality traits (= qualities), such as shyness Participants identified their own personality type and explored the implications. The characters' names reflect their personalities.

selfless

thinking more about the needs, happiness, etc. of other people than about your own a life of selfless service to the community

choose

to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available You choose—I can't decide. choose between A and/or B She had to choose between staying in the UK or going home. choose something Sarah chose her words carefully.

infrastructure

the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively: The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure. More examples It is a long-term task to rebuild the infrastructure of a war-torn country such as Angola. The industry was accused of having investedlittle in workers, plant or infrastructure. The minister is responsible for the country's transport infrastructure. More money is needed to maintain the city's infrastructure. Improvements are being made to the region's decrepit infrastructure.

materialism

the belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life: So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism?

There is a stark contrast between tradition and _________________. MODERN

the condition of being modern: There is a stark contrast between tradition and modernity.

reassessment

the consideration or assessment of something again, in the light of new or different factors. "publications will be subject to annual reassessment"

The court will determine the __________________________ of the police activity. REASON There was a sweet __________________________ in her voice.

the fact of being based on or using good judgment and therefore being fair and practical: The court will determine the reasonableness (Angemessenheit, Plausibilität) of the police activity. There was a sweet reasonableness in her voice.

enlargement

the fact of being enlarged: I am pleased to announce the enlargement of the History Department by three new teachers. [ C ]something, especially a photograph, that has been enlarged: I had an enlargement of my graduation photo done for my grandparents.

adequacy

the fact of being enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned. OPPOSITE inadequacy

usefulness

the fact of being useful or possible to use There are doubts about the usefulness of these tests. The building has outlived its usefulness.

awfulness

the fact of being very bad or unpleasant the sheer awfulness of the situation

selfishness

the fact of caring only about yourself rather than about other people He was the victim of his own greed and selfishness. OPPOSITE unselfishness, selflessness

classlessness

the fact of having no divisions into social classes ​the fact of not clearly belonging to a particular social class

perfectionism

the fact of liking to do things perfectly and not being satisfied with anything less Her perfectionism is evident at work and at home.

negligence

the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something: medical negligence

Most financial analysts have been surprised by the _________________ of the recession. PERSIST Her _________________ and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve its international success. Synonym tenacity

the fact that someone or something persists: Most financial analysts have been surprised by the persistence of the recession. Her persistence and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve its international success. Synonymtenacity

The workload was barely ______________, but the experience was priceless. Many patients with osteoarthritis need aspirin or another pain reliever to make life ______________.

the fact that something difficult, unpleasant, or painful is possibleto deal with : The workload was barely endurable, but the experience was priceless. Many patients with osteoarthritis need aspirin or another pain reliever to make life endurable.

acting

the job of performing in films or plays: He wants to get into acting.

assess

the method or possibility of getting near to a place or person: The only access to the village is by boat. The main access to (= entrance to) the building is at the side. The children's father was refused access to them at any time (= refused official permission to see them).

inheritance

the money, property, etc. that you receive from somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something when somebody dies She spent all her inheritance in a year. The title passes by inheritance to the eldest son. She came into (= received) her inheritance at eighteen.

He used his _________________ to get her the job. INFLUENTIAL He should not have driven the car while under the _________________ of alcohol.

the power to affect people, actions or events. He used his influence to get her the job. He should not have driven the car while under the influence of alcohol.

addition

the process of adding numbers or amounts together: Twice a week the children are tested in basic mathematical skills such as addition (= calculating the total of different numbers put together) and subtraction.

reworking

the process of changing a speech or a piece of writing in order to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose, or something that has been changed in this way: His latest book is a reworking of material from his previous short stories. Producing such a great story takes practice and continual reworking.

selection

the process of choosing somebody/something from a group of people or things, usually according to a system She took a long time to make her selection. The final team selection will be made tomorrow. the random selection of numbers selection criteria the selection process Artists are chosen by a selection committee. Jury selection in the cases is due to begin next week. her selection for the England squad his unexpected selection as party leader

Coke is used in the _______________ of steel. PRODUCT We watched a video showing the various stages in the __________________ of glass. The company's new model will be going into ______________ early next year.

the process of making or growing goods to be sold: Coke is used in the production of steel. We watched a video showing the various stages in the production of glass. The company's new model will be going into production early next year.

magnification

the process of making something look bigger than it is, for example by using a magnifying glass: Magnification of the leaf allows us to see it in detail. These binoculars have x10 magnification (= they magnify ten times).

A lot of ex-athletes need knee or hip _________________. PLACE After ankle _________________ surgery, the pain was gone.

the process of replacing something with something else: A lot of ex-athletes need knee or hip replacements. After ankle replacement surgery, the pain was gone.

The ________________ of changes in technology. RAPID They fell in love with astonishing ________________.

the quality of being fast or sudden: The rapidity of changes in technology They fell in love with astonishing rapidity.

unselfishness

the quality of giving more time or importance to other people's needs, wishes, etc. than to your own

Her _____________ landed her in prison. HONEST Mistakes and misunderstandings are a far more common cause of complaint than deliberate _____________.

the quality or an act of not being honest: Her dishonesty landed her in prison. Mistakes and misunderstandings are a far more common cause of complaint than deliberate dishonesty.

expressiveness

the state of showing what someone thinks or feels: The expressiveness of his eyes is remarkable. Her voice is remarkable for its purity and emotional expressiveness.

art

the use of the imagination to express ideas or feelings, particularly in painting, drawing or sculpture modern/contemporary art an art critic/historian/lover Can we call television art? stolen works of art Her performance displayed great art. American art It's a very beautiful piece of art.

highlight

to attract attention to or emphasize something important: The report highlights the need for improved safety. The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green. Synonymeemphasizeexaggerateforegroundoverplayoverstatespotlight Gegensätzedownplayminimizeunderstate

signify (bezeichnen)

to be a sign of something; to mean: Nobody really knows what the marks on the ancient stones signify. [ + that ] The number 30 on a road sign signifies that the speed limit is 30 miles an hour.

obsess

to completely fill your mind so that you cannot think of anything else, in a way that is not normal be obsessed by somebody/something He's obsessed by computers. be obsessed with somebody/something She's completely obsessed with him. obsess somebody The need to produce the most exciting newspaper story obsesses most journalists. ​[intransitive] obsess (about something) to be always talking or worrying about a particular thing, especially when this annoys other peopleI think you should try to stop obsessing about food.

mystify

to confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain: I was mystified by her decision. Most Americans are totally mystified by the English game of cricket.

She ______________ an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year. Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. GO

to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change: She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year. Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity.

Your rights and responsibilities are _______________ in the citizens' charter. DEFINE Your role in the project will be strictly _______________. I'd hate to feel that I was _______________ by my job.

to explain and describe the meaning and exact limits of something: Your rights and responsibilities are defined in the citizens' charter. Your role in the project will be strictly defined (= limited to particular areas). I'd hate to feel that I was defined by (= that my life got its meaning and importance only from) my job.

humanise

to make something more pleasant or suitable for people; to make something more humane These measures are intended to humanize the prison system.

rhythmically

with a regular pattern of sounds, movements or events They moved gracefully and rhythmically across the dance floor.

hereditary

(of a disease or characteristic)given to a child by its parents before it is born a hereditary disease/disorder hereditary physical traits, such as height and eye colour Epilepsy is hereditary in her family. It's a hereditary disorder that can cause abnormal growth. TOPICS IllnessC2

impressionable

(of a person, especially a young one)easily influenced or affected by somebody/something children at an impressionable age He is in a highly impressionable state. He was a bad influence on the child, who was at an impressionable age.

After the cup final, the ______________ team bussed back to the hotel parading the cup as they went. TRIUMPH

After the cup final, the triumphant team bussed back to the hotel parading the cup as they went.

Many roads were flooded and ________________ following the storm. PASS

An impassable road or path cannot be travelled on because of bad weather conditions or because it is blocked: Many roads were flooded and impassable following the storm. Synonymblocked

It was rapidly becoming _______________ that we would have to make changes to our plans. APPEAR

It was rapidly becoming apparent that we would have to make changes to our plans.

8. The criminal act of numerous factories dumping waste into the area's rivers has led to dangerously high ______________ levels. TOXIC

The criminal act of numerous factories dumping waste into the area's rivers has led to dangerously high (,Giftgehalt) levels.

race

a competition between people, animals, vehicles, etc. to see which one is the faster or fastest a boat/horse race a five-kilometre road race Who won the race? Shall we have a race to the end of the beach? She ran a good race to finish second. race between A and B a race between the two best runners of the club

debriefing

a meeting that takes place in order to get information about a particular piece of work that has been finished, for example about what was done successfully and what was not: debriefing sessions

admirer

a person who admires somebody/something, especially a well-known person or thing He is a great admirer of Picasso's early paintings.

A Hollywood/movie ______________.

a person who makes the practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film, play, or television or radio programme: A Hollywood/movie producer.

sympathiser

a person who supports or approves of somebody/something, especially a political cause or party communist sympathizers

predominance

a situation in which one person or group of people has more importance or power than others a predominance of sth a situation in which one type of person or thing within a set is the largest in number: There is a predominance of people with an artsdegree on the board of governors.

minority

a smaller number or part: It's only a tiny minority of people who are causing the problem. Children with single parents at my school were very much in the minority (= there were very few). This section of the bookstore caters for minority interests (= subjects that interest only a few people).

observatory

a special building with a telescope or other equipment that scientists use to watch the stars, the weather, etc.

rhythm

a strong regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements to dance to the rhythm of the music I listened to the steady rhythm of her breathing. music with a fast/slow/steady rhythm I love these jazz rhythms. abnormal heart rhythms in rhythm He can't seem to play in rhythm. in rhythm with something The boat rocked up and down in rhythm with the sea.

choice

an act of choosing between two or more possibilities; something that you can choose We are faced with a difficult choice. choice between A and B women forced to make a choice between family and career We aim to help students make more informed career choices. I am sure you have made the right choice. Resources are finite, and choices have to be made between competing priorities and needs. There is a wide range of choices open to you.

work

an activity, such as a job, that a person uses physical or mental effort to do, usually for money: I've got so much work to do. Carrying heavy loads around all day is hard work. What time do you start/finish work? Aileen does most of the work around the house. What sort of work are you experienced in? She tends to wear quite dressy clothes for work. Roger's work involves a lot of travelling.

payback

an advantage received from something, especially the profit from a financial investment: The payback for reorganization should be increased productivity.

overdraft

an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to owe to the bank, or the agreement that allows this: to run up/pay off an overdraft UK The bank offers overdraft facilities.

handful

an amount of something that can be held in one hand: He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket. More examples The coffee machine suddenly ejected a handful of coins. I use two handfuls of pasta per person. Add a large handful of chopped herbs.

editable

an editable text, document, etc. can be changed : The program lets you turn PDF files into editable text. The game is editable by players.

space

an empty area that is available to be used: Is there any space for my clothes in that cupboard? I need to make (some) space for Mark's things. When the roads are wet, you've got to leave plenty of space between you and the car in front. The blank space at the end of the form is for yourname. We found a parking space close to the museum.

prejudicial

an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictlyenforced. [ + that ] The campaign aims to dispel the prejudice that AIDS is confined to the homosexual community. He claims that prejudice against homosexualswould cease overnight if all the gay stars in the country were honest about their sexuality.

upper

at a higher position or level than something else, or being the top part of something: The office building's upper floors were being repainted. If the infection is not checked it will probably spread to the upper body. Gegensatzlower

misfortune

bad luck, or an unlucky event: [ + to infinitive ] That was the worst film I've ever had the misfortune to see. She suffered a good deal of misfortune over the years. It's unfair to take advantage of other people's misfortunes.

After his shocking ______________, Nigel managed to find a new job and get his finances back in order. BANKRUPT

bankruptcy After his shocking bankruptcy, Nigel managed to find a new job and get his finances back in order.

The __________________ of Christmas shopping. INSANE

behavior or a situation that seems crazy or unreasonable folie [feminine]. The insanity of Christmas shopping

classify

classify something (+ adv./prep.) to arrange something in groups according to features that they have in common The books in the library are classified according to subject. Patients are classified into three categories. All rural settlements were classified according to their size. people classified by ethnic group These can be classified under five headings.

extensive

covering a large area; having a great range: a school with extensive grounds extensive repairs to the motorway Her knowledge of music is extensive (= she knows a lot about music). The wedding received extensive coverage in the newspapers (= it was written about a lot).

declassify

declassify something to state officially that secret government information is no longer secret declassified information/documents

envious

envious (of somebody/something)wanting to be in the same situation as somebody else; wanting something that somebody else has Everyone is so envious of her. They were envious of his success. He saw the envious look in the other boy's eyes. RELATED NOUN envy

stimulating

full of interesting or exciting ideas; making people feel enthusiasticSYNONYM inspiring Thank you for a most stimulating discussion. She was a very stimulating teacher who got the best out of her students. The programme contains some creative and visually stimulating material. The college offers a challenging and stimulating environment in which to study. She enjoyed the course, which she found very stimulating.

I've had ______________ problems with this car ever since I bought it. CONTINUE I'm sorry - I can't work with these ______________ interruptions.

happening repeatedly, usually in an annoying or not convenientway: I've had continual problems with this car ever since I bought it. I'm sorry - I can't work with these continual interruptions.

Computer skills make you far more _________________. EMPLOY

having enough skills and abilities for someone to employ you: Computer skills make you far more employable.

worthless

having no practical or financial value Critics say his paintings are worthless.

artistically

in a way that is connected with art or artists The film was both commercially and artistically successful.

implicitly

in a way that is suggested but not communicated directly: Value tends to be implicitly communicated through packaging. The people they are implicitly criticizing constitute the most responsible section of society.

suggestively

in a way that makes people think about sex: The comedian grinned suggestively at the audience. He winked suggestively.

Be _________________ - don't give up. PERSIST He has been a _________________ critic of the president. She is a _________________ offender and has been arrested five times this year for shoplifting.

lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of: a persistent smell/skin rash Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry cough. There have been persistent rumours that the principal might take early retirement. C2Someone who is persistent continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way: Be persistent - don't give up. He has been a persistent critic of the president. She is a persistent offender and has been arrested five times this year for shoplifting.

arty

making a strong display of being very artistic or interested in the arts She hangs out with the arty types she met at drama school. Why do you pretend you like those boring, arty films?

terrifying

making somebody feel extremely frightened It was a terrifying experience.

motivational

making somebody want to do something, especially something that involves hard work and effort an important motivational factor a motivational speaker/speech

materialistic

materialistic adjective US /məˌtɪr·i·əˈlɪs·tɪk/ I was a materialistic person, very career-oriented, with a large ego.

For the last ten years of his life he was clinically insane. SANITY I sometimes think I'm going insane.

mentally ill: For the last ten years of his life he was clinically insane. informal I sometimes think I'm going insane (= I feelvery confused).

It was ___________________ not to call and say you'd be late. THOUGHT She's not intentionally unkind - she's just a little ___________________ sometimes.

not considering how your actions or words may upset someone: It was thoughtless not to call and say you'd be late. She's not intentionally unkind - she's just a little thoughtless sometimes.

ideally

perfectly; in the most suitable way She's ideally suited for this job. ​in an imagined way; in a way that is not likely to happen or be realIdeally, I'd like to live in New York, but that's not possible.

The _________________ formed residents' association. NEW _________________ discovered documents cast doubt on the guilt of the two men.

recently: The newly formed residents' association Newly discovered documents cast doubt on the guilt of the two men.

institutional

relating to an institution: The hospital provides typically awful institutional food. More examples The report made it plain that institutional racism is deep-rooted in this country. The walls are painted a dull, institutional grey. The report blamed the incident on institutional failures within the school. The group is calling for institutional reforms. The service is aimed at institutional users.

transactional

relating to buying and selling: You can download all your transactional informationon your credit cards and bank account. transactional charges/costs/fees Customers must be made aware of the transactional chargesassociated with their purchases.

aecologicl

relating to ecology or the environment: The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological disaster. Mehr Beispiele The ecological effects of the factory need to be balanced against the employment it generates. The ecological consequences of a nuclear war are incalculable. High petrol taxes can be defended on ecological grounds. They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.

_________________ architecture tries to conquer nature instead of working with it. MODERN The design of the new library has been acclaimed by _________________. MODERN

relating to or a member of the modern art movement: Modernist architecture tries to conquer nature instead of working with it. The design of the new library has been acclaimed by modernists.

restfully

restfully

hardy

strong enough to bear extreme conditions or difficult situations: A few hardy souls continue to swim in the seaeven in the middle of winter. Hardy plants can live through the winterwithout protection from the weather: a hardy perennial

surrounding

that is everywhere around something: A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come in from the surrounding countryside. The shop draws customers from many surrounding areas.

indestructible

that is very strong and cannot easily be destroyed plastic containers that are virtually indestructible an indestructible bond of friendship Their shells are so hard they are virtually indestructible.

restful

that makes you feel relaxed and peacefulSYNONYM calm a hotel with a restful atmosphere I find this music very restful.

available

that you can get, buy or find available resources/data Most available evidence suggests that home-schooled children are getting a good education. Further details are available on request. We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. We have plenty of office space available. The document is now commercially available in electronic form.

There was a delay in the _________________ of passport applications. PROCESS The _________________ of claims will begin later this year.

the act of dealing with documents or people in an official way: There was a delay in the processing of passport applications. The processing of claims will begin later this year.

typesetting (Satz)

the activity of arranging printed text and images on the page when preparing a book, newspaper, etc. for printing: The pages are ready for typesetting. computer typesetting applications

phrasing

the choice of words used to express something: The phrasing of the contract is ambiguous.

conservation

(a) talk between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings, and ideas are expressed, questions are asked and answered, or news and information is exchanged: She had a strange conversation with the man who moved in upstairs. It's impossible to hold/carry on a conversation with all this noise going on! I struck up (= started) an interesting conversation with your uncle. Because of television, many people have lost the art of conversation (= talking to each other). Whenever I'm in a social situation with my boss, we seem to run out of conversation (= things to say to each other) after two minutes!

Do the following for practice. Make sure you check the following:

- do you need to make the word PLURAL? - is a PREFIX needed? - does any PREFIX need to be NEGATIVE?

approve

- disapprove - disapproval - approval - approved - disapproved - approving - approvingly - disapproving - disapprovingly

act (part III)

- transaction - activist - activism - interaction - reaction - overreaction - overacting - reactionary - reactor - transactional - active - hyperactive - radioactive - overactive - active - actively - inactive - inactively

suggestible

A suggestible person is easily influenced by other people's opinions: The success of advertising proves that we are all highly suggestible.

After climbing all day, we were rewarded with a _____________ view at the top. BREATH

After climbing all day, we were rewarded with a breathtaking view at the top.

After getting a heart __________ last November, Mike felt like a new man. PLANT

After getting a heart transplant last November, Mike felt like a new man.

Tony is a really _______________ person. OPINION

An opinionated person is certain about their beliefs, and expresses their ideas strongly and often: He was opinionated and selfish, but undeniably clever. Tony is a really opinionated person. Having strong opinions that you feel free to express: She's seven years old and she's already pretty opinionated. This is a constantly fascinating book, not always an easy book, but invariably an opinionated book. A person 'with attitude' is opinionated in a way that is unselfconscious.

To be honest, I think the plan is completely ___________________. WORK

An unworkable plan is not practical or cannot really be done successfully: To be honest, I think the plan is completely unworkable.

__________________, without the expressive capabilities of such "body language" we would have been _____________ less successful as a species. ARGUE / FINITE

Arguably, without the expressive capabilities of such "body language" we would have been infinitely less successful as a species.

8. As he was walking home late last night, Mr. Jones saw a strange _____________ shape in the sky and rang the police immediately. SPHERE

As he was walking home late last night, Mr. Jones saw a strange spherical shape (kugelförmige) in the sky and rang the police immediately.

___________ this is true, what was the price? ASSUME Donnie won the first game with "cant" which Dean questioned, unsuccessfully, ___________ the boy meant the more common version, "can't," which was unacceptable. ASSUME

Assuming this is true, what was the price? Donnie won the first game with "cant" which Dean questioned, unsuccessfully, assuming the boy meant the more common version, "can't," which was unacceptable.

By ______________ their physical appearance our ancestors distanced themselves from the rest of the animal kingdom. CUSTOM

By customizing their physical appearance our ancestors distanced themselves from the rest of the animal kingdom.

Caffeine may improve _____________ in the short term, but it has other negative effects too. ALERT

Caffeine may improve alertness (Aufmerksamkeit) in the short term, but it has other negative effects too.

There's no doubting her ____________. ABLE She had the ____________ to explain things clearly and concisely. She's a woman of considerable ____________.

Freedom from that ugly feeling gave her the ability to speak of it lightly for the first time. There's no doubting her ability. [ + to infinitive ] She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely. She's a woman of considerable abilities. I have children in my class of very mixed abilities (= different levels of skill or intelligence). a mixed-ability class.

3. Hard drugs have had a very ______________ effect on this community. DESTROY

Hard drugs have had a very destructive effect on this community.

7. Harry should have checked the ___________ of the swimming pool before allowing his children in. There could have been an accident. DEEP

Harry should have checked the depth of the swimming pool before allowing his children in. There could have been an accident.

When we receive your instructions we will act _______________. ACCORD She's an expert in her field, and is paid _______________. ACCORD Surveys suggest that these shows are not what most people want to watch. _______________ (= Therefore), one network is now scheduling a made-for-TV movie every Sunday night. ACCORD

In a way that is suitable or right for the situation: When we receive your instructions we will act accordingly. She's an expert in her field, and is paid accordingly. Surveys suggest that these shows are not what most people want to watch. Accordingly (= Therefore), one network is now scheduling a made-for-TV movie every Sunday night.

5. Is this mark on my skirt _____________ or not? I should more careful drinking coffee! NOTICE

Is this mark on my skirt noticeable (beobachtbar) or not? I should more careful drinking coffee! NOTICE

__________________________ food has had some sort of chemical or industrial treatment in order to cook it, preserve it, or improve its taste or appearance: PROCESS __________________________ cheese/meat. highly __________________________ convenience foods

Processed food has had some sort of chemical or industrial treatment in order to cook it, preserve it, or improve its taste or appearance: processed cheese/meat highly processed convenience foods

If an official document is _________________, its use can be continued for an extra period of time: NEW A _________________ passport/contract.

Renewable forms of energy can be produced as quickly as they are used: renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. If an official document is renewable, its use can be continued for an extra period of time: a renewable passport/contract

5. Reports on the invasion are still very unclear, as are the ____________ of what this will prompt the government to do. IMPLY

Reports on the invasion are still very unclear, as are the implications of what this will prompt the government to do.

____________ brought the Plague to Europe from Asia. SAIL

Sailors brought the Plague to Europe from Asia.

Scientists now understand how much nutritional _____________ there is in a coconut. GOOD

Scientists now understand how much nutritional goodness (Güte) there is in a coconut.

8. So many asteroids finish their days by crashing into Jupiter due to its huge ______________ pull. GRAVITY

So many asteroids finish their days by crashing into Jupiter due to its huge gravitational pull.

hyperactive

Someone who is hyperactive has more energythan is normal, gets excited easily, and cannot stay still or think about work: Hyperactive children often have poor concentrationand require very little sleep.

Thanks to _____________ costs, everyone is expected to agree to a pay freeze for this year. BALLOON

Thanks to ballooning costs, everyone is expected to agree to a pay freeze for this year.

1. That sign on the truck means that it is carrying _____________ materials. EXPLODE

That sign on the truck means that it is carrying explosive materials.

6. That was a very ______________ meal: very tasty and filling! SATISFY

That was a very satisfying meal: very tasty and filling!

The animal _____________ really fascinates my young daughter. KING

The animal kingdom really fascinates my young daughter.

4. The boy was punished for an ______________ to apologise to the two boys. WILLING

The boy was punished for an unwillingness to apologise to the two boys.

The broken vase turned out to be totally ___________________. REPLACE

The broken vase turned out to be totally irreplaceable.

shelving

The carpenter put up some shelving in the living room.

6. The child's inability to hear his mother calling was blamed on a slight hearing disability which was eventually solved using a _______________ new technique from Norway. REVOLUTION

The child's inability to hear his mother calling was blamed on a slight hearing disability which was eventually solved using a revolutionary new technique from Norway.

8. The final vote was 128 for, 173 against with 21 ______________. The government has been humiliated by this defeat. ABSTAIN

The final vote was 128 for, 173 against with 21 abstentions (Enthaltungen). The government has been humiliated by this defeat.

The problem is that the industry is ________ regulated. EFFECT He said law courts are functioning ________ in every part of the country. EFFECT Over the years, diabetes was treated fairly ________ with opium, bleeding and starvation diets. EFFECT

The problem is that the industry is ineffectively regulated. He said law courts are functioning ineffectively in every part of the country. Over the years, diabetes was treated fairly ineffectively with opium, bleeding and starvation diets.

8. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are in reality moving _____________________. PERCEIVE

The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are in reality moving imperceptibly (unfühlbar).

4. The singer gave an _____________ performance and the audience gave him a standing ovation for more than five minutes. ORDINARY

The singer gave an extraordinary performance and the audience gave him a standing ovation for more than five minutes.

1. The survey showed many young offenders had had difficult _____________. BRING

The survey showed many young offenders had had difficult upbringing (Erziehung).

1. The ________________ of any manned mission to the planets will be increased if a secure fuel supply can be found beforehand. SURVIVAL

The survivability of any manned mission to the planets will be increased if a secure fuel supply can be found beforehand.

The teacher was furious that Emma had again turned in __________ work. STANDARD

The teacher was furious that Emma had again turned in substandard (minderwertig) work.

The team coach pulled Jones off at halftime seeing as he was utterly failing to keep to his _____________ position. DESIGN

The team coach pulled Jones off at halftime seeing as he was utterly failing to keep to his designated (vorgesehene) position.

There is a real need to raise consciousness about the influence of the media on our lives. Many of us are still largely ______________ of the influence of the media on our lives and this needs to change. CONSCIOUS

There is a real need to raise consciousness about the influence of the media on our lives. Many of us are still largely unconscious of the influence of the media on our lives and this needs to change.

There's not enough ______________ between the management and the workers. ACT Language games are usually intended to encourage student ______________. ACT The play follows the ______________ of three very different characters. ACT

There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction. The play follows the interactions of three very different characters.

He was shot dead earlier this year in _____________________ circumstances. EXPLAIN

Unexplained events, behaviour, etc. are ones for which people do not know or understand the reason: an unexplained death/noise. He was shot dead earlier this year in unexplained circumstances.

When Edward VIII abdicated in 1936, his __________ was his brother, George VI. SUCCESS

When Edward VIII abdicated in 1936, his successor was his brother, George VI.

erupt (ausbrechen)

When a volcano erupts, it explodes and flames and rocks come out of it: Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes. Mehr Beispiele Inner-city riots erupted when a local man was shot by police. Violence erupted in the city on Friday night. A big diplomatic row erupted as a result. Spontaneous demonstrations erupt almost daily. A legal fight has erupted between two of the world's largest oil companies. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Möchten Sie mehr lernen? Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge.Learn the words you need to communicate with confidence. erupt verb [I] (START SUDDENLY) to start suddenly and violently: At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the inner cities. to suddenly express your feelings in a noisy way: The crowd erupted in applause and cheering. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples If spots erupt on your skin, they suddenly appear: Two days after he'd been exposed to the substance, a painful rash erupted on his neck. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Verwandtes Wort eruption (Definition von erupt aus dem Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press) erupt | AMERIKANISCHES WÖRTERBUCH erupt verb [ I ] US /ɪˈrʌpt/ to burst out suddenly or explode: The crowd erupted in cheers. The building erupted in flames when the plane struck it. EARTH SCIENCEIf a volcano (= type of mountain) erupts, it begins to throw out hot rocks and burning substances. eruption noun [ C ] US /ɪˈrʌp·ʃən/ (Definition von erupt aus dem Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press) BEISPIELE of erupt erupt The political context in which this commercial outcry erupted contributed greatly to its success.From the Cambridge English Corpus Two years later a rash of race riots unseen since the ' red summer ' of 1919 erupted around the country.From the Cambridge English Corpus Die Meinungen in den Beispielen repräsentieren nicht die Meinungen von den Redakteueren der Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge University Press oder Ihren Lizenzgeber. Mehr Beispiele Übersetzungen von erupt auf Deutsch ausbrechen... Weitere ansehen Brauchen Sie einen Übersetzer? Holen Sie sich eine schnelle, kostenlose Übersetzung! Übersetzerwerkzeug Was ist die Aussprache von erupt? Durchsuchen Erse erstwhile erudite erudition erupt erupted erupting eruption eruptive BETA Testen Sie Ihren Wortschatz mit unseren lustigen Bild-Quiz. Image credits Jetzt einen Quiz ausprobieren DAS WORT DES TAGES hopscotch a game played by children, who throw a stone onto a set of joined squares drawn on the ground and jump on one leg and then on two legs into each square to get the stone Informationen BLOG You could hear a pin drop: more interesting ways of saying 'quiet' November 11, 2020 Mehr lesen NEUE WÖRTER As men are now being encouraged to talk more and be more open with our feelings, there seems to be November 09, 2020 Mehr neue Wörter Nach Oben Holen Sie sich unsere kostenlosen Widgets Fügen Sie die Leistungsfähigkeit von Cambridge Dictionary Ihrer Website hinzu - mit unseren kostenlosen Suchfeld Widgets. Wörterbuch Apps Nutzen Sie unsere Wörterbuch Apps - Ihnen werden nie wieder die Worte fehlen! LERNEN Neue Wörter Hilfe Im Druck ENTWICKELN Wörterbuch API Doppelklick-Suche Widgets durchsuchen Lizenzdaten ÜBER Zugänglichkeit Cambridge English Cambridge University Press Cookies und Datenschutz Korpus Nutzungsbedingungen © Cambridge University Press 2014

1. Why don't you demand a bigger say in the running of the company? Your ______________ acceptance of every decision is doubtlessly harming the health of the business. QUESTION

Why don't you demand a bigger say in the running of the company? Your unquestioning (bedingungslos) acceptance of every decision is doubtlessly harming the health of the business.

4. You can't help but disbelieve the government when different ministers are giving out ____________________ statements about policy. CONTRADICT

You can't help but disbelieve the government when different ministers are giving out contradictory statements about policy.

Your uncle seems a very _____________ man when it comes to talking about the sea. KNOWLEDGE

Your uncle seems a very knowledgeable man when it comes to talking about the sea.

The survey asks workers about facilities in their _____________. WORK Safety standards in the _____________.

a building or room where people perform their jobs, or these places generally: The survey asks workers about facilities in their workplace. Safety standards in the workplace.

The French __________________________ changed France from a monarchy to a republic. REVOLUT The country seems to be heading towards __________________________.

a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war: The French Revolution changed France from a monarchy to a republic. The country seems to be heading towards revolution.

argument

a disagreement, or the process of disagreeing: The children had an argument about/over what game to play. He got into an argument with Jeff in the pub last night. A decision was finally made after some heatedargument.

payout

a list of the people employed by a company showing how much each one earns: a payroll tax The company is growing fast, adding another 100 employees to its payroll over the last year. [ C usually singular ]the total amount of money paid to the people employed by a particular company: With debts of $4 million and a monthly payroll of $1.2 million, the venture is clearly heading for trouble.

shelf

a long, flat board fixed horizontally, usually against a wall or inside a cupboard so that objects can be stored on it: a glass shelf on the top/bottom shelf One wall had shelves from floor to ceiling, crammed with books. Siehe auchbookshelf

parent

a person's father or mother He's still living with his parents. Sue and Ben have recently become parents. It can be difficult to be a good parent. her adoptive parents (= who have legally adopted her as their child) It's not easy being a foster parent (= who looks after a child for a period of time without legally adopting him/her) to these children.

writing(s)

a person's style of writing with a pen on paper that can be recognized as their own: Do you recognize the writing on the envelope? A2 [ U ]something that has been written or printed: She complained that the writing was too small to read.

typesetter (Schriftsetzer)

a person, company, or machine that typesets books, newspapers, etc.: Errors by proofreaders and typesetters had leaked into some texts.

matchbook

a piece of folded card containing matches and a surface to light them on

permissiveness

a situation in which behaviour that some people might disapprove of is allowed: She attributed the social and economic problemsof the 1980s to the permissiveness of the 1960s. He remembers his youth as being an era of sexual permissiveness.

motivator

a thing or person that makes somebody want to do something, especially something that involves hard work and effort Desire for status can be a powerful motivator. Kerry is a natural leader and motivator.

goody/goodie

a thing that is very nice to eata basket of goodies for the children ​anything that is attractive and that people want to haveWe're giving away lots of free goodies—T-shirts, hats and posters!

object

a thing that you can see or touch but that is not usually a living animal, plant, or person: a solid/material/physical object a collection of precious objects Several people reported seeing a strange object in the sky. Mehr Beispiele A new baby will automatically curl its fingers round any object it touches. Look, there's a strange object in the sky! Make sure you bend your knees when you're picking up heavy objects. Boxwood is used for making small carved objects and tool handles. I like objects to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

typescript (Typoskript)

a typed copy of a piece of writing such as a book

extent

area or length; amount: From the top of the Empire State Building, you can see the full extent of Manhattan (= the area it covers). We don't yet know the extent of his injuries (= how bad his injuries are). Rosie's teacher was impressed by the extent of her knowledge (= how much she knew). The River Nile is over 6,500 6,5000 kilometres in extent (= length).

5. Anthony is a quiet, _____________ type. You will always find him reading or studying something. BOOK

bookish Anthony is a quiet, bookish (belesen) type. You will always find him reading or studying something.

housing

buildings for people to live in: There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region. Mehr Beispiele The city is building new housing for the elderly. There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region. My main concern about moving to London is the cost of housing. There's very little moderately priced housing in this area. They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless.

artistic

connected with art or artists the artistic works of the period a work of great artistic merit an artistic temperament (= behaviour thought to be typical of artists, musicians, etc.) Love is a time-honoured subject of literary and artistic expression.

There's been a ________________ decline in the standard of living over the past few years. PROGRESS A ________________ disease.

developing or happening gradually: There's been a progressive decline in the standard of living over the past few years. A progressive disease.

underhand (unter der Hand; hinterhältig, heimlich)

done secretly, and sometimes dishonestly, in order to achieve an advantage: What really angered her was the dirty, underhand way they had tricked her.

recurrent

happening again many times: The patient has a two-month history of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. The 'what ifs' of history is a recurrent theme in her writing. Synonymeperennialrepeated

The change in the exchange rate provided a __________ boost to the company's falling profits. TIME

happening at the best possible moment: a timely reminder The change in the exchange rate provided a timely boost to the company's falling profits. Synonymwell timed

aggressively

in an angry and violent way: Small children often behave aggressively. Many drivers behave aggressively on the road at some point. in a determined and forceful way in order to achieve success or win: They played more aggressively in the second half. The company is aggressively pursuing new business opportunities. MEDICAL specializedin a way that develops very quickly: His prostate cancer had grown aggressively beyond the prostate and surrounding tissue. In recent years, the disease has aggressively attacked her voice and memory.

lengthwise

in the direction of the longest side: Cut the pickles lengthwise.

considerably

large or of noticeable importance: The fire caused considerable damage to the church. Gegensatzinconsiderable

substance

material with particular physical characteristics: an organic/chemical substance What sort of substance could withstand those temperatures? illegal substance formal an illegal drug More examples a natural substance This substance is so radioactive that it glows in the dark. This substance stretches to any shape you want.

hardly

only just; almost not: I could hardly hear her at the back. The party had hardly started when she left. He hardly ate anything/He ate hardly anything. We hardly ever (= almost never) go to concerts. Hardly had a moment passed before the doorcreaked open. More examples It's so airless in here - I can hardly breathe. Hardly anyone turned up for the party. The instructions are printed so small I can hardly read them. "Where's Mikey?" "How should I know? He's hardly ever in the office these days." I hardly watch any television, apart from news and current affairs.

chose

past tense of "choose"

reparation

payment for harm or damage: The company had to make reparation to those who suffered ill health as a result of chemical pollution. reparations [ plural ] HISTORY specialized payments made by a defeated nation after a war to pay for damages or expenses it caused to another nation

content

pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement: He seems fairly content with (his) life. [ + to infinitive ] They're content to socialize with a very small circle of people. More examples I was just content to see my daughter in such a stable relationship but a grandchild, that really was the icing on the cake. I'd be content with a modest income. He's quite content living on his own. I'm content to sit at the back. They were content with second hand clothes.

separable

separable (from something) that can be separated from something, or considered separately The moral question is not entirely separable from the financial one. Good and evil are not always easily separable categories. The influences of home and school are not easily separable. The two things were never identical, but never separable from each other.

conceptualise He argued that morality could be ____________________ as a series of principles based on human reason. CONCEPT

tHe argued that morality could be conceptualized (= thought about) as a series of principles based on human reason.

talkative

talking a lot: She's a lively, talkative person. Synonymechatty informalexpansive (TALKING) formalgarrulouslong-windedloquacious formalprolix formal disapprovingverbose formal disapprovingvoluble formalwordy disapproving

erosion

the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind: the fact of a good quality or situation being gradually lost or destroyed: The survey reveals a gradual erosion of the president's popularity and support.

majority

the larger number or part of something: The majority of the employees have university degrees. A large majority of people approve of the death sentence. In Britain women are in the/a majority. Vergleichenminority (SMALL PART) [ C ]in an election, the difference in the number of votes between the winning person or group and the one that comes second: The Democratic candidate won by a narrow/large majority.

parenting

the process of caring for your child or children good/poor parenting parenting skills SEE ALSO co-parenting

terrorism

the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to force a government to act an act of terrorism the fight against terrorism The government has sworn to do everything in its power to combat terrorism.

manufactrure

to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines: He works for a company that manufactures car parts. The report notes a rapid decline in manufactured goods. Synonymefabricate especially USmake (PRODUCE) Vergleichenproduce verb (MAKE)

Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is _________________. PLACE No one's _________________ in the workplace.

too special, unusual, or valuable to replace with something or someone else: Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is irreplaceable. No one's irreplaceable in the workplace.

They will __________________ protest, but there's nothing they can do. DOUBT __________________ you have heard the news already.

used to mean that you are certain that something will happen or is true: They will doubtless protest, but there's nothing they can do. Doubtless you have heard the news already.

unfortunately

used to say that something is sad, disappointing, or has a bad effect: Unfortunately, I didn't have my credit card with me, or else I would have bought it.

awful

very bad or unpleasant That's an awful colour. 'They didn't even offer to pay.' 'Oh that's awful.' I feel awful about forgetting her birthday. to look/feel awful (= to look/feel ill) There's an awful smell in here. The awful thing is, it was my fault. It sounds awful to say it, but the war was exciting.

An _________________ performance. ELECTRIC

very exciting: An electrifying performance

terrible

very unpleasant; making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightened a terrible experience What terrible news! I've just had a terrible thought. It was a terrible thing to happen to someone so young. That's a terrible thing to say! It smells terrible in here. It must have been terrible to witness the accident.

His stubborn ______________ is unacceptable. FLEXIBLE The ______________ of educational systems makes it difficult to changeschools or universities in mid-year.

(especially of opinions and rules) the quality of being fixed and unable or unwilling to change: His stubborn inflexibility is unacceptable. The inflexibility of educational systems makes it difficult to changeschools or universities in mid-year.

highbrow

(of books, plays, etc.) involving serious and complicated or artistic ideas, or (of people) interested in serious and complicated subjects Vergleichenlowbrow mainly disapprovingmiddlebrow adjective mainly disapproving

matching

(of clothing, material, objects, etc.) having the same colour, pattern, style, etc. and therefore looking attractive together The two sisters wore matching outfits. a blue silk dress with a matching blue hat a pine table with four matching chairs

folding (Faltung)

A folding chair, bed, bicycle, etc. can be foldedinto a smaller size to make it easier to store or carry. A folding door is made of several parts joinedtogether that can be folded against each other when the door is opened.

inheritable

(of a feature or disease) capable of being passed from a parent to a child in the genes inheritable characteristics

_________________ for jobs is intense. COMPETE There's a lot of _________________ between computer companies. The two companies are in _________________ with each other. There's fierce _________________ to get into that school. Foreign _________________ reduced their sales. Why are you jealous of her? She's no _________________!

a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else: Competition for jobs is intense. There's a lot of competition between computer companies. The two companies are in competition with each other. [ + to infinitive ] There's fierce competition to get into that school. Foreign competition (= similar products from other countries) had reduced their sales. Why are you jealous of her? She's no competition!

expressionism

a style of art, music, or writing, found especially in the 1900s, that expresses extreme feelings

additive

a substance that is added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance or to keep it fresh and stop it from decaying: food additives This margarine is full of additives - just look at the label!

humanism

a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs. It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of humans is good.

I spent a hot, _____________ night due to the humidity and went to work exhausted. SLEEP

I spent a hot, sleepless night due to the humidity and went to work exhausted.

The policy is intended to give consumers more access to __________________________ priced electricity. COMPETE One of the key reasons that they will lose customers is because their products are not priced __________________________. She started playing __________________________ eight years ago. It is necessary to take steps to ensure that the economy behaves __________________________.

If goods, services, etc. are priced competitively, their price is as good as or better than other goods, services, etc.: The policy is intended to give consumers more access to competitively priced electricity. One of the key reasons that they will lose customers is because their products are not priced competitively. in a way that involves competition: She started playing competitively eight years ago. It is necessary to take steps to ensure that the economy behaves competitively.

destabilising

If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing: He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now stabilized. [ T ]If you stabilize something, you cause it to become fixed or to stop changing: In China, the policy of one child per family was introduced to stabilize the country's population at 1.6 billion.

stabilising

If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing: He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now stabilized. [ T ]If you stabilize something, you cause it to become fixed or to stop changing: In China, the policy of one child per family was introduced to stabilize the country's population at 1.6 billion.

printable

If something that is said is not printable, it is too rude or offensive to be included in a newspaper or magazine: He let out a torrent of abuse, none of it printable in a respectable daily newspaper.

We want to make sure they are not allowed to employ __________________________ practices when they are bidding against us. COMPETE He was irritated for years by the bank's __________________________ rates of interest.

Meaning of uncompetitive in English uncompetitive adjective UK /ˌʌnkəmˈpetətɪv/ US not involving or encouraging competition: We want to make sure they are not allowed to employ uncompetitive practices when they are bidding against us. He was irritated for years by the bank's uncompetitive rates of interest.

__________________________ of skills is one of the biggest concerns among recent graduates. EMPLOY

Meaning of underemployment in English underemployment noun [ C ] UK /ˌʌndərɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ US a situation in which someone or something is not used as much as they should be: Underemployment of skills is one of the biggest concerns among recent graduates.

3. Most of the activities we did on the course were ________________ and irrelevant. I think it is very wasteful to spend money on these things. MEAN

Most of the activities we did on the course were meaningless and irrelevant. I think it is very wasteful to spend money on these things.

interactive

An interactive system or computer program is designed to involve the user in the exchange of information: an interactive game/video This is an interactive museum where children can actively manipulate the exhibits. C1involving communication between people: interactive teaching methods More examples Many educational and instructional programsare interactive. The museum has many interactive exhibits. Teachers often supplement class discussionswith interactive software. The museum has an interactive computernetwork that explains basic scientific themes.

_______________ to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment. ACCORD _______________ to our records you owe us $130. ACCORD _______________ to the newspapers, records, etc. ACCORD _______________ to reports, the ceasefire is holding. ACCORD

As stated by: According to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment. - According to our records you owe us $130. - According to the newspapers, records, etc. - According to reports, the ceasefire is holding. As stated by/in As stated by medical experts, these products are totally safe when used correctly. as maintained by There is no reason to change your diet, as maintained by some lifestyle experts. as claimed by So-called superfoods will not make you live longer, as claimed by some advertising.

She has a __________________ of people as being basically good. CONCEPT I thought the book's writing was dreadful, and its __________________ even worse. He has absolutely no __________________ of how a successful business should run.

She has a conception of people as being basically good. I thought the book's writing was dreadful, and itsconception (= the ideas on which it was based) even worse. He has absolutely no conception of how a successful business should run.

It was this passion for fast cars that led to his ________________ death at the age of 43. TIME

Something bad that is untimely happens unexpectedly early or at a time that is not suitable: It was this passion for fast cars that led to his untimely death at the age of 43. Synonymill-timed

The city has a __________ quality as if it had existed forever. TIME

Something that is timeless does not change as the years go past: The city has a timeless quality as if it had existed forever.

The hotel offers a ____________ view of the sea. SPECTACLE

The hotel offers a spectacular view of the sea.

The ____________ creature has not been sighted for over a week. MYSTERY

The mysterious creature has not been sighted for over a week.

6. The next time you are in a dark place in the countryside at night, look up at the night sky and wonder at the _______________ stars set out in the heavens before you. NUMBER

The next time you are in a dark place in the countryside at night, look up at the night sky and wonder at the innumerable stars set out in the heavens before you.

The rate _____________ of company failures is having a disastrous effect on unemployment. QUICK

The quickening (Beschleuningsrate) rate of company failures is having a disastrous effect on unemployment.

6. This plane is also fitted with the latest ground _____________ radar and a totally computerised take-off and landing system. AVOID

This plane is also fitted with the latest ground avoidance radar and a totally computerised take-off and landing system.

_______________ as I am to speaking in public, I'll make this as short as possible. CUSTOM

Unaccustomed (ungewohnt) as I am to speaking in public, I'll make this as short as possible.

disillusionment (Ernüchterung)

a feeling of being disappointed and unhappybecause of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected: There is increasing disillusionment with the government. He left the company, expressing his bitterdisillusionment. My feeling is that there's a disillusionment all over Scotland with the way the parliament is behaving. They noted growing disillusion with the politicalprocess.

longing

a feeling of wanting something or someone very much: He gazed at her, his eyes full of longing. a longing look a longing for his homeland Synonymedesire (WANT)yearning

preference

a greater interest in or desire for somebody/something than somebody/something else It's a matter of personal preference. I can't say that I have any particular preference. preference for somebody/something Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan. Let's make a list of possible speakers, in order of preference.

typewriter (Schreibmaschine)

a machine with keys that you press to produce letters and numbers on paper: He still uses an old typewriter.

individual

a person considered separately rather than as part of a group The competition is open to both teams and individuals. Treatment depends on the individual involved. He has persuaded private individuals (= ordinary people rather than companies, etc.) to donate to the collection. There is no single individual who is to blame. Wealthy individuals currently account for about 75 per cent of hedge fund investment, and institutions make up the other 25 per cent.a person considered separately rather than as part of a group The competition is open to both teams and individuals. Treatment depends on the individual involved. He has persuaded private individuals (= ordinary people rather than companies, etc.) to donate to the collection. There is no single individual who is to blame. Wealthy individuals currently account for about 75 per cent of hedge fund investment, and institutions make up the other 25 per cent.

beneficiary

a person or group who receives money, advantages, etc. as a result of something else: Her wife was the chief beneficiary of her will.

payslip

a piece of paper given to someone who is employed to show how much money they have earned and how much tax has been taken off

individually

separately, rather than as a group individually wrapped chocolates The manager spoke to them all individually. The hotel has 100 individually designed bedrooms. Individually, students have little power, but collectively they can be more influential.

Sienna had very _____________ left the party before all the trouble started. WISE Invest your money _____________.

showing good judgment: Sienna had very wisely left the party before all the trouble started. Invest your money wisely.

The advantage of this system is its ______________. FLEXIBLE The schedule doesn't allow much ______________.

the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation: The advantage of this system is its flexibility. The schedule doesn't allow much flexibility.

I don't think you have the right to pass _________________. JUDGE I'm going to reserve _________________ for the time being.

the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions: to show good/sound/poor judgment I don't think you have the right to pass judgment (on others) (= to say whether you think other people are good or bad). I'm going to reserve judgment (on the decision) (= not say whether I think it is good or bad) for the time being.

habitation (Wohnen)

the act of living in a building unfit for human habitation used to describe a house that is too dirty or dangerous for people to be allowed to live in it

misuse

the act of using something in a dishonest way or for the wrong purposeSYNONYM abuse alcohol/drug misuse the misuse of power/authority He was accused of the misuse of public funds.

overuse

the act of using something too much or too often The problem of antibiotic overuse and misuse is not easy to control. An overuse of graphics in reports can be an unwelcome distraction.

classification

the act or process of putting people or things into a group or class (= of classifyingthem) a style of music that defies classification (= is like no other)

wordplay

the activity of joking about the meanings of words, especially in an intelligent way Vergleichenpun noun

manufacturing

the business of producing goods in large numbers: car manufacturing the manufacturing of military equipment

insignificance

the fact of being small or not noticeable, and therefore not considered important: Advances in astronomy have reinforced the utterinsignificance of Earth on a celestial scale. The traumas of my own upbringing pale/fadeinto insignificance (= seem very unimportant)when I hear stories about the way Peter's parents treated him.

personnel

the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forces There is a severe shortage of skilled personnel. sales/technical/medical/security/military, etc. personnel

empowerment

the process of gaining freedom and power to do what you want or to control what happensto you: female/youth empowerment political/economic empowerment Part of the philosophy of the World Wide Web is the empowerment of the individual.

Allegations of fraud and __________________________. MANAGEMENT

the process of organizing or controlling something badly: Mismanagement of the economy/economic mismanagement Allegations of fraud and mismanagement.

Braces can help in ____________________ of the joints for treating fractures. MOBILITY A steering-wheel ____________________ device helps to prevent car theft.

the process of stopping something or someone from moving: Braces can help in immobilization of the joints for treating fractures. A steering-wheel immobilization device helps to prevent car theft.

The _________________ behind her conclusion is impossible to fault. REASON She's absolutely determined to go and there's just no _________________ with her.

the process of thinking about something in order to make a decision: The reasoning (Argumentation) behind her conclusion is impossible to fault. She's absolutely determined to go and there's just no reasoning with her.

dominance

the quality of being more important, strong, or successful than anything else of the same type: The party's dominance in Scotland was being challenged for the first time. The dominance of the car makes cycling and walking increasingly difficult. the company's growing dominance of the sportsshoe industry PSYCHOLOGY specializedthe action of taking control of other people or animals in a forceful way, or the quality of liking to do this: The new chairman appears to be trying to asserthis dominance with a set of personnel changes. The accepted way to manage elephants in zooswas through close contact and dominance.

He has _________________ beyond his years. MATURE Her poems show great _________________. She has shown great _________________ in her behaviour this term.

the quality of thinking and behaving in a sensible, adult manner He has maturity beyond his years. Her poems show great maturity. She has shown great maturity in her behaviour this term.

officialdom

the state of used to refer to those people who have a position of authority, especially in government, usually when they are preventing you from doing what you want to do or are slow or not effective being an official Despite this air of officialdom in the presentation, not all are obsequious accounts.From the Cambridge English Corpus Their experiences during communist times make them reluctant to speak openly about officialdom.From the Cambridge English Corpus

favour

the support or approval of something or someone: These plans are unlikely to find favour unless the cost is reduced. The Council voted in favour of a £200 million housing development. She is out of favour (= unpopular) with her colleagues. Her economic theories are in favour (= popular) with the current government. He sent her presents in an attempt to win her favour.

leisure

time when you are not working or studying; free time These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it. Make the most of your leisure time!

provoke

to cause a reaction, especially a negative one: The prospect of increased prices has already provoked an outcry. Test results provoked worries that the reactorcould overheat. More examples Her manifest lack of interest in the projecthas provoked severe criticism. The release from prison of two of the terrorists has provoked a public outcry. These murders have provoked outrageacross the country. We have no intention of launching a pre-emptive strike, but we will retaliate if provoked. The prime minister's speech provoked an angry response from the shadow cabinet.

Seeing too much violence on television can ________________ people to it. SENSITIZE

to cause someone to experience something, usually an emotion or a pain, less strongly than before: Seeing too much violence on television can desensitize people to it.

activate

to cause something to start: The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure. CHEMISTRY specializedto make a chemical reaction happen more quickly, especially by heating

She _____________ her speech for a younger audience. WORK

to change a speech or a piece of writing in order to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose: She reworked her speech for a younger audience.

govern

to control and direct the public business of a country, city, group of people, etc.: The country has been governed by militaryregimes. A president needs popular support in order to govern effectively. More examples We are governed, in Lord Hailsham's famousphrase, by an 'elective dictatorship'. The country's being governed by a bunch of incompetents. He was chosen to govern the colony by the British government. He has been governing the country since taking power in a military coup. Another defeat in parliament would seriouslyweaken the president's ability to govern.

derive (ableiten)

to get something from something else: The institute derives all its money from foreigninvestments. She derives great pleasure/satisfaction from playingthe violin. More examples Many people derive their self-worth from theirwork. I didn't derive much benefit from school. She derived great satisfaction from helpingother people. The charity derives its income entirely from donations. He derives an enormous amount of satisfaction from restoring old houses.

inhabit

to live in a place: These remote islands are inhabited only by birds.

avoidance

to stay away from someone or something: I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy. I'm anxious to avoid the motorway at rush hour. Do you think Lukas is avoiding me? I haven't seenhim all day.

We had to _________________ a nine-hour delay at the airport. DURATION She's already had to _________________ three painful operations on her leg.

to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful: We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport. She's already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.

threaten

to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them or cause problems if they do not do what you want: They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun. [ + to infinitive ] They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked. C1 [ T ]to be likely to cause harm or damage to something or someone: Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside. C2 [ I ]If something bad threatens to happen, it is likely to happen: Look at those clouds! There's a storm threatening.

It will be impossible to recover all the _______________ charity money. APPLY

to use something badly, wrongly, or in a way that was not intended: It will be impossible to recover all the misapplied charity money. Synonym misuse

officious

too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own importance: He's an officious little man and widely disliked in the company. Synonymsinterferingmeddlesome disapproving

desirous

desirous (of something/of doing something) | desirous (to do something) having a wish for something; wanting something At that point Franco was desirous of prolonging the war.

disappearance

disappearance

familiarise

familiarize yourself/somebody (with something) to learn about something or teach somebody about something, so that you/they start to understand itSYNONYM acquaint You'll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures. As a teacher I try to familiarize students with a wide variety of fiction.

demotivated

feeling less keen to work or study

steadily

gradually: Prices have risen steadily.

steady

happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly: The procession moved through the streets at a steady pace. Orders for new ships are rising, after several years of steady decline. Over the last ten years he has produced a steady flow/stream/trickle of articles and papers. Progress has been slow but steady.

tendency

if somebody/something has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way to display artistic tendencies tendency to do something I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous. This material has a tendency to shrink when washed. tendency for somebody/something to do something There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. tendency to/towards somethingShe has a strong natural tendency towards caution.

satisfyingly

in a way that gives pleasure because it provides something you need or want The story is satisfyingly complex.

negligibly

in a way that is too slight or small in amount to be of importance: Girls are now only negligibly behind boys in mathsand science. This effect was found to be negligibly small for the present data.

materially

in a way that relates to money and possessions: Materially, of course, we're better off.

longingly

in a way that relates to the feeling of wanting something or someone very much: She gazed longingly at the box of chocolates. We passed olive trees, staring longingly at their cool shade.

strongly

in a way that shows definite and serious opinions or beliefs a strongly worded protest He was strongly opposed to the idea. This is an issue I feel strongly about. This decision was strongly criticized by both sides. Nearly all of them strongly agreethat education is the key to success. I strongly disagree with this statement. We believe strongly in the importance of taking personal responsibility for our own actions. We strongly urge the British government to take the necessary action.

"Are you telling me the truth?" he asked _________________. DOUBT Jamie looked at her _________________, wanting to believe her. Siehe doubtful

in a way that shows feelings of doubt: "Are you telling me the truth?" he asked doubtfully. Jamie looked at her doubtfully, wanting to believe her. Siehe doubtful

selective

affecting or involving only a small number of people or things from a larger group the selective breeding of cattle selective strike action the socially selective nature of population changes

The police showed commendable _______________ in their handling of the case. SENSE

an ability to understand what other people need, and be helpful and kind to them: The police showed commendable sensitivity in their handling of the case.

impatiently

in a way that shows you are annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait: "Yes, you said that before," she said impatiently. He snapped impatiently when I suggested I helphim with his homework. in a way that shows you want something to happen as soon as possible: We were waiting impatiently for the show to begin . He started to glance impatiently at his watch.

restlessly

in a way that shows you are unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a changeHe moved restlessly from one foot to the other. ​without resting or sleeping properlyShe tossed restlessly until she finally fell asleep.

The dog looked up at John ____________________. EXPECT He took out a little notebook and waited ____________________.

in an expectant way (= thinking that something pleasant or exciting is going to happen): The dog looked up at John expectantly. He took out a little notebook and waited expectantly.

inadequacy

inadequacy (of something) the state of not being enough or good enough the inadequacy of our resources

exemplification

an example of something, or the act of giving an example of something: We include discussion and exemplification of various rhythmic styles. The exemplifications are what make the definitions meaningful. Seeexemplify More examples This compilation is a good exemplification of the methods set up by the project. More extensive and appropriateexemplification would have settled these questions. They choose exemplifications from their own published material.

suggestion

an idea, plan, or action that is suggested or the act of suggesting it: I don't know what to wear tonight - do you have any suggestions? She made some very helpful suggestions but her boss rejected them all. [ + that ] They didn't like my suggestion that we should all share the cost. I have a few favourite restaurants that I tend to go back to, but I'm always open to new suggestions (= willing to try new ones that people suggest). I went to the Park Street dentist's at Ann's suggestion (= as a result of Ann suggesting it) and I was really impressed.

interaction

an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other: There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. Language games are usually intended to encouragestudent interaction. The play follows the interactions of three very different characters.

individualise

individualize something to make something different to suit the needs of a particular person, place, etc. to individualize children's learning

implication

an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly: [ + that ] From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. She accused the party and, by implication, its leader too. Synonymehint (INDIRECT STATEMENT)imputation formalindication (SIGN)innuendoinsinuationintimation formalsuggestion

The author has applied a modern __________________ to the social ideals of an earlier age. SENSE

an understanding of or ability to decide about what is good or valuable, especially in connection with artistic or social activities: literary/musical/artistic/theatrical/aesthetic sensibility The author has applied a modern sensibility (= way of understanding things) to the social ideals of an earlier age.

knowledge

understanding of or information about a subjectthat you get by experience or study, either knownby one person or by people generally: Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive. He has a limited knowledge of French. The details of the scandal are now commonknowledge (= familiar to most people). She started to photograph the documents, safe in the knowledge that (= knowing that) she wouldn't be disturbed for at least an hour. In this town there are only a couple of restaurantsthat to my knowledge (= judging from my personalexperience and information) serve good food.

briefs

underwear worn by men and women which covers the area between the waist and the tops of the legs

undo

undo something to open something that is fastened, tied or wrappedto undo a button/knot/zipto undo a jacket/shirtI undid the package and took out the books.OPPOSITE do up ​undo something to cancel the effect of somethingHe undid most of the good work of the previous manager.It's not too late to try and undosome of the damage.UNDO (= a command on a computer that cancels the previous action)Just select 'Edit' and 'Undo' to cancel the previous action.

He's been _____________ for the past six months. JOB Synonymeidle (NOT WORKING)unemployed.

unemployed: He's been jobless for the past six months. Synonymeidle (NOT WORKING)unemployed

We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - ____________________, I must give you the number of a similar one I know. INCIDENT ____________________, I wanted to have a word with you about your travel expenses.

used before saying something that is not as important as the main subject of conversation, but is connected to it in some way: We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I must give you the number of a similar one I know. used when mentioning a subject that has not been discussed before, often making it seem less important than it really is: Incidentally, I wanted to have a word with you about your travel expenses.

The fat was ________________ very rich and it was better once you allowed it to warm up. EXPECT ________________, reaction to the court's recent decision is mixed among the region's parents.

used for saying that someone expects or expected something: The fat was expectedly very rich and it was better once you allowed it to warm up. Expectedly, reaction to the court's recent decision is mixed among the region's parents.

objectionable

used to describe people or things that you dislike or oppose because they are so unpleasant or wrong: an objectionable smell I found the violence in that film really objectionable.

She is the ____________________ star of British ballet. DOUBT

used to emphasize that something is true: She is the undoubted star of British ballet.

She was _____________________ the best candidate. DOUBT

used to emphasize that something is true: She was undoubtedly the best candidate.

considering

used to mention a particular condition or fact about something, usually a disadvantage: Considering the weather, we got here pretty quickly. I was impressed that she found the way here, considering she'd only been here once before. Mehr Beispiele His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances. He exhibited great self-control considering her rudeness. The grant was a real godsend, especially considering the theatre was due to close next month. Your car's in very good condition, considering how old it is. My grandpa's attitudes are very modern, considering his age.

matchwood

very small pieces of wood The boat hit the rocks and was reduced to matchwood.

familiar

well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize to look/sound/seem familiar I couldn't see any familiar faces in the room. He's a familiar figure in the neighbourhood. Then she heard a familiar voice. The cast contains a number of familiar names. The song was vaguely familiar. familiar to somebody The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.

zealously

with great energy and enthusiasm, especially because you feel strongly about something a zealously guarded secret

classless

with no divisions into social classesWill Britain ever become a classless society? ​not clearly belonging to a particular social classa classless accent

interact

with the other children. It's interesting at parties to see how people interact socially. We are studying how these two chemicals interact.

appreciable

large enough to be noticed or thought importantSYNONYM considerable The new regulations will not make an appreciable difference to most people. an appreciable effect/increase/amount The increase in salary will be appreciable. There has been an appreciable increase in profits.

substantial

large in size, value, or importance: The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. She inherited a substantial fortune from her grandmother. The first draft of his novel needed a substantial amount of rewriting.

considerable

large or of noticeable importance: The fire caused considerable damage to the church. Gegensatzinconsiderable

The state of not being fully developed or grown the _________________ of renal function in some infants. MATURE

​behaviour that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much youngeremotional immaturity ​the state of not being fully developed or grown the immaturity of renal function in some infants

adequate

​enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need They'll need an adequate supply of hot water. The room was small but adequate. There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students. He didn't give an adequate answer to the question. adequate for something The space available is not adequate for our needs. adequate to do something training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry

expressionless

not showing what someone thinks or feels: He has such an expressionless face/voice. Synonymedeadpanimpassivepoker-faced

ineffectual (unwirksam)

not skilled at achieving, or not able to produce, good results: an ineffectual leader The teachers were ineffectual at maintainingdiscipline. Synonymunavailing for

undesirable

not wanted or approved of; likely to cause trouble or problems undesirable consequences/effects It would be highly undesirable to increase class sizes further. prostitution and other undesirable practices These alternatives are economically undesirable.

Margaret didn't understand the _____________ of the letter, thinking it a joke. IMPLY

Margaret didn't understand the implications of the letter, thinking it a joke.

Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of _____________ she felt on waking for the first time in the new house. ORIENTATE

Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of disorientation she felt on waking for the first time in the new house. orientate

So _____________ was she that it was difficult to ever get really angry at her. CHARISMA

So charismatic was she that it was difficult to ever get really angry at her.

4. The best actor Oscar went to John Garaint for his role as the ______________ cruel mobster in "Tough Streets". FORGET

The best actor Oscar went to John Garaint for his role as the unforgettable cruel mobster in "Tough Streets".

payload

The cargo carried by a rocket.

7. This new law will not only affect cinemas in the United States but could have dramatic and significant effects on the film industry _____________. WORLD

This new law will not only affect cinemas in the United States but could have dramatic and significant effects on the film industry worldwide.

We are the only animal that chooses what it will look like. True, the chameleon changes color - but not _______________. WILL

We are the only animal that chooses what it will look like. True, the chameleon changes color - but not willfully.

We decided to increase our advertising spend as we think that may be a very _____________ strategy. EFFECT

We decided to increase our advertising spend as we think that may be a very effective strategy.

overweight

fat: He used to be very overweight. I'm only a few pounds overweight, but I just can't seem to lose them. an overweight man/woman/child

briefly

for a short time: We chatted briefly about the weather. Mehr Beispiele She appears briefly in the new Bond film. He was briefly famous in his twenties but then sank into obscurity. He appears briefly towards the end of the film in a cameo role as a priest. She worked briefly as a journalist, but attracted attention as a writer with her stories of village life. He made his living briefly as a newspaper reporter before getting into politics.

officially

formally and in a way agreed to or arranged by people in positions of authority: The royal engagement was announced officially this morning. as stated or accepted by people publicly but not privately or as things really are: Well, officially I am on holiday this week, but I'm just catching up on some reports I have to finish. in or relating to a position of responsibility that you hold: He has not visited the country officially since his election, only in a private capacity.

contented

happy and satisfied: She smiled a contented smile. He won't be contented until he's upset everyone in the office. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples feeling or showing pleasure happyI'm much happier in my new job. cheerfulShe's always very cheerful. in a good moodYou're in a good mood this morning! pleasedHe was pleased that she had come back. gladI was so glad to see her.

solid

hard or firm, keeping a clear shape: solid ground a solid object a solid structure Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples not bending or changing shape easily hardIf you hit your head on a hard surface, see a doctor. stiffPost the picture in a stiff cardboard envelope so it doesn't get crumpled. rigidThe sculpture was a rigid steel and concrete structure.

beneficially

hat influenced beneficially both the appreciation pressures on the zloty and foreign exchange reserves growth with the latter stabilizing at a comfortable level in mid-1996.From the Cambridge English Corpus The genesis of nationalism may have been at least partially autonomous of modernization and industrialization, and its functionally beneficially consequences may only have been partially related to modern economic development.

meaningless

having no meaning: a meaningless phrase

I'm __________________ and underpaid. WORK The article was full of __________________ expressions.

having to work too much: an overworked civil servant I'm overworked and underpaid. used to describe language that has been used too much and has lost its meaning: The article was full of overworked expressions.

beneficial

helpful, useful, or good: The improvement in sales figures had a beneficial effect/influence on the company as a whole. A stay in the country will be beneficial to his health. Mehr Beispiele The psychiatric team decided that it would not be beneficial to keep her in hospital. Breast-feeding is extremely beneficial to the health of newborn babies. From our point of view, we do not see how these changes will be beneficial to the company. Only some bacteria are harmful - many are beneficial.

imitation

a copy of something, especially something expensive a poor/cheap imitation of the real thing This latest production is a pale imitation of the original (= it is not nearly as good). imitation leather/pearls

timetable

a detailed plan showing when events or activities will happen : The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre-Dame and the Louvre. Here is the timetable of events for the day. the timetable for the withdrawal of US troops from the country

moralist

a person who tries to force or teach other people to behave in ways he or she considersto be most correct and honest

humanitarian

a person who tries to help people who are suffering and improve the conditions that they are living in

Their prices are better than any of their _________________. COMPETE How many _________________ took part in the race?

a person, team, or company that is competing against others: Their prices are better than any of their competitors. How many competitors took part in the race? Synonymschallengercontenderrival

The museum owns many fine 18th-century __________________. ENGRAVE [ U ] The book describes the art of __________________.

a picture printed onto paper from a piece of woodor metal into which the design has been cut. The museum owns many fine 18th-century engravings. [ U ] The book describes the art of engraving.

causal

a relationship, link, etc. between two things in which one causes the other: Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour?

declaration

an announcement, often one that is written and official: Members of Congress have to make a declaration of their busiess interests. As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen. The company made a declaration of intent to follow an equal opportunities policy.

She's trying to make a __________________ with her first album for 20 years. COME

an attempt to become famous, powerful, or important again after a period of being much less famous, etc.: She's trying to make a comeback with her first album for 20 years.

Books on every _________________ subject lined one wall. CONCEIVE It's just _________________ the hospital made a mistake.

possible to imagine or to believe: Books on every conceivable (denkbar) subject lined one wall. It's just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake.

Because of the heavy snow, roads in the area were ___________ only with care. PASSAGE

possible to travel on: Because of the heavy snow, roads in the area were passable only with care.

domination

power or control over other people or things: The movie was about a group of robots set on world domination (= control of all countries).

preventative (vorbeugend)

preventive

redo

redo something to do something again or in a different way A whole day's work had to be redone. We've just redone the bathroom (= decorated it again). to redo your sums/exams/test/work

inexpressive

showing no feelings: Although the shock must have been great, her face remained inexpressive.

withdrawn

shy and quiet and preferring to be alone rather than with other people: Following her son's death, she became quiet and withdrawn and rarely went out.

assessor

someone whose job is to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something: The assessor stated that the fire damage was not as severe as the hotel's owner had claimed.

repairman

someone whose job is to make things that are broken work correctly: a TV repairman

analyst

someone whose job is to study or examine something in detail: a financial/food/political/systems analyst → psychoanalyst (psychoanalyse)UK Mehr Beispiele a City analyst Most financial analysts have been surprised by the persistence of the recession. Many analysts are predicting an upswing in the economy. Many analysts failed to predict the sudden drop in house prices.

artificiality

the fact of being made to copy something natural, rather than being realthe artificiality of theatre ​the fact of being created by people rather than existing or happening naturallythe artificiality of international boundaries

handover

the giving of control of or responsibility for something to someone else: The United Nations is to supervise the handover of the prisoners of war. See alsohand sth over

fruitlessness (Fruchtlosigkeit)

the quality of being unsuccessful or producingnothing of value: They despaired at the fruitlessness of the meeting. She saw the fruitlessness of the situation.

The restaurant was hopelessly _________________ by a former rock musician with no business experience. MANAGE

to organize or control something badly: The restaurant was hopelessly mismanaged by a former rock musician with no business experience.

The restaurant was hopelessly ____________________________ by a former rock musician with no business experience. MANAGE

to organize or control something badly: The restaurant was hopelessly mismanaged by a former rock musician with no business experience. Synonymemisconductmishandle

underpay

to pay someone too little for the work they do

restate (wiederholen)

to say something again or in a different way: He restated his belief that the sanctions need more time to work. Synonymereiterate formalrepeat

This is a very delicate situation and it needs to be handled _______________. SENSE The solo was played very _______________ by the violaplayer. It was beautifully written and _______________ directed.

in a careful way to avoid upsetting people: This is a very delicate situation and it needs to be handled sensitively. in a way that shows you understand a characterin a play, story, etc. or the feelings in a piece of music: The solo was played very sensitively by the violaplayer. It was beautifully written and sensitively directed.

familiarly

in a friendly and informal manner, sometimes in a way that is too informal to be pleasantJohn Hunt, familiarly known to his friends as JackHe touched her cheek familiarly. ​in the way that is well known to peopleThe elephant's nose or, more familiarly, trunk, is the most versatile organ in the animal kingdom.

broadly

in a general way, without considering specific examples or all the details: Broadly speaking, don't you think women make better drivers than men? Many of the findings in this study are broadly similar to those of Johnes (1990).

immorally

in a way that is morally wrong: Their father came by his enormous wealthimmorally. The banks acted immorally by pushing loans to clients who could not afford them.

unintentionally

in a way that is not intentional: I was either intentionally or unintentionally excluded from a lot of the decisions that were made. The newspaper printed information that was unintentionally misleading.

perceptively

in a way that shows the ability to see or understand things quickly, especially things that are not obvious Wyndham wrote perceptively about English society.

height

the distance from the top to the bottom of something, or the quality of being tall: The sheer height of New York's skyscrapers is so impressive. She's about average height (= neither short nor tall).

It seems ____________________ to expect one person to do both jobs. REASON

not fair or acceptable: unreasonable demands It seems unreasonable to expect one person to do both jobs.

Stefan was a ___________ collector of gadgets throughout his life. COMPEL (Zwang)

Stefan was a compulsive (zwanghaft) collector of gadgets throughout his life. Doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it: - a compulsive liar/thief/eater - compulsive gambling - a compulsive eating disorder

The book contains a ___________ of poems from three decades. COLLECT

The book contains a collection of poems from three decades.

The damage to the car was of no significance. There was an _______________ amount of damage to the car. SIGNIFICANT

The damage to the car was of no significance. There was an insignificant amount of damage to the car.

The design has many _______________ (Anwendung). APPLY The _______________ of this research in the treatment of cancer. APPLY

The design has many applications (Anwendung). The application of this research in the treatment of cancer.

The weather is so _____________ in the British Isles that it's difficult to know what to wear. CHANGE

The weather is so changeable in the British Isles that it's difficult to know what to wear.

The West's ___________ has put millions of people at risk of starvation. ACT This announcement follows months of ___________ and delay. ACT

Failure to do anything that might provide a solution to a problem: The West's inaction has put millions of people at risk of starvation. This announcement follows months of inaction and delay.

Despite this _______________ of evidence, the government persisted in doing nothing. ACCUMULATE _______________ of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. ACCUMULATE

accumulate: An amount of something that has been collected. Despite this accumulation of evidence, the government persisted in doing nothing. Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches.

I wasn't ______________ to work out what she was trying to say.

I wasn't able to work out what she was trying to say. Can you make out what she is trying to say? be capable of (doing) You are capable of a lot more than you think you are. know how to "Do you know how to swim?" "Of course I know how to swim."

I felt _________________ happy this morning. _________________, the lawyer never called this supposed witness. ACCOUNT

In a way that cannot be explained or understood: I felt unaccountably happy this morning. Unaccountably, the lawyer never called this supposed witness.

It won't be possible to replace that vase, I'm afraid. Unfortunately, that vase is ____________. REPLACE

It won't be possible to replace that vase, I'm afraid. Unfortunately, that vase is irreplaceable.

She ______________ he was still on a fact finding mission of his own.

She assumed he was still on a fact finding mission of his own. ASSUME

She showed her deep ________________ by slamming the door in our faces. APPROVE

She showed her deep disapproval by slamming the door in our faces.

The ____________ of fast food is increasing at a frightening rate. CONSUME

The consumption of fast food is increasing at a frightening rate.

The driver didn't apologise for his bad behaviour. The driver was ____________ about his bad behaviour. APOLOGISE

The driver didn't apologise for his bad behaviour. The driver was unapologetic about his bad behaviour.

The many dance movies of the 1980s, such as Dirty Dancing and Flashdance, helped to ____________ dancing. POPULAR

The many dance movies of the 1980s, such as Dirty Dancing and Flashdance, helped to popularise dancing.

There are many ______________ companies that are working on new technologies. INNOVATE

There are many innovative companies that are working on new technologies.

There were a number of _____________ built into the contract. CONSTRAIN

There were a number of constraints built into the contract.

As people _________________ more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. The company said the debt was _________________ during its acquisition of nine individual businesses. We've _________________ so much rubbish over the years. ACCUMULATE

To collect a large number of things over a long period of time: As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. The company said the debt was accumulated during its acquisition of nine individual businesses. We've accumulated so much rubbish over the years.

She is deaf, but refuses to let her ___________ prevent her from doing what she wants to do. ABLE Trying to change attitudes to ___________ is an uphill struggle. We should be able to repair, heal, or replace any part of the body not functioning at the level the person with the ___________ reasonably wishes it to.

a physical/learning disability She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability prevent her from doing what she wants to do. Trying to change attitudes to disability is an uphill struggle (Carter Kampf). Regarding disorders and disabilities: We should be able to repair, heal, or replace any part of the body not functioning at the level the person with the disability reasonably wishes it to.

There are a number of ___________ activities now being offered at the school. CURRICULUM

extracurricular (ausserplanmässig) Used to refer to something a person does secretly or unofficially and not within their normal work or relationship, especially a sexual relationship: He detailed the future president's extracurricular activities while governor. There are a number of extracurricular activities now being offered at the school.

unarguable

not able to be argued

On 31 May the two leaders signed a peace ______________. ACCORD UK Before 1987, the ______________ between the Labour government and the unions was a simple affair. ACCORD The project is completely in ______________ with government policy. ACCORD

(A formal) agreement: On 31 May the two leaders signed a peace accord. UK Before 1987, the accord between the Labour government and the unions was a simple affair. The project is completely in accord with government policy.

A

a

householder

the person who owns or is in charge of a house Vergleichenhomeownerowner-occupier

misgovern

to govern a country badly

causative

acting as the cause of something: Smoking is a causative factor in the development of several serious diseases, including lung cancer.

imitator - imitative - inimitable

a person or thing that copies somebody/something else The band's success has inspired hundreds of would-be imitators. There are now countless imitators of champagne on the market.

permission

If someone is given permission to do something, they are allowed to do it: [ + to infinitive ] You will need permission from yourparents to go on the trip. Official permission has been granted for more building near the river. The authorities have refused permission for the demonstration to take place. UK Planning permission was refused for the proposed superstore. US Zoning permission was refused for the proposed superstore.

metallic

A metallic sound, appearance, or taste is like metal: a dull, metallic sound Beer from a can often has a metallic taste. Our new car is metallic blue. consisting of, or partly consisting of, metal: Brass is a metallic alloy of copper and zinc.

slippery (rutschig)

If something is slippery, it is wet or smooth so that it slides easily or causes something to slide: slippery soap a slippery floor The road was wet and slippery. informal disapprovingSomeone who is slippery cannot be trusted: He's as slippery as an eel - you can never get a straight answer out of him. He's a slippery customer (= person), and I've never felt comfortable with him.

He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now ________________. STABLE

If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing: He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now stabilized.

payee

a person who money is paid to or should be paid to

4. If you look on the other side of the cup, you will find a small _______________ with the name of the original manufacturer. ENGRAVE

If you look on the other side of the cup, you will find a small engraving with the name of the original manufacturer.

If you plan your journey carefully you will have an _______________ time in India. FORGET

If you plan your journey carefully you will have an unforgettable time in India.

If you want to be a professional _____________, you have to practise every day. PIANO

If you want to be a professional pianist, you have to practise every day.

6. If you would only __________________ the role of your father in the success of your company, there wouldn't be so much bad blood between you. KNOW

If you would only acknowledge the role of your father in the success of your company, there wouldn't be so much bad blood between you.

state

a condition or way of being that exists at a particular time: The building was in a state of disrepair. She was found wandering in a confused state (of mind). Give me the keys - you're not in a state to drive. After the accident I was in a state of shock. I came home to an unhappy state of affairs (= situation). The kitchen was in its original state, with a 1920s sink and stove.

replay

a game that is played again because neither side won in the previous game United won the replay 3-1. a replay against Real Madrid

household

a group of people, often a family, who live together: By the 1960s, most households had a TV. household chores household expenses household waste

Her work means that she spends long ___________________ away from home. PERIODICALLY Unemployment in the first half of the year was 2.5 percent lower than in the same ___________________ the year before. 15 people were killed in/over a ___________________ of four days. The study will be carried out over a six-month ___________________.

a length of time: Her work means that she spends long periods away from home. Unemployment in the first half of the year was 2.5 percent lower than in the same period the year before. 15 people were killed in/over a period of four days. The study will be carried out over a six-month period.

handle

a part of an object designed for holding, moving, or carrying the object easily: a door handle the handle on a suitcase I can't pick the kettle up - the handle's too hot. She turned the handle and slowly opened the door.

appreciate

appreciate somebody/something to recognize the good qualities of somebody/something Over the years he came to appreciate the beauty and tranquillity of the river. His talents are not fully appreciatedin that company. Her family doesn't appreciate her. You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation. The sound quality was poor so we couldn't fully appreciate the music.

additional

extra: additional costs/problems There will be an extra charge for any additional passengers. Mehr Beispiele The doctor has made an initial diagnosis, but there'll be an additional examination by a specialist. They looked to the government for additional support. An additional power switch for the radio is handily located next to the steering wheel. An additional grant has enabled the team to push forward with research plans.

deeply

extremely or strongly: I'm deeply grateful to you. He found her comments deeply irritating/offensive. We don't want to get too deeply involved with these people. After 20 years of marriage, they're still deeply in love. Synonymprofoundly

perceptive

having or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly, especially things that are not obvious a highly perceptive comment It was very perceptive of you to notice that. The article gives a perceptive analysis of the way bureaucracies work.

_______________ responsibilities/decisions/skills. MANAGE

relating to a manager or management: Managerial responsibilities/decisions/skills

architectural

relating to architecture: architectural drawings/plans a building of architectural interest

typical

showing all the characteristics that you would usually expect from a particular group of things: I must look like the typical tourist with my shorts and my camera. This kind of hot and spicy food is very typical of the food in the south of the country. Typical symptoms would include severe headaches, vomiting and dizziness.

regretful

showing that you feel sorry about something: a regretful goodbye/glance/smile

unusable

that can be used; in good enough condition to be used How can we display this data in a usable form? The bike is rusty but usable.

perceptiveness

the ability to see or understand things quickly, especially things that are not obviousSYNONYM insight (2)

weightlifter

the activity of lifting heavy objects either as a sport or for exercise

weightlifting

the activity of lifting heavy objects either as a sport or for exercise

There was a general air of _____________________ in the crowd. EXPECT

the feeling that something exciting or pleasant is going to happen: There was a general air of expectancy in the crowd.

he environmental argument was a _____________ factor. DECISION The chairperson always has the _____________ vote. Glennon scored the _____________ goal in the final minute of the match.

A deciding event or action is more important than the rest because the final result, decision, or choice is changed by it: The environmental argument was a deciding factor. The chairperson always has the deciding vote. Glennon scored the deciding goal in the final minute of the match.

terribly

(especially British English)veryI'm terribly sorry—did I hurt you?It's terribly important for parents to be consistent.I'm not terribly interested in politics. ​ very much; very badlyI miss him terribly.They suffered terribly when their son was killed.The experiment went terribly wrong.Would you mind terribly if I didn't come today?

insurmontable

(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully: insurmountable difficulties This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt.

Sales reps need to be ______________, because they are constantly meeting customers. She has an outgoing personality. GO

(of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with others: Sales reps need to be outgoing, because they are constantly meeting customers. She has an outgoing personality.

intimate

(of people) having a close and friendly relationshipintimate friendsWe're not on intimate terms withour neighbours.TOPICS Family and relationshipsC1 ​ private and personal, often in a sexual wayThe article revealed intimate detailsabout his family life.the most intimate parts of her body

abusive

(of speech or of a person) rude and offensive; criticizing rudely and unfairly abusive language/remarks He became abusive when he was drunk. He was fined for making abusive comments to the referee.

impressive

(of things or people) making you admire them, because they are very large, good, skilful, etc. an impressive performance an impressive array/list/collection an impressive display of skill He has an impressive record of 63 wins from 71 fights.

artful

(disapproving) clever at getting what you want, sometimes by not telling the truthSYNONYM crafty He was artful and cunning, and I didn't really trust him

sportys

(especially British English) liking or good at sportI'm not very sporty. ​(of clothes) bright, attractive and informal; looking suitable for wearing for sportsa sporty cotton top

stimuli

(plural stimuli /ˈstɪmjəlaɪ/ /ˈstɪmjəlaɪ/) ​ [usually singular]something that helps somebody/something to develop better or more quickly stimulus for something Books provide children with ideas and a stimulus for play. stimulus to something The new tax laws should act as a stimulus to exports. stimulus (for somebody) (to do something) This development also acted as a stimulus for Britain to modernize her air force.

weightless

having or appearing to have no weight: There is a lot of interest in carrying out experiments in the weightless conditions which are experienced aboard space stations.

radioactive

having or producing the energy that comes from the breaking up of atoms: Uranium is a radioactive material. radioactive waste

A fire on the ship killed a hundred or more passengers - some likely victims are still _______________ for. An audit of the police department found that $100,000 in cash and one handgun were _______________ for. ACCOUNT

If a person is unaccounted for, it is not known where they are or whether they are still alive: A fire on the ship killed a hundred or more passengers - some likely victims are still unaccounted for. If something such as an amount of money is unaccounted for, it is not present and there is no explanation for what has happened to it: An audit of the police department found that $100,000 in cash and one handgun were unaccounted for.

An _________________ pain/suspense. DURING

If a situation or experience is unendurable, it is so unpleasant or painful that it is almost impossible to bear: unendurable pain/suspense

The cold weather is set to __________________ throughout the week. PERSIST If he __________________ in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. The government is __________________ with its ambitious public works programme.

If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist: If the pain persists, consult a doctor. The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. C2to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often unreasonable way: If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.

instinctive

Instinctive behaviour or reactions are not thought about, planned, or developed by training: an instinctive reaction

3. It is his ____________ which I find so unbelievable. He is normally such a truthful boy! HONEST

It is his dishonesty which I find so unbelievable. He is normally such a truthful boy!

It was a dour, _____________ performance by the team in the final and they left town humiliated and without the trophy. PASSION

It was a dour (mürrisch), passionless performance by the team in the final and they left town humiliated and without the trophy.

2. It was a _____________ minor accident but tragically, one of the two drivers died. SEEM

It was a seemingly minor accident but tragically, one of the two drivers died.

It's become ______________ clear that you don't want to continue working here. You can collect your things and leave on Friday. INCREASE

It's become increasingly clear that you don't want to continue working here. You can collect your things and leave on Friday.

By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to _______. APPLICATION I've _______ for a new job with the local newspaper. Please _______ in writing to the address below. We've _______ to a charitable organization for a grant for the project. Mandy _______ to join the police.

Meaning of apply in English apply verb UK /əˈplaɪ/ US /əˈplaɪ/ apply verb (REQUEST) B1 [ I ]to request something, usually officially, especially in writing or by sending in a form: By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply. I've applied for a new job with the local newspaper. Please apply in writing to the address below. We've applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project. [ + to infinitive ] Mandy applied to join the police.

She bribed a politician in an attempt to ____________ her career. FAR

She bribed a politician in an attempt to further her career.

unwritten

Something that is unwritten does not exist in a written or printed form: an unwritten constitution An unwritten rule or law does not exist officially but people generally accept and obey it: There's an unwritten rule that you don't wear jeans to work.

typify (typisieren)

Something that typifies a particular group of things shows all the characteristics that you would usually expect from it: With his blond, blue-eyed athletic looks, he typifies the all-American boy next door. to be characteristic of something: His latest book reflects the old preoccupations with sex and religion that typify much of his work.

Steven has lived in Miami all his life so 15 degrees is _____________ cool for him. COMPARE

Steven has lived in Miami all his life so 15 degrees is comparatively cool for him.

The Presidents incompetence during the recession only _____________ his party's resolve to get rid of him. QUICK

The Presidents incompetence during the recession only quickened his party's resolve to get rid of him.

4. The best way to solve this dispute is to find a neutral, __________________ third party and follow his or her suggestions. INTEREST

The best way to solve this dispute is to find a neutral, disinterested third party and follow his or her suggestions.

5. The ______________ that his mother was ill forced the suspect to give himself up to the police. REALISE

The realisation that his mother was ill forced the suspect to give himself up to the police.

4. The stray dog spent his days following tourists hoping to _____________ one of them. FRIEND

The stray dog spent his days following tourists hoping to befriend one of them.

__________________ seeks to find new forms of expression and rejects traditional or accepted ideas. MODERN

UK /ˈmɒd.ən.ɪ.zəm/ US /ˈmɑː.dɚ.nɪ.zəm/ modern thinking or methods: Modernism seeks to find new forms of expression and rejects traditional or accepted ideas.

We spent a fortune in the restaurant last night on their _____________ menu. It was good, but not that good! EXECUTE

We spent a fortune in the restaurant last night on their executive menu. It was good, but not that good!

artwork

[uncountable] pictures and photographs prepared for books, magazines, etc.Can you let me have the finished artwork for the poster by Friday?TOPICS ArtB2 ​ [countable, uncountable] a work of art, especially one in a museum; works of art as a group30 original artworks have gone missing from the museum.a collection of artwork from tribal cultures

classics

a book, film or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting standards for other books, etc. The film is now a cult classic. The song became an instant classic. The novel may become a modern classic. English classics such as 'Alice in Wonderland' His book is something of a classic of the genre.

transition

a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens: The health-care system is in transition at the moment. There will be an interim government to oversee the transition to democracy. changes, which may be social, legal, or medical, that lead to someone living their life as a person of a different gender to the one they were said to have at birth: She began her transition from male to female almost seven years ago.

manufacturer

a company that produces goods in large numbers: Germany is a major manufacturer of motor cars. Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Mehr Beispiele The design company is planning to join up with a shoe manufacturer and create a new range of footwear. They are the world's leading manufacturer of audio equipment. They're trying to restore the good name of the manufacturer. Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be prosecuted under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987. One computer manufacturer towers above all the rest.

hardship

a condition that causes difficulty or suffering, for example, being without a job or enough money: financial/economic hardship The price of cooking gas increased five-fold, worsening the economic hardship. extreme/real/severe hardship The Commission does not believe that the proposed rule change will pose an unduehardship on venture capital firms.(something that causes) difficult or unpleasantconditions of life, or an example of this: economic hardship

He set the ________________ on the oven to/for 20 minutes (= to record when 20 minutes had gone past). TIME

a device that makes a sound when a particular number of minutes, hours, etc. have gone past: He set the timer on the oven to/for 20 minutes (= to record when 20 minutes had gone past).

acknowledgement

a letter or email to say that you have receivedsomething that someone sent to you: I applied for five jobs, but only got three acknowledgements.

weighting

a level of importance given to something compared to something else: When the final grades are given, greater weighting is given to the lab work than to the written work. [ U ]an increase in an amount, especially extra money paid to people because they work in an area where it is expensive to live: Do they pay London weighting?

payroll

a list of the people employed by a company showing how much each one earns: a payroll tax The company is growing fast, adding another 100 employees to its payroll over the last year. [ C usually singular ]the total amount of money paid to the people employed by a particular company: With debts of $4 million and a monthly payroll of $1.2 million, the venture is clearly heading for trouble.

In either case such a lining is expensive, and has but a short life, in few works more than 200 charges, and in some only loo, though the silicious lining of the acid _______________ lasts thousands of charges. CONVERT

a machine or device that changes something into a different form. In either case such a lining is expensive, and has but a short life, in few works more than 200 charges, and in some only loo, though the silicious lining of the acid converter lasts thousands of charges.

She has written for several legal ___________________. PERIOD

a magazine or newspaper, especially on a serious subject, that is published regularly: She has written for several legal periodicals.

sportsman/woman/person

a man who plays a lot of sport, especially as a professionalSYNONYM athlete He is one of this country's top professional sportsmen.

portion

a part or share of something larger: A large/major portion of the company's profit goes straight back into new projects. I accept my portion of the blame. B2the amount of a particular food that is served to one person, especially in a restaurant or a shop that sells food ready to be eaten:

typist (Schreibkraft)

a particular group of people or things that share similar characteristics and form a smaller division of a larger set: There were so many different types of bread that I didn't know which to buy. What type of clothes does she wear? It was dark so I didn't notice what type of car it was. He's the type of man you could take home to your mother. He's very attractive, if you like the blond, athletic type.

I wonder what the ______________ holds for you and me. FUTURISTIC I'm sure at some point in the ______________ I'll want a baby. We need to plan for the ______________. Do you plan to leave New York in the distant ______________ or the near future? I can see those two getting married in the not too distant ______________.

a period of time that is to come: Sometimes I worry about the future. I wonder what the future holds for (= what will happen to) you and me. I'm sure at some point in the future I'll want a baby. We need to plan for the future. Do you plan to leave New York in the distant future or the near future? I can see those two getting married in the not too distant future (= quite soon).

officer

a person in the armed forces who has a position of authority: a naval officer a top-ranking officer

character

a person or an animal in a book, play or film the main character in the film a major/minor character in the book Who plays the main character? He loves to draw and create his own cartoon characters. Clint Eastwood's character is the most sympathetic in the movie.

We need a reference from your former ________________. EMPLOY

a person or organization that employs people: We need a reference from your former employer.

activist

a person who believes strongly in political or social change and takes part in activities such as public protests to try to make this happen: He's been a trade union/party activist for many years. an animal rights activist More examples Human rights activists have accused the country's government of a systematicperpetration of violence against minority groups. Local activist groups have become increasinglyvociferous as the volume of traffic passingthrough the village has grown. a martyred civil rights activist a green activist

idealist

a person who believes that a perfect life, situation, etc. can be achieved, even when this is not very likelyHe's too much of an idealist for this government. ​(philosophy) a person who believes in the theory of idealism (= the belief that our ideas are the only things that are real and that we can know about)

How many _________________ did you have for the job? APPLY

a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or to study at a college or university: How many applicants did you have for the job?

patient

a person who is receiving medical care, or who is cared for by a particular doctor or dentist when necessary: I'm a patient of Dr Stephens; please could I make an appointment to see her? More examples The patient had surgery on his heart. A number of patients have been successfullytreated with the new drug. There has been no significant change in the patient's condition. He has helped patients suffering from anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. This practice is responsible for about five thousand patients in this part of Leeds.

The _________________ has diagnosed a fault in the wiring. ELECTRIC You'd better get a qualified _________________ to sort this out - you don't some amateur messing around with your electrics.

a person who puts in, checks, and repairs electrical wires and electrical equipment Mehr Beispiele The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring. You'd better get a qualified electrician to sort this out - you don't some amateur messing around with your electrics.

terrorist

a person who takes part in terrorism The terrorists are threatening to blow up the plane. a terrorist attack/bomb/group

talker

a person who talks a lot, too much, or in a particular way: He's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.

handler (Anwender)

a person who trains and is in charge of animals, especially dogs: police dog handlers

matchmaker

a person who tries to arrange marriages or relationships between others

The _________________ of free speech is unknown to them. CONCEPTION It is very difficult to define the _________________ of beauty. I failed to grasp the film's central _________________. Kleenbrite is a whole new _________________ in toothpaste!

a principle or idea: The concept of free speech is unknown to them. It is very difficult to define the concept of beauty. I failed to grasp the film's central concept. Kleenbrite is a whole new concept in toothpaste!

This camera came with a carrying case, zoom lens, tripod - the ____________. REWORK

all the extra things that may be offered with something: This camera came with a carrying case, zoom lens, tripod - the works.

largely

almost completely: a largely male company Their complaints have been largely ignored. Until recently the civil war had been largely unreported in the press. Mehr Beispiele The west of the city was largely unaffected by the bombing. The success of almost any project depends largely on its manager. Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal preference. The audience was composed largely of young people.

revaluation

an act of estimating the value of something again, especially giving it a higher value ​an increase in the value of the money of one country when it is exchanged for the money of anotherthe revaluation of the pound

payement

an amount of money paid: Usually we ask for payment on receipt of the goods. We need a deposit of £165 followed by twelve monthly payments of £60. When is the first payment due?

illusion

an idea or belief that is not true: He had no illusions about his talents as a singer. I'm under no illusions (= I understand the truth)about the man I married. My boss is labouring under the illusion that (= wrongly believes that) the project will be completedon time. C2 [ C ]something that is not really what it seems to be: A large mirror in a room can create the illusion ofspace. The impression of calm in the office is just an illusion.

eruption

an occasion when a volcano explodes, and flames and rocks come out of it; (of a volcano) the act of doing this: a volcanic eruption Around the year 600, the eruption of a nearby volcano buried Ceren's buildings. Mehr Beispiele Scientists fear that a volcanic eruption on the Canary Island of La Palma will send a chunk of island collapsing into the sea. Pompeii is famed for its burial by an eruption of Italy's Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. Recent eruptions have claimed the lives of journalists and scientists.

transaction

an occasion when someone buys or sellssomething, or when money is exchanged or the activity of buying or selling something: a business transaction Each transaction at the foreign exchange counterseems to take forever. We need to monitor the transaction of smaller deals. More examples You can call your bank and perform a transaction using a Touch-Tone phone. The legality of the transaction is still under adjudication in the courts. There was no financial transaction between us.

insistence

an occasion when you demand something and refuse to accept opposition, or when you say firmly that something is true: Insistence on better working conditions by the union has resulted in fewer employee absences. At her father's insistence, Amelia's been moved into a new class. [ + that ] Her insistence that she should have the best room annoyed everyone.

resolution

an official decision that is made after a group or organization has voted: to approve/adopt a resolution [ + to infinitive ] The United Nations passed (= votedto support) a resolution to increase aid to developing nations. C2 [ C ]a promise to yourself to do or to not do something: [ + to infinitive ] I made a resolution to give up chocolate. More examples The resolution calls for a durable peacesettlement. The resolution was carried by 210 votes to 160. "Have you made any New Year's resolutions?" "Yes, I'm going to eat more healthily and give up smoking."

Free information will be sent out on _________________ to the central office. APPLY I've sent off _________________ for four different jobs. Have you filled in the _________________ form for your passport yet? Argentina has submitted an _________________ to host the World Cup.

an official request for something, usually in writing: a letter of application Free information will be sent out on application to (= if you ask) the central office. I've sent off applications for four different jobs. Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet? [ + to infinitive ] Argentina has submitted an application to host the World Cup.

seemingly

appearing to be something, especially when this is not true: He remains confident and seemingly untroubled by his recent problems. according to the facts that you know: The factory closure is seemingly inevitable. Seemingly, she's gone to live with another man.

Their homes are ________________ shipping containers. CONVERT The restaurant is a ________________ warehouse with long wooden tables. You can stay in a ________________ monastery. He rides a ________________ road bike.

having changed in form or character, or been made suitable for a different use: Their homes are converted shipping containers. The restaurant is a converted warehouse with long wooden tables. You can stay in a converted monastery. He rides a converted road bike.

minor

having little importance, influence, or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type: a minor operation It's only a minor problem. There's been an increase in minor offences, such as traffic violations and petty theft. She suffered only minor injuries. It requires a few minor adjustments. a minor poet of the 16th century

densely

having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through: dense fog a dense forest The body was found hidden in dense undergrowth. Synonymthick (CLOSE TOGETHER)

admirable

having qualities that you admire and respectSYNONYM commendable Her dedication to her work was admirable. He made his points with admirable clarity. They've done an admirable job in making sure that all the supplies got through.

overdrawn

having taken more money out of your bank account than the account contained, or (of a bank account) having had more money taken from it than was originally in it: They were overdrawn by £150, so they couldn't write any cheques. The account was overdrawn.

governing

having the power to govern a country or an organization: the governing body of the school

speed

how fast something moves: He was travelling at a speed of 90 mph. The car has a top speed of 155 miles per hour. You should lower/reduce your speed as you approach a junction. On a clear, straight road you can gather/pick up speed. He came off the road while driving his car round a bend at high/breakneck speed (= very fast). There are speed restrictions (= controls on how fast traffic is allowed to move) on this part of the road.

idealise

idealize somebody/something to consider or represent somebody/something as being perfect or better than they really are It is tempting to idealize the past. an idealized view of married life

In a _____________ vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests. HISTORY

important or likely to be important in history: historic buildings a historic day/moment In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests.

significant

important or noticeable: There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years. The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries.

worthwhile

important, pleasant, interesting, etc.; worth spending time, money or effort on It was in aid of a worthwhile cause (= a charity, etc.) a worthwhile discussion/job The smile on her face made it all worthwhile. We all felt we had done something worthwhile for the local community. worthwhile for somebody to do something High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. worthwhile to do something It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.

intimately

in a very close and friendly wayThe characters in the film become intimately involved in each other's lives. ​in a private and personal, and often a sexual, wayShe was talking intimately with a young man.They touched each other intimately.

selectively

in a way that affects or involves only a small number of people or things from a larger groupThe product will be selectively marketed in the US (= only in some areas).The cattle have not been selectively bred for beef or milk. ​in a way that shows care being taken about what or who is chosenAcademia must engage with the media selectively and on its own terms.

He _________________ delayed the decision as long as he could. She was explicably amazed going through all these details. EXPLAIN

in a way that can be explained: He explicably delayed the decision as long as he could. She was explicably amazed going through all these details.

___________________, the men were never questioned about where the explosives came from. EXPLAIN An experienced sailor had ___________________ disappeared in calm waters.

in a way that cannot be explained or understood: Inexplicably, the men were never questioned about where the explosives came from. An experienced sailor had inexplicably disappeared in calm waters.

unspeakably

in a way that cannot be expressed in words, usually because it is too bad or shocking: The room was unspeakably dirty. He described fox hunting as unspeakably cruel.

provocatively

in a way that causes thought about interestingsubjects: The comics featured stories that dealtprovocatively with the environment, racism, and sex. A woman was provocatively cast in the lead role

artificially

in a way that copies something naturalartificially created lakes ​in a way that has been caused by people rather than existing or happening naturally

unfavourably

in a way that does not give you an advantage or a good chance of success: The salaries compare unfavourably to other fields of work. It was only a small country, unfavourably situated, with an indifferent soil. in a negative way that shows that you do not like something: You might look at her home routine and compare it very unfavourably with my busy job in the city. I will look unfavourably at people who can't be bothered to turn up for training.

ineffectively

in a way that does not produce the effects or results that are wanted: The government is dealing ineffectively with these economic problems. A crack in the plane's wing had been ineffectively repaired.

threateningly

in a way that expresses a threat of something unpleasant or violent: The enemy plane came threateningly close. Three men stood threateningly over them. Siehethreatening Mehr Beispiele "Why did you lie?" she whispered threateningly. The troops positioned themselves threateningly outside the town. He shook his fist threateningly.

They argue _______________. CONTINUE The teacher was angry because a student _______________ interrupted him during the lesson. CONTINUE

in a way that happens repeatedly: They argue continually. The teacher was angry because a student continually interrupted him during the lesson.

powerfully

in a way that has a very great effect: He argued powerfully and persuasively against capital punishment. in a way that has a lot of strength or force: She kicked the ball so powerfully that it flew over the hedge. Klaus is a very powerfully built man.

objectively

in a way that is based on facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings: Judges must weigh the evidence logically and objectively. Try to look at the situation objectively.

elusively

in a way that is difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: He remained elusively in the background all evening. "Oh, it just depends if it's a good day or a bad day," she said elusively.

I find myself __________________________ repeating the same phrases. END The clear, blue-green waters of Lake Michigan appear to go on __________________________.

in a way that is endless (= never finishing, or seeming never to finish): I find myself endlessly repeating the same phrases. The clear, blue-green waters of Lake Michigan appear to go on endlessly.

expressively

in a way that is expressive (= showing what someone thinks or feels): She danced the part of Giselle very expressively. The old woman shrugged expressively. Sieheexpressive Mehr Beispiele At 38, with a big smile and an expressively lined face, he dreams of opening a restaurant in Las Vegas. The chorus sang expressively and well, with a big dynamic range. Comics know how to use their voice expressively and how to bring things to life in a certain way.

fruitfully

in a way that is fruitful (= producing good results): I was looking for a way for the schools to collaborate fruitfully. To get the most from your life you need to fill it fruitfully.

fruitlessly

in a way that is fruitless (= unsuccessful or producing nothing of value): Five days of talks ended fruitlessly. I was trying fruitlessly to fall asleep on the hard ground.

meaningfully

in a way that is intended to express a feeling or thought without saying it directly: She tilted her head meaningfully towards him. in a way that has meaning and makes sense: Some forms of dementia can render a patient unable to communicate meaningfully. Mehr Beispiele She glanced meaningfully at her three younger sisters. You could always count on a good poem to make them cry or sigh meaningfully. The passages of historical exposition need to be spoken slowly and more meaningfully.

humanely

in a way that is kind towards people and animals by making sure they do not suffer more than is necessary to treat somebody humanely meat that has been humanely produced The dog was humanely destroyed.

spaciously

in a way that is large and has a lot of space: The restaurant is spaciously arranged on the first floor. The houses are spaciously laid out in crescentsaround a central green. Seespacious More examples It is a spaciously laid-out village with many fineold houses. The camp began as a collection of spaciously sited tents. We waited in the office block's spaciously soaring lobby.

preferably

in a way that is more attractive or more suitable; in a way that is preferred to other ways We're looking for a new house, preferably one near the school.

negligently

in a way that is not careful enough, or does not give enough attention to people or things that are your responsibility: Professionals do occasionally act negligently. She was accused of negligently causing his death.

inadequately

in a way that is not enough, or not good enough to be inadequately prepared/insured/funded Staff seemed poorly briefed and inadequately trained.

conservatively

in a way that is not fashionable or modern: I dress more conservatively for the office. He dresses conservatively, usually but not always in a dark suit. carefully, often in a way that suggests that you do not like change: They continued to run the company conservatively. The drugs are generally safe if used properly and conservatively.

insignificantly

in a way that is not large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticed

unofficially

in a way that is not official, or not from a person in authority, the government, etc: They said she had unofficially agreed to the idea. Unofficially, police estimated there to be 200,000 demonstrators. Seeunofficial More examples The amount of the payment is unofficially reported to be $7.5 million. He is expected to meet unofficially with members of Congress. Some of the data in the survey were released unofficially in August.

The film makes no attempt to be ____________________ accurate. STORY The city will provide grants to help restore ____________________ significant buildings.

in a way that is related to the study or representation of the past: The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate. The city will provide grants to help restore historically significant buildings.

It's easy to spend money ______________. WISE ______________, she and her husband had paid for flights before obtaining visas.

in a way that is stupid and likely to cause problems: It's easy to spend money unwisely. Unwisely, she and her husband had paid for flightsbefore obtaining visas.

uncharitably

in a way that is unkind or unfair: She thought uncharitably that he looked like a gangster. He stopped himself from thinking uncharitably about someone who had helped him. Seeuncharitable More examples The move might be described, uncharitably, as an act of desperation. "Serves him right," Virginia thoughtuncharitably. A foreign commentator uncharitably compared him to a cold pizza when he took office.

These goals are ______________________ important to Peter. MOMENT The Security Council met ______________________ two years ago to agree on a resolution which led to war.

in a way that is very important because of effects on future events: These goals are momentously important to Peter. The Security Council met momentously two years ago to agree on a resolution which led to war.

impersonally

in a way that lacks friendly human feelings or atmosphere and may make you feel unimportantHe treated her coldly and impersonally, like a stranger. ​in a way that does not refer to any particular person; in a way that is not concerned with people as individualsThe doctors learn to look at patients impersonally.

Their working system is based on the belief that people work more ______________________ in a team. in a way that has good or useful results. PRODUCT Keeping children ______________________ occupied during the summer holidays can be a challenge.

in a way that produces or results in a large amount of something: Their working system is based on the belief that people work more productively in a team. in a way that has good or useful results: Keeping children productively occupied during the summer holidays can be a challenge.

criminally

in a way that relates to committing or punishing crimes: We allege that his behaviour was criminally negligent. He is too young to be held criminally responsible. in a way that is very bad or morally wrong: Car parking at an airport is criminally expensive. humorous They have a really good chicken dishwith a sauce that is criminally delicious.

structurally

in a way that relates to how parts of a system or object are arranged, or to the structure of a building or similar object: Few buildings were left structurally safe after the earthquake. Structurally, the movie is far from perfect. Seestructural More examples Structurally speaking, the towers performedwell. They have made a great effort to keep the budget structurally balanced. The design of the house was structurally sound. The building had recently been renovated and structurally reinforced.

Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she ________________ died. EVENTUAL It might take him ages but he'll do it ________________. Synonym finally

in the end, especially after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc.: Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she eventually died. It might take him ages but he'll do it eventually. Synonym finally

Try not to be distracted by _____________ details. INCIDENT The points you make are true, but they're _____________ to the main problem.

less important than the thing something is connected with or part of: Try not to be distracted by incidental details. The points you make are true, but they're incidental to the main problem.

dominant

more important, strong, or noticeable than anything else of the same type: a dominant military power Unemployment will be a dominant issue at the next election. BIOLOGY specializedA dominant gene is one that always produces a particular characteristic in a person, plant, or animal: The gene for brown eyes is dominant. Comparerecessive

unsteady

moving slightly from side to side, as if you might fall: She's been in bed with flu, and she's still a little unsteady on her feet. likely to change, in a way that is worrying: The report showed unemployment surging in an already unsteady economy.

negligent

not being careful or giving enough attention to people or things that are your responsibility: The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerouswater.

unused

not being used at the moment; never having been used The house was left unused for most of the year. Any unused pastry can be frozen and used at a later date. The meeting rooms are left unused for long periods. a mass of hitherto unused material

The project has been postponed for an ________________ period. an indefinite number of people. DEFINITE

not exact, not clear, or without clear limits: The project has been postponed for an indefinite period. an indefinite number of people.

How lovely to see you here - this really is an _________________ pleasure! EXPECT The show's producers are not offering any details of the new season, except to say expect the _________________. Everyone involved in emergency drills knows to expect the _________________.

not expected: Her resignation was completely unexpected. How lovely to see you here - this really is an unexpected pleasure! expect the unexpected used to say that surprising or strange things are likely to happen: The show's producers are not offering any details of the new season, except to say expect the unexpected. Everyone involved in emergency drills knows to expect the unexpected.

longhand

ordinary writing by hand writing done by hand usually with a pen or pencil: He wrote the confession in longhand and signed it.

outdo

outdo somebody/something to do more or better than somebody elseSYNONYM beat Sometimes small firms can outdo big business when it comes to customer care. Not to be outdone (= not wanting to let somebody else do better), she tried again. The brothers tried to outdo each other in everything.

overdo

overdo something to do something too much; to make something seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really isShe really overdid the sympathy (= and so did not seem sincere). ​overdo something to use too much of somethingDon't overdo the salt in the food.Use illustrations where appropriate but don't overdo it.

might

past simple of the verb may, used especially when reporting what someone has said, thought, asked, etc.: I brought him some sandwiches because I thought he might be hungry. Very politely the little boy asked if he might have another piece of cake (= he said "May I have another piece of cake, please?"). More examples "I thought you might have helped, " she replied peevishly. He wrote to me last week regarding a business proposition he thought might interest me.

humanities

people in general He was found guilty of crimes against humanity.

humanity

people in general He was found guilty of crimes against humanity.

ideal

perfect; most suitable an ideal location/place ideal for somebody/somethingThis beach is ideal for children. She's the ideal candidate for the job. The trip to Paris will be an ideal opportunity to practise my French. The prime minister admitted the current situation was 'not ideal' (= was bad). It was not the ideal solution to the problem. Harvesting is being done in less than ideal conditions.

personalise

personalize something to mark something in some way to show that it belongs to a particular personAll the towels were personalized with their initials.This program enables faxes to be personalized automatically. ​personalize something to design or change something so that it is suitable for the needs of a particular personAll our courses are personalized to the needs of the individual.

intentional

planned or intended: Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional?

satisfied

pleased because you have achieved something or because something that you wanted to happen has happened a satisfied customer a satisfied smile satisfied with somebody/something She's never satisfied with what she's got. The Olympic athlete was satisfied with her performance. They were not satisfied with the outcome of the talks. OPPOSITE dissatisfied

appreciation

pleasure that you have when you recognize and enjoy the good qualities of somebody/something She shows little appreciation of good music. in appreciation The crowd murmured in appreciation.

avoidable

possible to avoid: A number of illnesses are entirely avoidable. In spite of these latest threats, war may still be avoidable.

surmountable

possible to deal with or solve successfully: The challenges should all be surmountable. These are major but surmountable obstacles. Siehesurmount Mehr Beispiele So she considers her disability a surmountable hurdle that she simply adjusts for. Officials have said they believe the discrimination problem, though difficult, is surmountable.

pursue

pursue something to do something or try to achieve something over a period of time to pursue a goal to pursue an aim/objective How can we most effectively pursue these aims? We intend to pursue this policy with determination. She wishes to pursue a medical career. I was determined to pursue my dream of becoming an actor. Many communities are aggressively pursuing plans to preserve open spaces. I wasn't sure I wanted to pursue dance as a career.

He's a very ________________ worker. SPEED We need to take ________________ action/make a speedy decision. Everyone is hoping for a speedy end to the conflict (= hoping that an end to it will happen quickly). We wished her a ________________ recovery from her illness (= that she would get better quickly).

quick: He's a very speedy worker. We need to take speedy action/make a speedy decision. Everyone is hoping for a speedy end to the conflict (= hoping that an end to it will happen quickly). We wished her a speedy recovery from her illness (= that she would get better quickly).

structural

relating to the way in which parts of a system or object are arranged: The political reforms have led to major structural changes in the economy. More examples a structural engineer structural design

__________________ conditions/practices in the mill have hardly changed over the last 20 years. She has a difficult working relationship with many of her employees. WORK

relating to work: a 37-hour working week Working conditions/practices in the mill have hardly changed over the last 20 years. She has a difficult working relationship with many of her employees.

loyal

remaining constant in your support of somebody/somethingSYNONYM true a loyal friend/supporter loyal to somebody/something She has always remained loyal to her political principles. OPPOSITE disloyal

worded

said or written with particular words: a carefully/strongly worded statement The question was worded in such a way that there could only be one answer.

responsive

saying or doing something as a reaction to something or someone, especially in a quick or positive way: a responsive engine a responsive audience She wasn't responsive to questioning. able to be improved or cured by a treatment: The disease has proved responsive to the new treatment. Oppositeunresponsive More examples The car's transmission is much smoother and more responsive than previous models. School leaders can to make their schools more responsive to diverse ethnic, linguistic, and religious student groups.

relate

show or make a connection between two or more thingsSYNONYM connect relate something I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind. relate A to B In the future, pay increases will be related to productivity. Attempts to relate studies on animals to those on humans are not really comparing like with like.

prejudiced

showing an unreasonable dislike for something or someone: The campaign is designed to make people less prejudiced about AIDS. The media has been accused of presenting a prejudiced view of people with disabilities. Some companies are prejudiced against taking on employees who are over the age of 40.

favourable

showing that you like or approve of someone or something: We have had a favourable response to the plan so far. B2making you support or approve of someone or something: She made a very favourable impression on us.

expressive

showing what someone thinks or feels: an expressive face expressive hands be expressive of sth formal showing a particular feeling: The final movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is expressive of joy.

matchless

so good that nothing can be compared with itSYNONYM incomparable matchless beauty/skill

Today, we see growing acceptance of gay marriage- something that would have been ______________________ a generation ago. THINK

so shocking that it cannot be imagined as possible: Today, we see growing acceptance of gay marriage- something that would have been unthinkable a generation ago.

dependant

someone who depends on you for financialsupport, such as a child or family member who does not work: My pension will provide for my dependants.

For a moment, she was certain the _______________ was going to hit the teen. COME

someone who has recently arrived in a place or recently become involved in an activity: For a moment, she was certain the newcomer was going to hit the teen.

The famous jazz musician Duke Ellington was a composer, ________________, and pianist. ARRANGE

someone who makes changes to a piece of musicso that it can be played in a different way or by a different instrument: The famous jazz musician Duke Ellington was a composer, arranger, and pianist.

objector (Einwender)

someone who objects to something or someone: 200 objectors were present at the inquiry. a conscientious objector Synonymedissenter formaldissident

Her father was an eminent _____________. HISTORY This is the acclaimed _____________ John Taylor's first sortie into fiction. Some _____________ think that history repeats itself. The archive is a goldmine for _____________. The book was written by an amateur local _____________.

someone who writes about or studies history Mehr Beispiele Her father was an eminent historian. This is the acclaimed historian John Taylor's first sortie into fiction. Some historians think that history repeats itself. The archive is a goldmine for historians. The book was written by an amateur local historian.

You can't give away Granny's old bookcase - it's a valuable _______________. ANTIQUITY My mother collects _______________. These kids make me feel like an _______________. This is a recipe from my childhood, which I guess makes it an _______________.

something made in an earlier period that is collected and considered to have value because it is beautiful, rare, old, or of high quality: You can't give away Granny's old bookcase - it's a valuable antique. My mother collects antiques. humoroussomeone or something very old or old-fashioned: These kids make me feel like an antique. This is a recipe from my childhood, which I guess makes it an antique.

connection

something that connects two facts, ideas, etc.SYNONYM link connection between A and BScientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease. connection with something a direct/close/strong connection with something His resignation must have some connection with the recent scandal. connection to somethingConsumers are more likely to buy something from a person or shop they feel a personal connection to. How did you make the connection(= realize that there was a connection between two facts that did not seem to be related)?

enviable

something that is enviable is the sort of thing that is good and that other people want to have too He is in the enviable position of having two job offers to choose from. OPPOSITE unenviableRELATED NOUN envy

They do a range of skin-care ______________. PRODUCTIVE The ______________ is so good it sells itself. I'm trying to cut down on dairy ______________.

something that is made to be sold, usually something that is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is grown or obtained through farming: They do a range of skin-care products. The product is so good it sells itself. I'm trying to cut down on dairy products.

indicator

something that shows what a situation is like: Commodity prices can be a useful indicator ofinflation, he claimed. an economic indicator

exclamation

something you say or shout suddenly because of surprise, fear, pleasure, etc.: an exclamation of delight Mehr Beispiele We all jumped up from our seats, with exclamations of surprise. The man gave an exclamation and clasped both hands to his chest. We heard exclamations of rage and frustration coming from the other room as he struggled to fix the problem. In Enid Blyton books, the children are always uttering excited exclamations, especially about food!

exclamation

something you say or shout suddenly because of surprise, fear, pleasure, etc.: an exclamation of delight Mehr Beispiele We all jumped up from our seats, with exclamations of surprise. The man gave an exclamation and clasped both hands to his chest. We heard exclamations of rage and frustration coming from the other room as he struggled to fix the problem. In Enid Blyton books, the children are always uttering excited exclamations, especially about food! With an exclamation of disgust, she drew back and covered her face.

mysterious

strange, not known, or not understood: She's an actress whose inner life has remained mysterious, despite the many interviews she has given. He died in mysterious circumstances, and there is still a possibility that it was murder.

effective

successful or achieving the results that you want: It's an extremely effective cure for a headache. The lighting for the production made a very effective use of shadow. She's a very effective teacher.

awfully

terribly I'm awfully sorry about that problem the other day. That name sounds awfully familiar. I'm not awfully keen on fish.

Don't worry - all that stolen stuff is _________________. PLACE Electronic devices intended to run off _________________ batteries. Don't worry - all that stolen stuff is _________________. Electronic devices intended to run off _________________ batteries.

that can be replaced: Don't worry - all that stolen stuff is replaceable. electronic devices intended to run off replaceable batteries Seereplace More examples The cartridge is removable and replaceable. These workers are poorly skilled and easily replaceable. Avoid disposables by buying toothbrushes and razors with replaceable heads.

observable

that can be seen or noticed observable differences Similar trends are observable in mainland Europe. The political crisis seems to be having little observable effect on share prices.

reusable

that can be used again reusable plastic bottles

imitative

that copies somebody/something movies that encourage imitative crime His work has been criticized for being imitative and shallow. The style is imitative of Basque architecture.

The area is notorious for low turnout, making voter _________________ crucial. MOBILITY The government pledged an all-out _________________ to get millions of stranded migrant workers home .

the act of organizing or preparing something, such as a group of people, for a purpose: The area is notorious for low turnout, making voter mobilization crucial. The government pledged an all-out mobilization to get millions of stranded migrant workers home .

underpayment

the act of paying someone too little for the work they do, or an occasion when this happens: Problems included underpayments to some employees.

repayment

the act of repaying someone or something: mortgage repayments The bank demanded immediate repayment.

substantiation

the act of showing something to be true, or of supporting a claim with facts: The company produced receipts in substantiationof its claim. The criticisms were without factual substantiation. Seesubstantiate More examples He was surprised at the lack of factualsubstantiation in the report. We have substantiation of every single thing that is said in every ad. There is no scientific substantiation for the assertion that HIV is mutating.

He favoured the _____________________ of laboratory studies of dolphins. CONTINUE With success in eradicating smallpox, there was a discontinuation of immunizations.

the act of stopping doing or providing something: He favoured the discontinuation of laboratory studies of dolphins. With success in eradicating smallpox, there was a discontinuation of immunizations.

prevention

the act of stopping something from happening or of stopping someone from doing something: crime prevention The organization is committed to AIDS prevention and education. More examples As far as health is concerned, it is often said that prevention is better than cure. His research in the field of disease prevention produced unexpected results. Accident prevention must be viewed as a priority. fire prevention officers Health education in the local population is crucial to the prevention of killer diseases.

consideration

the act of thinking about something carefully: After some consideration, we've decided to sell the house. The whole matter needs (to be given) careful consideration. Mehr Beispiele As I was just saying, I think the proposal needs further consideration. Three sites are presently under consideration for the new hotel. I've put my proposition to the company director for his consideration. The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration.

observation

the act of watching somebody/something carefully for a period of time, especially to learn something Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour. results based on scientific observations We managed to escape observation (= we were not seen). under observation The suspect is being kept under observation (= watched closely by the police).

The investigation found evidence of a serious _________________ of funds. APPLY The defendant knew about the possible _________________ of proceeds.

the act or process of using something badly, wrongly, or in a way that was not intended: The investigation found evidence of a serious misapplication of funds. The defendant knew about the possible misapplication of proceeds.

persuasion

the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded: It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the new plan. She will help you - she just needs a little gentlepersuasion. The occasion will be a test of the senator's powers of persuasion (= his ability to persuadepeople).

The ______________ of the strike caused a lot of hardship. CONTINUE It's just a ______________ of the bigger river, but with a different name.

the fact of continuing or a thing that continues or follows from something else: The continuation of the strike caused a lot of hardship. It's just a continuation of the bigger river, but with a different name.

uselessness

the fact of not being useful; the fact of not doing or achieving what is needed or wanted He was overwhelmed by feelings of uselessness.

unfamiliarity

the fact of not knowing or recognizing somebody/somethingthe unfamiliarity of these new faces ​unfamiliarity (with something)the fact of having no knowledge or experience of somethingHe admits his relative unfamiliarity with this literature.

__________________________ levels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year. EMPLOY How long have you been looking for __________________________?

the fact of someone being paid to work for a company or organization: Employment levels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year. How long have you been looking for employment?

objectivity (Objektivität)

the fathe fact of being based on facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings: Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible? We should not lose our objectivity as we respond to the attack.ct of being based on facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings: Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible? We should not lose our objectivity as we respond to the attack.

His response was one of complete _______________. BELIEF She shook her head in _______________.

the feeling of not being able to believe that something is true or real: His response was one of complete disbelief. She shook her head in disbelief.

envy

the feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as somebody else; the feeling of wanting something that somebody else hasSYNONYM jealousy (1) envy (of somebody) He couldn't conceal his envy of me. envy (at/of something) She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success. They looked with envy at her latest purchase. Her colleagues were green with envy (= they had very strong feelings of envy).

government

the group of people who officially control a country: the government of Israel The government is/are expected to announceits/their tax proposals today. The minister has announced that there will be no change in government policy. Senior government officials will be attending a meeting tomorrow. Theatre companies are very concerned about cuts in government grants to the arts. A government enquiry has been launched.

heritage

the history, traditions, buildings and objects that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character Spain's rich cultural heritage The building is part of our national heritage.

editorship

the job of being the editor of a newspaper or magazine Should there be a raid against trade unions, against the entire authorship and editorship, and all creative thought in the country?Aus Hansard archive I feel that the editorship of the local paper and the editorship of the local radio service should be quite separate.

People want love stories with happy ___________. END I didn't find the ___________ of the film very convincing. Sadly, there was no fairytale happy ___________ to the story. Knowing the ___________ already didn't spoil my enjoyment of the film. His last book had a rather strange ___________, don't you think? The playwright wrote two different ___________ to the play, so that the audience could chose which they would prefer to see.

the last part of a story: People want love stories with happy endings. More examples I didn't find the ending of the film very convincing. Sadly, there was no fairytale happy ending to the story. Knowing the ending already didn't spoil my enjoyment of the film. His last book had a rather strange ending, don't you think? The playwright wrote two different endings to the play, so that the audience could chose which they would prefer to see.

length

the measurement of something from end to end or along its longest side: The boat is ten metres in length. The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles. She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the fence (= the whole distance along it). [ C ]a piece of something such as string or pipe: a length of rope

transit

the movement of goods or people from one place to another: It is possible to make an insurance claim for any goods lost or damaged in transit. The question is whether road transit is cheaper than rail. a rapid-transit train

parentage

the origin of a person's parents and who they are a young American of German parentage Nothing is known about her parentage and background.

derivation

the origin of something, such as a word, from which another form has developed, or the new form itself the origin from which something developed: Does anyone know the derivation of the word "OK"?

He is a member of the ______________. JUDGE

the part of a country's government that is responsible for its legal system, including all the judges in the country's courts: He is a member of the judiciary.

time

the part of existence that is measured in minutes, days, years, etc., or this process considered as a whole: He wants to spend more time with his family. Time passes so quickly when you're having fun. She grew more and more fascinated by the subject as time went on/by. The curtains have faded over/with time (= as years have gone past). You'll forget her in time (= in the future).

unintended

the person that you are going to marry: I shall be there with my intended.

risk

the possibility of something bad happening: In this business, the risks and the rewards are high. There's a high risk of another accident happening in this fog. [ + (that) ] The risk (that) we might fail made us work twice as hard. [ + -ing verb ] It's always a risk starting up a new business. The company is quite a good risk (= safe to lend money to). We want clean rivers and lakes, where you can swim without risk to your health. It's a low/high-risk strategy (= one that is safe/not safe).

observance

the practice of obeying a law, celebrating a festival or behaving according to a particular custom observance (of something)observance of the lawa strict observance of the Sabbathobservance of traditional practicesOPPOSITE non-observance ​[countable, usually plural] an act performed as part of a religious or traditional ceremonyreligious observancesthe practice of obeying a law, celebrating a festival or behaving according to a particular custom observance (of something)observance of the lawa strict observance of the Sabbathobservance of traditional practicesOPPOSITE non-observance ​[countable, usually plural] an act performed as part of a religious or traditional ceremonyreligious observances

Her _________________ to Buddhism/Islam was a very gradual process.

the process of converting something from one thing to another: Solar power is the conversion of the sun's energy into heat and electricity. C2 [ C or U ]a process in which someone changes to a new religion or belief: Her conversion to Buddhism/Islam was a very gradual process. He used to be very right-wing, but he's undergone something of a conversion recently. [ C ]a place for living in that has been changed from its previous use: a barn/factory conversion [ C or U ] BUSINESS specializedthe process of getting a customer who visits a website, sees an advertisement, etc. to buy a product, or a customer who does this: The aim of the marketing is to increase conversions - that is, the number of visitors to the site who are paying customers. Although the number of responses to closely targeted ads will be lower, the conversion rate will be higher. Mehr Beispiele The program works out the currency conversions for us. She talked about her conversion to Christianity. The firm specializes in loft conversions . The drop in paid clicks turns out to coincide with more conversions into actual sales.

reaction

the process of doing something, especially when dealing with a problem or difficulty: This problem calls for swift/prompt action from the government. [ + to infinitive ] Action to prevent the spread of the disease is high on the government's agenda. We must take action (= do something) to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas. So what's the plan of action? (= What are we going to do?) The complaints system swings into action (= startsto work) as soon as a claim is made. The committee was spurred into action (= encouraged to do something) by the threat of government cuts.

individuality

the qualities that make somebody/something different from other people or things She expresses her individuality through her clothes. The plot is credible but the characters lack individuality. Every character stands out in the crowd, being true to their individualities.

Because of her __________________, she had few friends. SENSE He was a little ashamed of his __________________ to criticism.

the quality of being easily upset by the things people say or do: Because of her sensitiveness, she had few friends. He was a little ashamed of his sensitiveness to criticism.

goodness

the quality of being good the essential goodness of human nature evidence of God's goodness (formal) At least have the goodness(= good manners) to look at me when I'm talking to you. We like to think that goodness exists in everyone.

solidity

the quality of being hard or firm, not a liquid or gas the quality of being certain or strong: The agreement would give a new solidity to military cooperation between the two countries.

spaciousness

the quality of being large and having a lot of space: The building has a feeling of spaciousness and light. Drivers say they like the vehicle's spaciousness. Seespacious More examples The air was rank and close despite the spaciousness of the cabin. Many people left New York for the spaciousness of the West. Even downtown, there is a sense of spaciousness that's hard to find in most cities.

aggressiveness

the quality of being likely to attack other people or animals, or to behave in a violent or angry way towards them: There were concerns about the child's disruptiveness and aggressiveness. These dogs are bred for aggressiveness. More examples An animal's inherited temperament includestraits such as obedience, playfulness, and aggressiveness. Our addiction to oil feeds belligerence, aggressiveness, and war. Wherever oil is drilled, people are killed for profit. Maltreated children display a greater numberof negative behaviours (such as aggressiveness, delinquency, self-harm).

strength

the quality of being physically strong He pushed against the rock with all his strength. It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. She gradually regained strength in her legs. He had a physical strength that matched his outward appearance. strength to do something She didn't have the strength to walk any further.

rigidity

the quality of being stiff, fixed, or impossible to bend: Cables lack the rigidity of wires. The roof has special beams to increase rigidity. Mehr Beispiele Minerals provide bone with its rigidity. The case is a two-piece aluminum housing shaped for high rigidity. Parkinson's disease causes uncontrollable tremors and muscular rigidity.

wildness

the quality of being uncontrolled, violent, or extreme: They are no longer able to claim the wildness of youth as any excuse for their behaviour. There was an almost savage wildness about him. Siehewild Mehr Beispiele She dances with an animal wildness. I want my kids to experience some of the wildness and the freedom I had. There's a kind of controlled wildness to her appearance.

meaninglessness

the quality of having no meaning: Her certainty was matched only by the utter meaninglessness of her reply. The only possible redemption for the apparent meaninglessness of existence was human kindness. the quality of having no importance or value: He preached about generosity, neighbourlylove, and the meaninglessness of worldly wealth. The song is about is about the meaninglessness of good intentions.

improbability

the quality of not being likely to happen or be true, or something that is not likely to happen or be true: a statistical/mathematical improbability I had to laugh at the improbability of the situation. Sieheimprobable Mehr Beispiele That the town had escaped the wildfire still seemed an improbability. He was amused at the improbability of becoming a minor celebrity. There are some holes in the plot of the film and a few improbabilities.

Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, ____________________ increases. PRODUCT A ____________________ bonus/incentive. ________________ in the steel industry improved by five percent last year.

the rate at which a company or country makes goods, usually judged in connection with the number of people and the amount of materials necessary to produce the goods: Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases. a productivity bonus/incentive Productivity in the steel industry improved by five percent last year.

motivation

the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way motivation (behind something)What is the motivation behind this sudden change? motivation for (doing) somethingMost people said that pay was their main motivation for working. ​ [uncountable] the feeling of wanting to do something, especially something that involves hard work and effortHe's intelligent enough but he lacks motivation.

ecology

the relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants, etc., usually of a particular area, or the scientific study of this: The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast. She hopes to study ecology at college.

dependence

the situation in which you need something or someone all the time, especially in order to continue existing or operating: The company needs to reduce its dependence onjust one particular product. Drug dependence led to her early death. She has developed a deep dependence on him (= she needs him emotionally). More examples The region's complete dependence on tourismis rather worrying. All her life she had a childlike dependence on the people around her. Gradually her dependence on alcohol becameobvious to everyone.

mountaineering

the sport or activity of climbing mountains As in other epic tales of mountaineering, the mountain becomes a parable for war + war as the crucible of virility.From the Cambridge English Corpus What of mountaineering, horse riding, football and rugby, where in each case the figures for deaths are higher?

quality

the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad something is Improving the quality of care for nursing home residents is a priority. When costs are cut product quality suffers. of... quality The soil here is of poor quality. The food is fresh and of good quality. His goal was of top quality.

obsession

the state in which a person's mind is completely filled with thoughts of one particular thing or person in a way that is not normal Her fear of flying is bordering on obsession. obsession with somebody/something There's a national obsession with celebrity in England. The media's obsession with the young prince continues.

elusiveness

the state of being difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: The work's prime focus is on the elusiveness of identity - how we try to define ourselves. The rainbow trout is prized by fishermen for its elusiveness.

perfection

the state of being perfect physical perfection The novel achieves a perfection of form that is quite new. His performance was perfection (= something perfect). to perfection The fish was cooked to perfection.

restlessness

the state of being unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a changethe restlessness of youth ​the state of being unable to rest or sleep properlyShe was suffering from headaches and restlessness at night.

magnificence

the state of being very good, beautiful, or deserving to be admired: the splendour and magnificence of the Pyramids The film boasts a visual and emotional magnificence.

self

the type of person you are, especially the way you normally behave, look or feel You'll soon be feeling your old selfagain (= feeling well or happy again). He's not his usual happy self this morning. Only with a few people could she be her real self (= show what she was really like rather than what she pretended to be). his private/professional self (= how he behaves at home/work)

racism

the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race; violent behaviour towards them a victim of racism ugly outbreaks of racism the urgent need to address institutional racism within the organization It is important to identify root causes that perpetuate systemic racism in the city. structural/casual racism Half a million people held a mass protest against racism last night.

activism

the use of direct and noticeable action to achievea result, usually a political or social one: black/student activism The levels of political activism in this country have greatly declined. More examples Human rights activists have accused the country's government of a systematicperpetration of violence against minority groups. Local activist groups have become increasinglyvociferous as the volume of traffic passingthrough the village has grown. a martyred civil rights activist a green activist

relationship

the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other a personal/working relationship a master-servant relationship This is an opportunity to buildpositive customer relationships. relationship between A and B The relationship between the police and the local community has improved. the bilateral relationship between the US and China

We're going to _________________ the spare bedroom into an office. CONVERT

to (cause something or someone to) change in form or character: Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom? What's the formula for converting pounds into kilograms? Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to make different alter We've had to alter our plans. vary Try to vary the children's diet a little. convert We're going to convert the spare bedroom into an office. turn intoThere are plans to turn his latest book into a film. transformThe riverside area has been transformed into a shopping and sports complex.

acknowledge

to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something: [ + -ing verb ] She acknowledged having been at fault. [ + that ] She acknowledged that she had been at fault. You must acknowledge the truth of her argument. Historians generally acknowledge her as a geniusin her field. [ + obj + to infinitive ] She is usually acknowledged tobe one of our best artists. They refused to acknowledge (= to recognizeofficially) the new government. He didn't even acknowledge my presence (= show that he had seen me). The government won't even acknowledge the existence of the problem.

declare

to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly, or officially: They declared their support for the proposal [ + (that) ] She declared (that) it was the best chocolate cake she had ever tasted. [ + obj + (to be) + noun/adj ] They declared themselves (to be) bankrupt. [ + speech ] "I won't do it!" he declared. America declared war on Japan in 1941 (= announced officially that it was at war).

reappear

to appear again after not being heard of or seen for a period of time She went upstairs and did not reappear until morning. The moon reappeared from behind a cloud.

stand

to be in a vertical state or to put into a vertical state, especially (of a person or animal) by making the legs straight: Granny says if she stands for a long time her ankles hurt. As a sign of politeness you should stand (up) when she comes in. Stand still and be quiet! After the earthquake not a single building was left standing in the village. Stand the bottles on the table over there.

exemplify

to be or give a typical example of something: This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalisticstyle which was so popular at the time.

motivating

to be the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way motivate somebody (to do something) What motivates people to carry out such attacks? be motivated by something He is motivated entirely by self-interest.

improve

to become better than before; to make something/somebody better than before Overall the situation has improveddramatically. Things are improving every day. You should see your score improve significantly. Working conditions have greatly improved. His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.

enlarge

to become bigger or to make something bigger: They've enlarged the kitchen by building over part of the garden. an enlarged spleen [ T ]to print a bigger copy of a photograph or document

disappear

to become impossible to seeSYNONYM vanish With that, Matt promptly disappeared. The mirror made the ceiling seem to disappear. + adv./prep. The plane disappeared behind a cloud. Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view. Lucy watched his tall figure disappear into the cafe.

strengthen

to become more powerful or effective; to make somebody/something more powerful or effective Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks. strengthen somebody/somethingThe move is clearly intended to strengthen the president's positionas head of state. The new evidence will strengthen their case. The new manager has strengthened the side by bringing in several younger players.

harden

to become or make hard: The mixture hardens as it cools. It is thought that high cholesterol levels in the blood can harden the arteries (= make them thicker and stiffer, causing disease).

fold (Falte)

to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part, or to be able to be bent in this way: I folded the letter (in half) and put it in an envelope. He had a neatly folded handkerchief in his jacketpocket. Will you help me to fold (up) the sheets? The table folds up when not in use.

After living abroad for so long, he found it difficult to ______________ to life at home. ADJUST The clock automatically ______________ when you enter a new time zone. The machines were old and constantly needed ______________ .

to change in order to fit a different situation, or to repair something slightly: After living abroad for so long, he found it difficult to readjust to life at home. The clock automatically readjusts when you enter a new time zone. The machines were old and constantly neededreadjusting.

We've had to ______________ some of our plans. ALTER Although the cost of making phone calls is going up, the charge for connecting to the internet will not ______________ . Giving up our car has radically ______________ our lifestyle.

to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change: We've had to alter some of our plans. Although the cost of making phone calls is going up, the charge for connecting to the internet will not alter. Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle.

select

to choose somebody/something from a group of people or things, usually according to a system select somebody/something for something He hasn't been selected for the team. All our hotels have been carefully selected for the excellent value they provide. select somebody/something as something She was selected as the parliamentary candidate for Bath. select somebody/something a randomly selected sample of 23 schools selected poems of T.S. Eliot This model is available at selected stores only.

enfold (einhüllen, umfassen)

to closely hold or completely cover someone or something: He enfolded her in his arms.

imply

to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly: [ + (that) ] Are you implying (that) I'm fat? I'm not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight? I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated. as sth implies C2used to show that the name, etc. of something tells you something about it: Variable rate loans, as the name implies, have a variable interest rate.

interconnect

to connect similar things; to be connected to or with similar things interconnect A with B Bad housing is interconnected with debt and poverty. interconnect A and B Bad housing, debt and poverty are interconnected. electronic networks which interconnect thousands of computers around the world interconnect (with something)separate bedrooms that interconnect The dining room interconnects with the kitchen.

reconnect

to connect something again; to connect to something again reconnect something (to something)I replaced the taps and reconnected the water supply. reconnect (to something) Once you have removed the virus it is safe to reconnect to the internet.

surmount

to deal successfully with a difficulty or problem: They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans. There are still a few technical problems/obstacles/hurdles to be surmounted before the product can be put on sale to the public.

Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling game. to ________________ difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance. COME Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class. 20,000 demonstrators sang "We shall ________________" as they marched through Washington.

to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something: Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling game. to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class. 20,000 demonstrators sang "We shall overcome" as they marched through Washington.

overstate

to describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is: The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated. The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger. Synonymexaggerate

disillusion (Ernüchterung)

to disappoint someone by telling them the unpleasant truth about something or someone that they had a good opinion of or respected: I hate to/I'm sorry to disillusion you, but pregnancyis not always wonderful - I was sick every day for six months.

play

to do things for pleasure, as children do; to enjoy yourself, rather than work You'll have to play inside today. There's a time to work and a time to play. play with somebody/something A group of kids were playing with a ball in the street. I haven't got anybody to play with! play something Let's play adifferent game.

moralise

to express judgments about what is morallyright and wrong: his parents' self-righteous moralizing

attach

to fasten or join one thing to another attach something I attach a copy of my notes for your information. A copy of his document is attached as Appendix 3 at the end of this book. attach something to somethingAttach the coupon to the front of your letter. (figurative) They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement (= said that the conditions must be part of the agreement)

evaluate

to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefullySYNONYM assess evaluate something The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs. Researchers evaluated teaching performance by comparing students' exam results. evaluate how, whether, etc... The study will critically evaluate whether this technology is useful. We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.

terrorise

to frighten and threaten people so that they will not oppose something or will do as they are told terrorize somebody drug dealers terrorizing the neighbourhood terrorize somebody into doing something People were terrorized into leaving their homes.

allotment

to give something, especially a share of something available, for a particular purpose: [ + two objects ] They allotted everyone a separate desk. They allotted a separate desk to everyone. The ministry of culture will be allotted about 15% less this year. Three hours have been allotted to/for this task. The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art.

seem

to give the effect of being; to be judged to be: He's 16, but he often seems (to be) younger. The children seemed (as if/as though/like they were) tired. I suspect his claims are not all they seem - he tends to exaggerate. Things are seldom as/how/what they seem. [ + to infinitive ] I seem to know more about him than anyone else. They seem to be taking a long time to decide. [ + (that) ] It seems (that) she can't come. It seems to me (that) (= I think that) he isn't the right person for the job.

More people are now _____________ in service industries than in manufacturing. EMPLOY We need to _____________ more supervisory staff. The firm _____________ several freelance editors. The number of people _____________ by the company has risen from 25 to 200 in three years. They've _____________ her for a six-month trial period. The problem with _____________ people who are overqualified for the job is that they often don't stay in it for long.

to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it: How many people does your company employ? Can't we employ someone as an assistant to help with all this paperwork? [ + to infinitive ] We've employed a market researcher to find out what people really want from a cable TV system. More people are now employed in service industries than in manufacturing. More examples We need to employ more supervisory staff. The firm employs several freelance editors. The number of people employed by the company has risen from 25 to 200 in three years. They've employed her for a six-month trial period. The problem with employing people who are overqualified for the job is that they often don't stay in it for long.

overhear

to hear what other people are saying without intending to and without their knowledge: I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning. [ + obj + -ing verb ] He overheard his daughter telling her doll not to be so naughty. [ + obj + infinitive without to ] We overheard them say that they didn't really like the food. I'm sorry, I couldn't help overhearing. Synonymcatch

I forgot to _________________ my season ticket. NEW I'll use this material to _________________ the chair covers.

to increase the life of or replace something old: Every year I renew my membership of the sports club. I forgot to renew my season ticket. I'll use this material to renew the chair covers.

connect

to join together two or more things; to be joined together connect A and B The towns are connected by train and bus services. connect A to B The island is connected to the mainland by a bridge. connect A with B The canal was built to connect Sheffield with the Humber estuary. The rooms on this floor connect. a connecting door (= one that connects two rooms)

assessed

to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something: The insurers will need to assess the flood damage. They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £2,500. Exams are not the only means of assessing a student's ability. It's too early to assess the long-term consequences of the two countries' union. [ + question word ] We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.

prefer

to like one thing or person better than another; to choose one thing rather than something else because you like it better prefer something 'Coffee or tea?' 'I'd prefer tea, thanks.' I would prefer it if you didn't tell anyone. A local firm is to be preferred. A short-term fixed rate is the preferred option. prefer something to something I much prefer jazz to rock music. I prefer quality to quantity.

inhabit (bewohnen)

to live in a place: These remote islands are inhabited only by birds.

destabilise

to make a government, area, or political group lose power or control, or to make a political or economic situation less strong or safe, by causing changes and problems: They uncovered a plot to destabilize the government. The conflict destabilized the whole region. Further increases in imports could destabilize the economy.

persuade

to make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to do it or by talking to that person and making them believeit: If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her. [ + (that) ] It's no use trying to persuade him (that)you're innocent. [ + to infinitive ] He is trying to persuade local and foreign businesses to invest in the project. Using a bunch of bananas, the zoo-keeper persuaded the monkey back into its cage. formal The first priority is to persuade the management of the urgency of this matter. Her legal advisers persuaded her into/out ofmentioning (= to mention/not to mention) the names of the people involved in the robbery.

demoralise

to make someone or something feel much less confident: Losing several games in a row had completelydemoralized the team.

criminalise

to make something illegal: The law has criminalized prostitution but not got rid of it. Synonymoutlaw

prolong

to make something last a longer time: We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week. She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, prolonging the pleasure.

magnify

to make something look larger than it is, especially by looking at it through a lens: Although our skin looks smooth, when magnified it is full of bumps and holes. to make a problem bigger or more important: The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community.

overact (übertreiben)

to make your voice and movements expressemotions too strongly when acting in a play, etc. Note: Do not confuse with overreact. However, the solutions are not simple, and we should not overact.From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Just like good actors in the theatre, good politicians should not overact at times of turbulence.From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English

come

to move or travel towards the speaker or with the speaker: Are you coming with me? There's a car coming! Can you come to my party? Here comes Adam.

Do you ________________ me? BELIEVE They said that they ________________ the evidence.

to not believe someone or something: Do you disbelieve me? They said that they disbelieved the evidence.

neglect

to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility: to neglect your appearance/the house He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. She's been neglecting her studies this semester. neglect to do sth C2to not do something, often because you forget: I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotelwhere I'd be staying. He neglected to mention the fact that we could losemoney on the deal.

I shall have to ____________ the pleasure of seeing you this week. GO

to not have or do something enjoyable: I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.

Mr Gubbay said yesterday that he will not be _______________ for the job. APPLY

to officially ask again for something, for example for yourself to be considered for a job, especially by writing or sending in a form: Mr Gubbay said yesterday that he will not be reapplying for the job.

overpayment

to pay back or to reward someone or something: He had to sell his car to repay the bank loan. She repaid the loan to her mother. [ + two objects ] She repaid her mother the loan. How can I ever repay you for all your kindness? Mehr Beispiele The loan must be repaid within a specified period. They've threatened to harm him if he doesn't repay the money. He said he'd repay the money the next day, and true to his word , he gave it all back to me the following morning. What are you able to provide as a surety that you will repay the loan?

overpay

to pay someone too much: I felt I should tell my boss she'd overpaid me by $50. disapproving Bankers are grossly overpaid for what they do. to pay more than originally agreed when paying back a loan, in order to reduce the cost of the loan: If you budget to overpay your mortgage on a regular basis, you can save a lot of money.

The meeting has been ________________ for Wednesday. ARRANGE They ________________ to have dinner the following month. I've already ________________ with him to meet at the cinema. She's ________________ for her son to have swimming lessons. I'd deliberately ________________ that they should arrive at the same time. We haven't yet arranged when to meet.

to plan, prepare for, or organize something: I'm trying to arrange my work so that I can have a couple of days off next week. The meeting has been arranged for Wednesday. [ + to infinitive ] They arranged to have dinner the following month. I've already arranged with him to meet at the cinema. She's arranged for her son to have swimming lessons. [ + that ] I'd deliberately arranged that they should arrive at the same time. [ + question word ] We haven't yet arranged when to meet.

manufacture

to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines: He works for a company that manufactures car parts. The report notes a rapid decline in manufactured goods. Synonymefabricate especially USmake (PRODUCE)

add

to put two or more numbers or amounts together to get a total: If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven. It's $45 - $50 if you add in (= include) the cost of postage. Don't forget to add on your travelling expenses/add your expenses on.

debrief

to question someone in detail about work they have done for you: The pilots were thoroughly debriefed after every mission. a debriefing session

disconnect

to remove a piece of equipment from a supply of gas, water or electricityFirst, disconnect the boiler from the water mains.TOPICS EngineeringC1 ​[transitive] [usually passive] to officially stop the supply of phone lines, water, electricity or gas to a building be disconnected You may be disconnected if you do not pay the bill.

observe

to see or notice somebody/something observe somebody/somethingHave you observed any changes lately? All the characters in the novel are closely observed (= seem like people in real life). I want you to observe all the details. The patterns observed in our study may represent a general rule. observe somebody/something do something The police observed a man enter the bank. observe somebody/something doing something They observed him entering the bank.

to consider

to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision: Don't make any decisions before you've considered the situation. [ + question word ] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job? [ + -ing verb ] We're considering selling the house. She's being considered for the job. I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.

appear

to start to be seen Three days later a rash appeared. Symptoms usually start appearing within two to three days. + adv./prep. A cat suddenly appeared out of nowhere. Smoke appeared on the horizon. A bus appeared around the corner. Posters for the gig appeared all over town. New shoots are just appearing at the base of the plant.

avoid

to stay away from someone or something: I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy. I'm anxious to avoid the motorway at rush hour. Do you think Lukas is avoiding me? I haven't seenhim all day.

The bank is ______________ this service. CONTINUE

to stop doing or providing something: The bank is discontinuing this service.

decriminalise

to stop something from being illegal: the campaign to decriminalize marijuana Synonymlegalize

I only just _______________ to finish on time. MANAGE A small dog had somehow _______________ to survive the fire. I can't _______________ all this work on my own. Don't worry about us - we'll _______________!

to succeed in doing or dealing with something, especially something difficult: [ + to infinitive ] Did you manage to get any bread? I only just managed to finish on time. A small dog had somehow managed to survive the fire. I can't manage all this work on my own. Don't worry about us - we'll manage! mainly UK I'm afraid I can't manage the time (= to find enough time) to see you at the moment.

Did you manage to get any bread? I only just ___________________ to finish on time. MANAGEMENT A small dog had somehow ___________________ to survive the fire. I can't ___________________ all this work on my own. Don't worry about us - we'll manage! mainly UK I'm afraid I can't ___________________ the time (= to find enough time) to see you at the moment.

to succeed in doing or dealing with something, especially something difficult: Did you manage to get any bread? I only just managed to finish on time. A small dog had somehow managed to survive the fire. I can't manage all this work on my own. Don't worry about us - we'll manage! mainly UK I'm afraid I can't manage the time (= to find enough time) to see you at the moment.

ungovernable

unable to be governed or controlled In 2004, as in 1968, perhaps the best antidote to timidity is the ungovernable wildness of the imagination.From the Cambridge English Corpus Notions that the state had become 'ungovernable' became fashionable in the late 1970s following the international economic crisis of 1974.From the Cambridge English Corpus

restless

unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a changeThe audience was becoming restless.After five years in the job, he was beginning to feel restless.The children always get restless on long trips.She was in a restless mood.Lydia had always been a restless child. ​without real rest or sleepSYNONYM disturbeda restless nightHe woke from a restless sleep.

instability

uncertainty caused by the possibility of a sudden change in the present situation: political/economic instability The instability of the euro continues. The building's instability makes it extremely dangerous.

uncharacteristic

uncharacteristic (of somebody) not typical of somebody; not the way somebody usually behaves The remark was quite uncharacteristic of her.

wild

uncontrolled, violent, or extreme: a wild party wild dancing The audience burst into wild applause. When I told him what I'd done, he went wild (= became very angry). The children were wild with excitement (= were extremely excited). Her eyes were wild/She had a wild look in her eyes (= her eyes were wide open, as if frightened or mentally ill). His hair was wild (= long and untidy) and his clothes full of holes.

unfortunate

unlucky or having bad effects: She has inherited her father's large nose, which is very unfortunate. [ + (that) ] It was unfortunate (that) he called at the exact moment when our guests were arriving. Mehr Beispiele There's nothing anybody can do about it, it's just unfortunate that this had to happen now. It was a very unfortunate accident/incident. It's unfortunate that his parents can't be there to see him perform.

unsympathetic

unsympathetic (to/towards somebody) not feeling or showing any sympathyI told him about the problem but he was totally unsympathetic. ​unsympathetic (to/towards something) not in agreement with something; not supporting an idea, aim, etc.The government was unsympathetic to the needs of the poor.

Motherhood seemed to her an _______________ cycle of cooking, washing, and cleaning. END

used to describe activities or events, especially unpleasant ones, when they seem to continue for ever: Motherhood seemed to her an unending cycle of cooking, washing, and cleaning.

known

used to refer to something or someone that is familiar to or understood by people: These people are known criminals. There is no known reason for the accident. He is known to the police because of his previouscriminal record.

personally

used to show that you are giving your own opinion about something Personally, I prefer the second option. 'Is it worth the effort?' 'Speaking personally, yes.' I personally think it would be the wrong thing to do.

In accepting this award, I would like to thank the producer, the director, the scriptwriter, and, _____________, the film crew. LAST

used to show when something comes after all the other things in a list: In accepting this award, I would like to thank the producer, the director, the scriptwriter, and, lastly, the film crew. Synonymfinally

handy (geschickt, praktisch)

useful or convenient: a handy container/tool First-time visitors to France will find this guideparticularly handy. It's a nice house and it's handy for (= near) the trainstation. informal Don't throw those bottles away - they'll come in handy (= be useful) for the picnic next Sunday.

expressionist

using or relating to expressionism (= a style of art, music, or writing, beginning in the 1900s, that expresses extreme feelings): Munch's "The Scream" is a famous expressionist painting. Rather than being linked by a linear plot, expressionist drama is structured around a theme. Mehr Beispiele The design hearkens back to the expressionist cinema of Fritz Lang. Using physical and expressionist methods of theatre, the play is an inspiring and richly dark adaptation of bloody murder.

terrified

very frightened terrified (of somebody/something) to be terrified of spiders terrified (of doing something) I'm terrified of losing you. terrified (that...) He was terrified (that) he would fall. terrified (at something) She was terrified at the thought of being alone. You look absolutely terrified! She looked at him with wide, terrified eyes.

the _________________ news of the president's death. Whether or not to move overseas was a _________________ decision for the family. MOMENT

very important because of effects on future events: the momentous news of the president's death Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family.

infinitely

very or very much: Travel is infinitely more comfortable now than it used to be. Consider another case involving a soccer team with infinitely many players.From the Cambridge English Corpus We can repeat this argument to construct infinitely many equilibrium paths and, therefore, the original equilibrium is said to be indeterminate.From the Cambridge English Corpus

imperceptible

very small and therefore unable to be seen or felt imperceptible changes in temperature There was an almost imperceptible pause as she gathered her breath to speak. imperceptible to somebody/something The differences were imperceptible to all but the most trained eye. The slight change in the taste was imperceptible to most people.

characteristic

very typical of something or of somebody's character characteristic of something/somebody Community support of families is characteristic of many societies. This is just one example of the rudeness that was so characteristic of him. the characteristic features of his style of painting She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.

highly

very, to a large degree, or at a high level: a highly paid job a highly profitable line of products For our country to remain competitive, we need a highly-skilled, highly-educated workforce. think/speak highly of sb C2to admire or say admiring things about someone: He's very highly thought of within the company. Mehr Beispiele Tobacco is highly addictive. The two men are highly suspicious of one another. The hospital is unable to provide the highly specialized care needed by very sick babies.

Children are usually very ___________________. ADAPT

willing or able to change to fit in with different circumstances Children are usually very adaptable (anpassungsfähig).

mightily

with great effort: He spent ten years struggling mightily with the bureaucracy.

Have you _______________ decided to go to Costa Rica? DEFINITE He _______________ said he'd be here. "Are you going to have children?" "Oh, _______________." "She's not coming?" "No, _______________ not."

without any doubt: Have you definitely decided to go to Costa Rica? He definitely said he'd be here. "Are you going to have children?" "Oh, definitely (= without any doubt)." "She's not coming?" "No, definitely not."

wordlessly

without any words being spoken: He wordlessly pulled a camera from his pocket. to stare/nod/point wordlessly

independently

without being influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things: The two scientists both made the same discoveryindependently, at roughly the same time. Each part of the organization operatesindependently of the others. without taking help or money from other people: She is proud of the fact that at the age of 90, she still lives independently.

unsympathetically

without feeling or showing any sympathy'You've only got yourself to blame,' she said unsympathetically. ​in a way that is not in agreement with something or does not support an idea, aim, etc.Her complaint was treated unsympathetically.

infinite

without limits; extremely large or great: an infinite number/variety The universe is theoretically infinite. With infinite patience, she explained the complex procedure to us.

amoral

without moral principles: Humans, he argues, are amoral and what guidesthem is not any sense of morality but an instinctfor survival.

The horse lay ______________ on the ground, as if dead. MOTION

without moving: The horse lay motionless on the ground, as if dead. Synonymestaticstationarystill

valueless

without value or worthSYNONYM worthless Her shares in the company have become valueless. Some of the royal forests had become valueless as hunting grounds.

worth

worth something having a value in money, etc. Our house is worth about £100 000. How much is this painting worth? to be worth a bomb/packet/fortune (= a lot of money) It isn't worth much. If you answer this question correctly, it's worth five points. This order is potentially worth millions of pounds to the company.

worthy

worthy (of somebody/something) (formal)having the qualities that deserve somebody/something Very few of his ideas are worthy of further attention. A number of the report's findings are worthy of note. No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera. a worthy champion (= one who deserved to win) He felt he was not worthy of her.

dominating

competbeing the largest, most important, most noticeable, or the best person or thing: The other dominating issue is MPs' expenses. In the third set, Nadal was quickly back to his dominating form. having control over a person or place: The imperialist action takes the form of creating a local bourgeoisie, controlled by the ruling class of the dominating country. a dominating personality Seedominate More examples From the age of five to the age of 33, tenniswas the dominating factor in my life.ing to win when people's interests conflict

perfectly

completely It's perfectly normal to feel like this. It's perfectly good as it is (= it doesn't need changing). I thought he'd be upset, but he seems perfectly fine. You know perfectly well what I mean. To be perfectly honest, I didn't want to go anyway.

impatient

easily annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait: He's a good teacher, but inclined to be a bitimpatient with slow learners. You'd be hopeless taking care of children - you're far too impatient!

Her reply showed that she was very ______________ to criticism. SENSE He was very ______________ about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.

easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry: Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism. He was very sensitive about his scar and though teveryone was staring at him.

analytic

examining or liking to examine things in detail, in order to discover more about them: He has a very analytical mind. Some students have a more analytical approach to learning.

I shall be left with many _________________ memories of the time I spent in India. DURING

existing for a long time: the enduring appeal of cartoons I shall be left with many enduring memories of the time I spent in India.

threatening

expressing a threat of something unpleasant or violent: threatening behaviour Synonymmenacing showing that bad weather will probably arrive soon: As the threatening clouds approached, the winds suddenly blew up into a blinding snowstorm. Mehr Beispiele The center received two threatening phone calls on Thursday evening after news of the shootings. She was accused of stalking the actress by repeatedly calling her and sending threatening letters over the past few months.

outspoken

expressing strong opinions very directly without worrying if other people are offended: outspoken comments Mr Masack is an outspoken critic of the present government.

She gets ______________ jealous if he so much as looks at another woman. INSANE

extremely and unreasonably: She gets insanely jealous if he so much as looks at another woman.

used

familiar with something because you do it or experience it often used to doing something I'm not used to eating so much at lunchtime. used to somebody/something doing something He was used to people asking him for autographs. I'm used to things going wrong in my life.

familiarity

familiarity (with something) |familiarity (to somebody) the state of knowing somebody/something well; the state of recognizing somebody/something His familiarity with the language helped him enjoy his stay. When she saw the house, she had a feeling of familiarity.

rapid

fast or sudden: The 1990s were a period of rapid change/growth. I was startled by a rapid movement to my left. His response to the accusation was rapid. Synonymeexpeditious formalfast (QUICK)quickspeedy

awe (Furcht)

feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by something/somebody awe and respect awe and wonder with awe He speaks of her with awe. in awe 'It's magnificent,' she whispered in awe.

stable

firmly fixed or not likely to move or change: If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible. After several part-time jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank. The hospital said she was in a stable condition (= not likely to get worse) following the operation.

The date for the meeting is now _______________: 5 March . She has very definite opinions. DEFINITIVE We need a _______________ answer by tomorrow. "Are you sure I'm invited too?" "Yes, Dan was very _______________ about it on the phone." There's been a _______________ improvement in your English since you came here.

fixed, certain, or clear: The date for the meeting is now definite: 5 March . She has very definite opinions. We need a definite answer by tomorrow. "Are you sure I'm invited too?" "Yes, Dan was very definite about it on the phone." There's been a definite improvement in your English since you came here.

The negotiations have been put off/postponed _________________. DEFINITE

for a period of time with no fixed end: The negotiations have been put off/postponed indefinitely.

separate

forming a unit by itself; not joined to something else They have begun to sleep in separate rooms. separate from somebody/something Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat. The school is housed in two separate buildings. Write a list of names on a separate piece of paper.

fortunate

fortunate adjective approvingUK /ˈfɔː.tʃən.ət/ US /ˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/ B2lucky: [ + to infnitive ] You're very fortunate to have found such a nice house. He was fortunate in his choice of assistant. [ + that ] It was fortunate that they had set out early because the traffic was terrible. Gegensatzunfortunate

independence

freedom from being governed or ruled by another country: Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821. Synonymsautonomyhome ruleself-determinationself-governmentself-rulesovereignty B1the ability to live your life without being helped or influenced by other people: It's important that parents should allow their childrensome independence.

goodwill

friendly or helpful feelings towards other people or countries a spirit of goodwill in international relations a goodwill gesture/a gesture of goodwill The President is on a goodwill visit to Japan. Given goodwill on both sides, I am sure we can reach an agreement. Theatres increasingly have to rely on the goodwill of private sponsors to survive.

playful

full of fun; wanting to playa playful puppy ​(of a remark, an action, etc.) made or done in fun; not seriousSYNONYM light-heartedHe gave her a playful punch on the arm.

softly

gently: She speaks softly but usually gets her own way. Mehr Beispiele "Peter," she called softly. She chuckled softly. He closed the door softly. She started crying softly. Nicola laughed softly.

preferential

giving an advantage to a particular person or group Don't expect to get preferential treatment. Bank employees usually get preferential rates of interest.

charitable

giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no home: a charitable foundation/organization/trust The entire organization is funded by charitable donations. The school has charitable status (= it is officiallya charity).

charitably

giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no home: a charitable foundation/organization/trust The entire organization is funded by charitable donations. The school has charitable status (= it is officiallya charity).

racial

happening or existing between people of different races racial hatred/prejudice/tension/violence racial equality They have pledged to end racial discrimination in areas such as employment.

contentment (Zufriedenheit)

happiness and satisfaction, often because you have everything you need: His face wore a look of pure contentment. More people were finding that material things do not bring contentment . Seecontent More examples I was suddenly overwhelmed by a feeling of utter contentment. They found him sitting on the ground with an airof quiet contentment on his face.

powerful

having a lot of power to control people and events: The president is more powerful than the primeminister. She's the most powerful person in the organization. More examples The president is so powerful that he is ableto dictate to the government. He was a powerful force in British politicsduring the war years. I get the impression that Sheila is the powerful one in that relationship, not her husband!

rhythmic

having a regular pattern of sounds, movements or events music with a fast, rhythmic beat Do the exercises with slow, rhythmic movements. the rhythmic ticking of the clock

idealistic

having a strong belief in perfect standards and trying to achieve them, even when this is not realistic She's still young and idealistic.

Improved safety measures in cars can be ______________________ as they encourage people to drive faster. PRODUCTIVE

having an effect that is opposite to the one intended or wanted: Improved safety measures in cars can be counterproductive as they encourage people to drive faster.

The Dukes were the ________________ winners of the competition. EVENT Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the ________________ cost is likely to be 50 percent higher. It is impossible to predict the ________________ outcome of the negotiations. After such a great first half, we were deeply disappointed with the ________________ result. The party's ________________ aim was to integrate Britain both politically and economically into the European Community. The price was what decided our ________________ choice of hotel. The ________________ design was a great improvement on the one we originally considered.

happening or existing at a later time or at the end, especially after a lot of effort, problems, etc.: The Dukes were the eventual winners of the competition. Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50 percent higher. More examples It is impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the negotiations. After such a great first half, we were deeply disappointed with the eventual result. The party's eventual aim was to integrate Britain both politically and economically into the European Community. The price was what decided our eventual choice of hotel. The eventual design was a great improvement on the one we originally considered.

mountainous

having many mountains

imprint

Bedeutung von imprint im Englisch imprint verb [ T ] UK /ɪmˈprɪnt/ US /ɪmˈprɪnt/ to mark a surface by pressing something hard into it to fix an event or experience so firmly in the memory that it cannot be forgotten although you do not try to remember it: That look of grief would be imprinted on her mind forever.

This decision may delay the _________________ of European unification. PROCESSING The party has begun the painful (= difficult) _________________ of rethinking its policies and strategy. Going to court to obtain compensation is a long _________________. She arrived at the correct answer by a _________________ of elimination (= by deciding against each answer that was unlikely to be correct until only one was left).

a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result: the peace process Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be a slow process. This decision may delay the process of European unification. The party has begun the painful (= difficult) process of rethinking its policies and strategy. Going to court to obtain compensation is a long process. She arrived at the correct answer by a process of elimination (= by deciding against each answer that was unlikely to be correct until only one was left).

extinction

a situation in which something no longer exists: The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago. Many species of plants and animals are in danger of/threatened with extinction (= being destroyed so that they no longer exist). Some people predict the extinction of family life as we know it today.

understatement

a statement that describes something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is, or the act of making such statements: To say that her resignation was a shock would be an understatement - it caused panic. "It didn't go well? " "That's the understatement of the year/decade/century. It was a disaster." Gegensätzeexaggerationoverstatement

desire

a strong wish to have or do something He now had enough money to satisfy all his desires. desire for something a strong desire for power/revenge desire to do something She has a burning desire to be an artist. (formal) I have no desire (= I do not want) to discuss the matter further. He has expressed a desire to see you. (formal) desire that... his father's desire that he become a lawyer

connector

a thing that links two or more things together a cable connectora thing that links two or more things together a cable connector

A narrow ______________ led directly through the house into the garden. PASS The bathroom's on the right at the end of the ______________.

a usually long and narrow part of a building with rooms on one or both sides, or a covered path that connects places: A narrow passage led directly through the house into the garden. The bathroom's on the right at the end of the passage.

Can you wait a ________________? I'll be ready in just a ________________. A car drew up outside and a few ________________ later the doorbell rang. I'm expecting her to come at any ________________ (= very soon). Have you got a ________________ (= are you busy or do you have time to speak to me)?

a very short period of time: Can you wait a moment? I'll be ready in just a moment. A car drew up outside and a few moments later the doorbell rang. I'm expecting her to come at any moment (= very soon). Have you got a moment (= are you busy or do you have time to speak to me)?

active

busy with a particular activity: physically/mentally active You have to try to keep active as you grow older. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples having a lot to do busyI was busy clearing out the shed. up to your ears in somethingI'm up to my ears in chores!

unfold (ergeben, entfalten)

to open or spread out something that has been folded: He watched her expression as she unfolded the letter. She unfolded a deckchair and sat down.

shelve

to not take action on something until a later time: I've had to shelve my plans to buy a new car, because I can't afford it at the moment.

If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a ____________________ man. REASON He went free because the jury decided there was a ____________________ doubt about his guilt.

based on or using good judgment and thereforefair and practical: If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a reasonable man. He went free because the jury decided there was a reasonable doubt about his guilt.

The highest scorers, ______________________, were all women. COINCIDENCE ______________________, I also have a sister called Sara.

because of chance or luck: The highest scorers, coincidentally, were all women. Coincidentally, I also have a sister called Sara.

aggressive

behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person: The stereotype is that men tend to be more aggressive than women. If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and startsshouting.

moral

behaving in ways considered by most peopleto be correct and honest: She's a very moral woman. Oh, stop being so moral! Is TV responsible for weakening people's moral fibre (= ability to behave well and honestly and work hard)? Compareamoralimmoral

immorality

behaviour that is morally wrong, or outsidesociety's standards of what is acceptable: We attempted to show the immorality of the war. They are worried about rampant drug abuse and sexual immorality.

characterise

characterize somebody/something to be typical of a person, place or thingthe rolling hills that characterize this part of EnglandThe city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. ​ to describe or show the qualities of somebody/something in a particular way characterize somebody/something How would you characterize the mood of the 1990s? characterize somebody/something as something activities that are characterized as 'male' or 'female' work

He is in quite an _________________ job. INFLUENCE He was _________________ in getting the plan accepted.

He is in quite an influential job. He was influential in getting the plan accepted.

Children under 12 _____________ by an adult can enter for free. COMPANY

Children under 12 accompanies by an adult can enter for free.

The information was presented clearly and _______________. CONCISE He covers _______________ our current understanding of the biosynthesis of proteins. The book well and _______________ handles a very broad topic. It was a good idea, _______________ and interestingly presented. These short stories _______________ capture the dilemmas and compromises of close relationships.

Cn a short and clear way that expresses what needs to be said without unnecessary words: The information was presented clearly and concisely. He covers concisely our current understanding of the biosynthesis of proteins. Examples: The book well and concisely handles a very broad topic. It was a good idea, concisely and interestingly presented. These short stories concisely capture the dilemmas and compromises of close relationships.

expressive

Bedeutung von expressive im Englisch expressive adjective UK /ɪkˈspres.ɪv/ US /ɪkˈspres.ɪv/ C2showing what someone thinks or feels: an expressive face expressive hands be expressive of sth formal showing a particular feeling: The final movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is expressive of joy.

Despite four cars crashing around him, Pete was lucky and his car emerged _____________ from the other side of the accident. AFFECT

Despite four cars crashing around him, Pete was lucky and his car emerged unaffected from the other side of the accident.

2. Despite the striking similarities between the two paintings, the court decided the artist was not guilty of making a _____________ copy. FRAUD

Despite the striking similarities between the two paintings, the court decided the artist was not guilty of making a fraudulent copy.

_____________ phenylephrine nasal spray in the left nostril, then the right nostril, can overcome rebound congestion.

Discontinuing phenylephrine nasal spray in the left nostril, then the right nostril, can overcome rebound congestion. CONTINUE

2. Due to inflation, house prices in this area have become totally ______________. We may to look somewhere cheaper. AFFORD

Due to inflation, house prices in this area have become totally unaffordable. We may to look somewhere cheaper.

The holiday lived up to all our ___________________. EXPECT I have high ___________________ for this job (= I believe it will be good). We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our ___________________. I think she had unrealistic ___________________ of motherhood.

Meaning of expectation in English expectation noun UK /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/ B2 [ C usually plural ]the feeling that good things are going to happen in the future: The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting). I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good). We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations. I think she had unrealistic expectations of motherhood.

It has been a deeply and _________________ troubled region. PERSIST Schools with _________________ low test scores would get extra funding. If someone does something _________________ , they do it in a determined but often unreasonable way. They have _________________ ignored our advice. He _________________ called at her home, sent letters, and made phone calls.

Meaning of persistently in English persistently adverb UK /pəˈsɪs.tənt.li/ US /pɚˈsɪs.tənt.li/ happening repeatedly or for a long time, or difficult to get rid of: It has been a deeply and persistently troubled region. Schools with persistently low test scores would get extra funding. If someone does something persistently, they do it in a determined but often unreasonable way: They have persistently ignored our advice. He persistently called at her home, sent letters, and made phone calls.

revolutionary He was arrested for taking part in ________________ activities. REVOLUTION His writings influenced political thinking during the ________________ war. The ________________ party was defeated in the recent election. The government has ordered the closure of the ________________ newspaper. Several ________________ organizations combined to form the new party.

Meaning of revolutionary in English revolutionary adjective UK /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/ US /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.er.i/ revolutionary adjective (IN POLITICSinvolved in or relating to a revolution: a revolutionary leader/movement More examples He was arrested for taking part in revolutionary activities. His writings influenced political thinking during the revolutionary war. The revolutionary party was defeated in the recent election. The government has ordered the closure of the revolutionary newspaper. Several revolutionary organizations combined to form the new party.

My grandfather died owing money to a large number of _____________. CREDIT

My grandfather died owing money to a large number of creditors.

My son was very _____________ accused of cheating at school. I will help to prove his innocence. REASON

My son was very unreasonably (unvernünftig) accused of cheating at school. I will help to prove his innocence.

New managers can sometimes discipline employees _____________ in an attempt to appear tough. NECESSARY

New managers can sometimes discipline employees unnecessarily in an attempt to appear tough.

3. _____________, I wouldn't spend so much money on a hat but it just suits me perfectly. ORDINARY

Ordinarily (normalerweise), I wouldn't spend so much money on a hat but it just suits me perfectly.

Our local newspaper is often full of stories that are hardly _____________, but they need to fill the pages somehow. NEWS

Our local newspaper is often full of stories that are hardly newsworthy, but they need to fill the pages somehow.

Our teacher has put together some ____________ newspaper articles for us to work on. INTEREST

Our teacher has put together some interesting newspaper articles for us to work on.

Over the years, her love for him ________________. The economic crisis is ________________. We must try not to ________________ existing splits within the party. DEEP

Over the years, her love for him deepened. The economic crisis is deepening. We must try not to deepen existing splits within the party. To become more strongly felt or experienced, or to make something this way:

8. Rabbits are often seen as ______________ figures at Easter, representing rebirth and springtime. SYMBOL

Rabbits are often seen as symbolic figures at Easter, representing rebirth and springtime.

The car kit also comes with an ______________ that will charge your cell phone battery through the car's cigarette plug. ADAPT The monitor that you purchase should be equipped with both a battery and an electric A/C ______________. For an additional $6.99 shipping and processing fee you can also receive the cell phone ______________ kit with five ports to allow your Emergency Pro to charge almost any type of cell phone.

a device which enables an electrical plug of one type to be used in a socket of another type, or several plugs to be used in the same socket at the same time. The car kit also comes with an adaptor that will charge your cell phone battery through the car's cigarette plug. The monitor that you purchase should be equipped with both a battery and an electric A/C adaptor. For an additional $6.99 shipping and processing fee you can also receive the cell phone adaptor kit with five ports to allow your Emergency Pro to charge almost any type of cell phone.

talkback

a discussion of a play or film after it has been performed, between people who made it or performed in it and people who watched it: The theatre offers talkbacks and backstage tours after every performance. About 150 members of the audience stayed afterward for a talkback session with cast members.

handout

a document given to students or reporters that contains information about a particular subject: On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have referred to during the lecture. More examples I've listed some useful reading material on the handout. At the beginning of term, we got handouts to read about all the different clubs and activities.

stimulant

a drug or substance that makes you feel more active and gives you more energyCoffee and tea are mild stimulants.TOPICS Social issuesC2 ​stimulant (to something) an event or activity that encourages more activity

imperfection

a fault or weakness in somebody/something They learned to live with each other's imperfections. The only slight imperfection in the painting is a scratch in the corner. Nature is full of imperfection.

regret

a feeling of sadness about something sad or wrong or about a mistake that you have made, and a wish that it could have been different and better: I left school at 16, but I've had a great life and I have no regrets. The manager expressed deep regret at/for the number of staff reductions. We think, much to our regret (= and we are very sorry about this), that we will not be able to visit you next year. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to apologize for something apologizeUK I apologise for the error. say sorryHe didn't even say sorry. sorryI forgot your name, sorry. make an apologyThe president made an apology to the people of Japan in a public speech. express regretHe later expressed regret for portraying sharks as creatures that target human beings.

The _________________ has been turned off. ELECTRIC An _________________ generating company powered/heated by electricity. An _________________ bill.

a form of energy that can be produced in several ways and that provides power to devices that create light, heat, etc.: The electricity has been turned off. an electricity generating company powered/heated by electricity an electricity bill

collection

a group of objects, often of the same sort, that have been collected He wanted to share his vast art collection with the world. a stamp/coin/record collection collection of something an extensive collection of war photographs The painting comes from his private collection.

residence (Aufenthalt)

a home: the Governor's official residence in residence officially staying or living somewhere: The Queen is in residence at the Palace this week. author/poet/artist in residence an author (= writer), poet, or artist who is employed at a school or college, etc. for a short period

amorality

a lack of moral principles: The glorious thing about Almodóvar's movies is their unashamed amorality. Her novel is a tale of poverty and amorality in the grimy city.

Many of the world's injustices are caused by human greed or ___________________________. THOUGHT His ___________________________ almost cost the life of my daughter.

a lack of thought about how your actions or words may upset someone: Many of the world's injustices are caused by humangreed or thoughtlessness. His thoughtlessness almost cost the life of my daughter.

fortune

a large amount of money, goods, property, etc.: She inherited a fortune from her grandmother. He lost a fortune gambling. You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it antiques. This dress cost a (small) fortune. Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune. Mehr Beispiele She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels. With a personal fortune of six million pounds, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity. She netted herself a fortune when she sold her company.

institution

a large and important organization, such as a university or bank: a medical/educational/financial institution Harvard University is an internationally respectedinstitution. More examples We're searching for a couple of runaways from the young offenders' institution. They heard sob-stuff from one man about his deprived childhood in an institution. St Andrews and Cambridge universities are internationally respected institutions.

The European Union should remain _________________ enough to assimilate more countries quickly. FLEXIBILITY "If they're _________________, we're flexible", the official was quoted as saying. Warships are _________________ in operation and can travel the seas freely. Computer generated models are more _________________ and less expensiveto build than physical models. The constitution is _________________ enough to change as the organizationdevelops.

able to change or be changed easily according to the situation: My schedule is flexible - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week. The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly. "If they're flexible, we're flexible", the official was quoted as saying. Warships are flexible in operation and can travel the seas freely. Computer generated models are more flexible and less expensiveto build than physical models. The constitution is flexible enough to change as the organizationdevelops.

abused

abuse something to make bad use of something, or to use so much of something that it harms your health to abuse alcohol/drugs He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine. People who abuse alcohol over a long period will develop health problems.

inherently

according to or because of the basic nature of somebody/something SYNONYM intrinsically an inherently unworkable system

apparently

according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears Apparently they are getting divorced soon. I thought she had retired, but apparently she hasn't. He paused, apparently lost in thought. The government was apparently unaware of the magnitude of the crisis. The security forces were apparently taken by surprise.

indicative

being or relating to a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen: Resumption of the talks is indicative of an improving relationship between the countries.

The painting sold for three times the ______________ price. going to be born soon. EXPECT They do not yet know the sex of their ______________ child.

believed to be going to happen or arrive: The expected counterattack never happened. The painting sold for three times the expected price. going to be born soon: They do not yet know the sex of their expected child.

Leading artists of the Russian avant-garde conveyed their messages in bold _____________ and Cubist designs. FUTURE

belonging or relating to futurism, a way of thinking in the arts that started in the early 20th century and tried to express through a range of art forms the characteristics and images of the modern age, such as machines, speed, movement, and power: a futurist painter Leading artists of the Russian avant-garde conveyed their messages in bold Futurist and Cubist designs.

governmental

belonging or relating to government or the government: We await a governmental decision about the future of the programme.

related

connected with something/somebody in some way related to something/somebodyThe amount of protein you need is directly related to your lifestyle. Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse. Parental unemployment was not significantly related to youth unemployment for the total sample. These problems are closely related. a related issue

relative

considered and judged by being compared with something elseYou must consider the relative merits of the two plans.We need to assess the relative importance of each of these factors. We need to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of each system. ​ (grammar) referring to an earlier noun, sentence or part of a sentenceIn 'the man who came', 'who' is a relative pronoun and 'who came' is a relative clause.

Did any of your teachers make a _____________ impression on you? LAST The tablets make you feel better for a while but the effect isn't (long-)_____________. Synonyme durablel, ong-lasting

continuing to exist for a long time or for ever: Few observers believe that the treaty will bring a lasting peace to the region. Did any of your teachers make a lasting impression on you? The tablets make you feel better for a while but the effect isn't (long-)lasting. Synonymedurablelong-lasting

deselect

deselect somebody if the local branch of a political party in the UK deselects the existing Member of Parliament, it does not choose him or her as a candidate at the next electionTOPICS PoliticsC2 ​deselect something (computing)to remove something from the list of possible choices on a computer menu

undesirably

desirous (of something/of doing something) | desirous (to do something) having a wish for something; wanting something At that point Franco was desirous of prolonging the war.

__________________________ sports. COMPETE A highly __________________________ industry. Acting is very __________________________ - you've got to really push yourself if you want to succeed. You're very __________________________ - it's meant to be a friendly match! I could never play team sports - I lack the __________________________ spirit.

involving competition: competitive sports a highly competitive industry Acting is very competitive - you've got to really push yourself if you want to succeed. B2wanting very much to win or be more successful than other people: You're very competitive - it's meant to be a friendly match! I could never play team sports - I lack the competitive spirit (= a strong wish to beat others).

I find your attitude completely ____________________. REASON She divorced him on the grounds of ____________________ behaviour. If he expects you to do that, I think he's being completely ____________________. I hope he doesn't think I'm being ____________________. He's always making ____________________ demands on my time.

not fair or acceptable: unreasonable demands [ + to infinitive ] It seems unreasonable to expect one person to do both jobs. I find your attitude completely unreasonable. She divorced him on the grounds of unreasonable behaviour. If he expects you to do that, I think he's being completely unreasonable. I hope he doesn't think I'm being unreasonable. He's always making unreasonable demands on my time.

neglectful

not giving enough care and attention to something or someone: I'm sure my boss thinks I've been neglectful of my duties recently.

uninhabitable

not habitable (= suitable to live in): If there's no roof then the house is uninhabitable.

dissatisfied

not happy or satisfied with somebody/something dissatisfied customers dissatisfied with somebody/something If you are dissatisfied with our service, please contact our customer service department.

independent

not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things: an independent enquiry/organization They all made the same comment, quiteindependent of each other (= without decidingtogether to do so). An independent politician does not agree or votewith any particular political party. More examples An independent adviser has been brought in to conciliate between the two sides involved in the conflict. It's hard to obtain truly independent financialadvice. Hundreds of small independent shops will be forced to close by the opening of this superstore.

unknown

not known or familiar: The exact number of people carrying the virus is unknown. As recently as six months ago her name was almostunknown in this country. Unknown to me, she'd organized a party for my birthday.

unattached

not married or involved in a romantic relationshipSYNONYM singleHe was still unattached at the age of 34. ​not connected with or belonging to a particular group or organization

It was such an _____________________ meeting - we didn't make a single decision. PRODUCT

not producing very much Gegensatzproductive not having positive results: It was such an unproductive meeting - we didn't make a single decision.

unresponsive

not reacting in a quick or positive way to something : Depression can make a new mother unresponsive to her baby. not reacting or moving at all because of being unconscious or very ill : The patient was collapsed and unresponsive when he was brought into hospital.

disconnected

not related to or connected with the things or people arounddisconnected images/thoughts/ideasI felt disconnected from the world around me.She had not slept and was feeling numb and disconnected. ​(of speech or writing) with the parts not connected in a logical orderSYNONYM disjointed, incoherent

unstable

not solid and firm and therefore not strong, safe, or likely to last: That chair looks unstable to me. It is a poor and politically unstable society. Synonymeshaky (WEAK)unsound (WEAK) An unstable person suffers from sudden and extreme changes in their mental and emotional state: emotionally unstable

useless

not useful; not doing or achieving what is needed or wanted This pen is useless. All I got from him was some useless advice and a loan of £200. useless to do something He knew it was useless to protest. useless doing something It's useless worrying about it. The quality ranged from acceptable to worse than useless. She tried to work, but it was useless (= she wasn't able to).

conservative

not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change: a conservative society/outlook Older people tend to be more conservative and a bit suspicious of anything new. Vergleichenliberal adjective (SOCIETY) If you are conservative in your appearance, you usually do not like fashionable or modern clothes or hairstyles: He's a very conservative dresser - he always looks like he's wearing his father's clothes!

My younger son has a very vivid (= active) __________________. IMAGINE I can never make up stories - I have absolutely no __________________. For some reason the story captured/caught the __________________ of the public .

the ability to form pictures in the mind: My younger son has a very vivid (= active) imagination. I can never make up stories - I have absolutely no imagination. For some reason the story captured/caught the imagination of the public (= made them very interested). It couldn't by any stretch of the imagination be described as a (= it is certainly not a) beautiful city. There's a sex scene in the film which apparently leaves nothing to the imagination (= shows sexual parts of the body very clearly).

Running a marathon is a test of human _________________ . ENDURE The pain was bad beyond _________________.

the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painfulfor a long time: Running a marathon is a test of human endurance. The pain was bad beyond endurance.

She handled the situation with ___________________ and courage. DECIDE One area in which the Government has lacked ___________________ is planning.

the ability to make decisions quickly and confidently: She handled the situation with decisiveness and courage. One area in which the Government has lacked decisiveness is planning.

Some neck injuries cause total loss of ____________ below the point of injury. MOBILISATION I prefer the ____________ of a hand-held camera.

the ability to move freely or be easily moved: Some neck injuries cause total loss of mobility below the point of injury. I prefer the mobility of a hand-held camera.

patiently

the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or becoming annoyed: You have to have such a lot of patience when you're dealing with kids. In the end I lost my patience and shouted at her. He's a good teacher, but he doesn't have much patience with the slower pupils. Making small-scale models takes/requires a greatdeal of patience. Their youngest son was beginning to try my patience (= annoy me). Patience - they'll be here soon!

As students of chemistry know, even small __________________________ of a molecule's structure can produce a compound that acts differently. ARRANGE Going on a long trip always means lots of __________________________ to my schedule.

the act of changing the order, position, or time of arrangements already made: a rearrangement of/to our plans As students of chemistry know, even small rearrangements of a molecule's structure can produce a compound that acts differently. Going on a long trip always means lots of rearrangements to my schedule.

As students of chemistry know, even small __________________________ of a molecule's structure can produce a compound that acts differently. ARRANGE Going on a long trip always means lots of __________________________ to my schedule.

the act of changing the order, position, or time of arrangementsalready made: a rearrangement of/to our plans As students of chemistry know, even small rearrangements of a molecule's structure can produce a compound that acts differently. Going on a long trip always means lots of rearrangements to my schedule.

Drugs can slow down the ________________ of the disease. PROGRESS The novel follows the ________________ of a woman from youth to middle age. She'd always worked with old people so becoming a nurse was a logical/natural ________________.

the act of changing to the next stage of development: Drugs can slow down the progression of the disease. The novel follows the progression of a woman from youth to middle age. She'd always worked with old people so becoming a nurse was a logical/natural progression.

destruction

the act of destroying something; the process of being destroyed the destruction of the rainforests a tidal wave bringing death and destruction in its wake The central argument is that capitalism sows the seeds of its own destruction (= creates the forces that destroy it).

disconnection

the act of ending a connection, especially stopping the supply of phone lines, water, electricity or gas to a buildingCustomer disconnections have fallen by 30% over the past year. disconnection from somethingPersistent copyright breaches would lead to disconnection from the internet. ​[countable] a situation in which two things are not connected although they should be, and this causes problems disconnection (between A and B)One problem is the disconnection between political leaders and ordinary people. disconnection (from something)our disconnection from nature

objection (Einwand)

the act of expressing or feeling opposition to or dislike of something or someone: Her objection to/against the plan is based on incorrect facts. A couple of people raised/voiced objections to the proposal. [ + that ] I have no objection except that it may cost more than expected.

pursuit

the act of following or going after somebody, especially in order to catch them in pursuit We drove away with two police cars in pursuit (= following). I galloped off on my horse with Rosie in hot pursuit (= following quickly behind).

They are facing higher rates, less coverage and more hassles when policies come up for _________________. NEW The state is seeking the _________________ of a tax levy that generates $65.2 million annually for schools. To renew your licence or for more information about the online _________________ process, visit our website.

the act of making an official document, agreement, or rule continue for more time: Do you deal with season-ticket renewals here? More examples 144 employees were laid off and 189 employees did not receive contract renewals. They are facing higher rates, less coverage and more hassles when policies come up for renewal. The state is seeking the renewal of a tax levy that generates $65.2 million annually for schools. To renew your licence or for more information about the online renewal process, visit our website.

publication

the act of making information or stories available to people in a printed or electronic form: The brochure will be ready for publication in September. Will you arrange the publication of the names of the winners? When is the publication date? (= When will the book be available to buy?) B2 [ C ]a book, magazine, newspaper, or document in which information or stories are published: Our latest publication is a magazine for health enthusiasts.

improvement

the act of making something better; the process of something becoming better The economy has shown significant improvement over the past 9 months. We expect to see further improvement over the coming year. Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement. There were areas that needed improvement.

publicity

the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity: He attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers. Her first novel was published last year in a blaze of (= with a lot of) publicity. We have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers. The publicity generated by the court case has given a welcome boost to our sales. The normally publicity-shy director will be making several public appearances for the launch of the movie. The enormous publicity surrounding the case will make it very difficult to hold a fair trial. The pop group's arrival by hot-air balloon was just a publicity stunt (= an unusual way of attracting the public's attention).

spacing

the amount of distance between lines or words, especially on a printed page: single/double/triple spacing

distance

the amount of space between two places: What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona? He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day. Does she live within walking distance of her parents?

architecture

the art and practice of designing and making buildings: to study architecture B1the style in which buildings are made: Roman architecture Mehr Beispiele Modernist architecture tries to conquer nature instead of working with it. This is a prime example of 1930s architecture. Almost every visitor to Edinburgh is seduced by its splendid architecture.

infinitive

the basic form of a verb that usually follows "to": In the sentences "I had to go" and "I must go", "go" is an infinitive. "Go" is the infinitive form. Mehr Beispiele Most people start by learning the infinitive of a verb. 'To quickly decide' is an example of a split infinitive.

idealism

the belief that a perfect life, situation, etc. can be achieved, even when this is not very likelyHe was full of youthful idealism.Idealism has no place in modern politics.TOPICS PoliticsC2 ​(philosophy) the belief that our ideas are the only things that are real and that we can know about

wording

the choice and meaning of the words used when you say or write something: Norman agreed that the wording of the advertisement was unnecessarily offensive and it was changed. We don't yet know the exact/precise wording of the agreement. Synonymphrasing

effectiveness

the degree to which something is effective: There are doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug in treating the disease. They don't have information yet to evaluate the effectiveness of those programmes . Seeeffective More examples Critics question the effectiveness of the new laws. The studies did not meet their goals of demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. They redesigned core processes to improveeffectiveness and efficiency.

depth

the distance down either from the top of something to the bottom, or to a distance below the top surface of something: the depth of a lake/pond There are very few fish at depths (= distances below the surface) below 3,000 metres. The river froze to a depth of over a metre.

Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes since _______________. ANTIQUE Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical _______________. Under Greek law, all _______________ that are discovered in Greece belong to the government.

the distant past (= a long time ago), especially before the sixth century: Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical antiquity. [ C ]an object that was created a very long time ago: Under Greek law, all antiquities that are discovered in Greece belong to the government.

competitiveness It is not true there is a crisis in the country's scientific or technological __________________________. COMPETE She has a heel injury but her __________________________ tends to overcome physical pain.

the fact of being able to compete successfully with other companies, countries, organizations, etc.: It is not true there is a crisis in the country's scientific or technological competitiveness. the fact of a person wanting very much to win or be more successful than other people: She has a heel injury but her competitiveness tends to overcome physical pain.

I promised to _________________ the plate that I'd dropped. PLACE Do a global search for 'organise' and _________________ it with 'organize'. The Council plans to knock the library down and _________________ it with a hotel complex. Imperial units have in many cases been _________________ by metric ones in Britain. Doctors have _________________ the top of his hip bone with a metal sphere. He's bought me a smart new camera to _________________ my old one.

to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of something or someone else: The factory replaced most of its workers with robots. Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation's main industry. If you replace something broken, damaged, or lost, you provide a new one: I promised to replace the plate that I'd dropped. More examples Do a global search for 'organise' and replace it with 'organize'. The Council plans to knock the library down and replace it with a hotel complex. Imperial units have in many cases been replaced by metric ones in Britain. Doctors have replaced the top of his hip bone with a metal sphere. He's bought me a smart new camera to replace my old one.

We are ______________ a lot of applicants for the job. EXPECTATION I ______________ (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom. I ______________ (that) he'd have left anyway. He didn't ______________ to see me. The financial performance of the business is fully ______________ to improve. We were half ______________ you not to come back.

to think or believe something will happen, or someone will arrive: We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job. [ + (that) ] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom. I expect (that) he'd have left anyway. [ + to infinitive ] He didn't expect to see me. The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve. We were half expecting you not to come back.

The brutality of the murders was beyond ______________. BE His battle against cancer has strengthened his ______________ in God. He restated his ______________ that the sanctions need more time to work. Their working system is based on the ______________ that people work more productively in a team.

too bad, good, difficult, etc. to be imagined: The brutality of the murders was beyond belief. His battle against cancer has strengthened his belief in God. He restated his belief that the sanctions need more time to work. Their working system is based on the belief that people work more productively in a team. People should have the courage to stand up for their beliefs. I don't want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.

inimitable

too good or individual for anyone else to copy with the same effect John related in his own inimitable waythe story of his trip to Tibet. the inimitable Frank Sinatra

negligible

too slight or small in amount to be of importance: The difference between the two products is negligible. My knowledge of German is negligible. Synonymtrifling

2. He is being very ____________ about his whereabouts last night. MYSTERY

He is being very mysterious about his whereabouts last night.

His wide influence was due to his high character and ______________ earnestness. ASSUME He appeared normal, ______________, but there was something otherworldly in his eyes that warned her he wasn't normal. ASSUME His tone was ______________, but his gaze was intent, as if he were trying to gauge if she recognized him or not.g (bescheiden)

His wide influence was due to his high character and unassuming (bescheidenen) earnestness. He appeared normal, unassuming, but there was something otherworldly in his eyes that warned her he wasn't normal. His tone was unassuming, but his gaze was intent, as if he were trying to gauge if she recognized him or not.

How to show where one tribe ends and another begins? How to _____________ in a lasting way the significance of an individual becoming an adult member of society? LINE

How to show where one tribe ends and another begins? How to underline in a lasting way the significance of an individual becoming an adult member of society?

Our ancestors ____________ developed extraordinary techniques of body decoration for practical reasons. APPEAR

Our ancestors apparently developed extraordinary techniques of body decoration for practical reasons.

We had ____________ deciding who to send to the compaction. DIFFICULT

We had difficulty deciding who to send to the compaction.

She is _______________ only to the managing director. The recent tax reforms have made government more _______________ for its spending. Politicians should be _______________ to the public who elected them. Hospitals must be held _______________ for their mistakes. ACCOUNT

Someone who is accountable is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it: She is accountable only to the managing director. The recent tax reforms have made government more accountable for its spending. Politicians should be accountable to the public who elected them. Hospitals must be held accountable for their mistakes. Politicians should be accountable to the public that elects them.

"Who's your favourite ____________?" "Robert de Niro." ACT

Someone who pretends to be someone else while performing in a film, play, or television or radioprogramme: "Who's your favourite actor?" "Robert de Niro."

This problem calls for swift/prompt _____________ from the government. ACT _____________ to prevent the spread of the disease is high on the government's agenda. ACT We must take _____________ to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas. ACT So what's the plan of _____________? ACT The complaints system swings into _____________ (= starts to work) as soon as a claim is made. ACT The committee was spurred into _____________ (= encouraged to do something) by the threat of government cuts.

The process of doing something, especially when dealing with a problem or difficulty: This problem calls for swift/prompt action from the government. Action to prevent the spread of the disease is high on the government's agenda. We must take action (= do something) to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas. So what's the plan of action? (= What are we going to do?) The complaints system swings into action (= startsto work) as soon as a claim is made. The committee was spurred into action (= encouraged to do something) by the threat of government cuts.

They make the naive _____________ that because it's popular it must be good. ASSUME

They make the naive assumption that because it's popular it must be good.

The countdown was _________, and the space missile went off exactly on schedule. FLAW

To take for granted or without proof. To assume that the economy will continue to improve.

Unlike us, it doesn't get up in the morning and ask itself, "What shall I look like today?", but we can and do. Indeed, the _____________ (ANTIQUE) of body decoration points to the conclusion that it is a key factor in our development as the ______________ (DOMINATE) life-form one our planet.

Unlike us, it doesn't get up in the morning and ask itself, "What shall I look like today?", but we can and do. Indeed, the antiquity of body decoration points to the conclusion that it is a key factor in our development as the dominant life-form one our planet.

You can't deny that global warming is becoming a real threat. It is ______________ that global warming is becoming a real threat. DENY

You can't deny that global warming is becoming a real threat. It is undeniable that global warming is becoming a real threat.

You must be ______________ silent or the birds won't appear. ABSOLUTE

You must be absolutely silent or the birds won't appear. Used to strongly disagree with someone or to agree with something negative

Make your answers clear and _______________. She wrote up a _______________ summary of the day's events.

short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words: Make your answers clear and concise. Expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear: She wrote up a concise summary of the day's events.

How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away is/remains a ______________. MYSTERY

something strange or not known that has not yetbeen explained or understood: How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away is/remains a mystery.

I appreciate your ______________. HONEST I must tell you in all ______________ that there is little chance of the proposalbeing approved.

the quality of being honest: I appreciate your honesty. I must tell you in all honesty (= truthfully and hidingnothing) that there is little chance of the proposalbeing approved.