Word formed by shortening - English Language.
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Back Formation
A kind of shortening in which a word of one type is shortened to form a word of another type. E.G- Type
Abbreviation/ Clipping
A new word is formed by shortening an existing word in some way. E.G- AD
Initalism
Words abbreviated to their initial letters. E.G- BBC
Acronym
Words formed from the initial letters of existing words. E.G- SCUBA, RADAR