World Civ. Exam 1
Karl Marx defined "surplus value" as the Select one: a. difference between wages and the value of goods. b. proper cost of goods in the marketplace. c. amount that business owners were able to put into the bank. d. sum total of all goods and services produced in a country. e. appropriate profit of business.
a
Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in a. Japan. b. China. c. the Orient Express. d. Mexico. e. Russia.
a
New models of urban development laid out city plans modeled after: Select one: a. Paris. b. London. c. Chicago d. Buenos Aires e. St. Petersburg
a
Often colonial territory was seized without the consent of the home government by Select one: a. colonial officers deciding on their claim to a piece of territory. b. journalists trying to gather news information in the tropics. c. scientists doing research in remote regions of Africa and Asia. d. mercenaries and escaped convicts. e. ex-slave traders motivated to make money on the colony.
a
One direct result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 was the Select one: a. popular revolt that forced the creation of the Duma and a new constitution. b. humiliation of the outdated Japanese military and the stripping of Japanese colonies in Asia. c. overthrow of the Russian tsar. d. overthrow of the Japanese emperor. e. acquisition of colonies in Africa.
a
Southeast Asia had great economic potential because of Select one: a. its fertile soil, constant warmth, and heavy rains. b. its natural immunity to disease, which the local fruits provided. c. the presence of an unlimited supply of geothermal energy. d. the large number of craftsmen and artisans. e. all of these.
a
The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press, referred especially to a. submarine telegraph cables. b. transcontinental railroads. c. the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells. d. the development of aircraft. e. an accurate clock.
a
The 1898 battle at Omdurman resulted in 11,000 Sudanese deaths, with British deaths totaling Select one: a. 48. b. 480. c. 1,480. d. 4,480. e. 44,800.
a
The Suez canal inadvertently assisted imperialism by Select one: a. creating lower shipping costs, stimulating shipping and construction of steamships for those with overseas trade. b. setting France and England at war with one another. c. making a deal with Egypt to sell out other African nations at the Berlin Conference. d. making transit into sub-Saharan Africa easier, creating the scramble for Africa. e. isolating Egypt from the Ottoman Empire's protection.
a
The biggest weakness of the Tokugawa Shogunate was an inability to resist invasion; therefore, Select one: a. Japan closed its border to foreigners. b. the emperor proposed intense military training. c. the shogun instituted military reforms. d. the bureaucracy proposed a centralized government. e. Japan welcomed foreigners and learned from them instead.
a
The colonies offered job opportunities to European women, who often became Select one: a. being missionaries, teachers, and nurses. b. serving as wives for indigenous men. c. serving as lawyers and doctors. d. being miners and industrial workers. e. serving as colonial officers and administrators.
a
The first place where universal male suffrage became law was in: Select one: a. The United States. b. Germany c. Iceland. d. England. e. France
a
The major technical advantages influencing European dominance were Select one: a. communications and mobility. b. e-mail and cell phones. c. numismatics and metallurgy. d. cash and market economics. e. food preservation and print technology.
a
The most harmful aspect of the Western sense of cultural superiority was Select one: a. the racist ideas that deemed non-Europeans inferior. b. the use of biological warfare against the colonies. c. the creation of a society of poverty and desperation in Asia. d. the tendency to marginalize non-Western ideas. e. all of these.
a
The most prominent early use of electric current was a. for lighting. b. in steel making. c. for telegraph systems. d. the electric chair. e. in the chemical dye industry.
a
The revolutions of 1848 convinced politicians that Select one: a. they couldn't keep the people out of politics forever. b. the common person should never participate in politics. c. use of the media was the most important tool in swaying public sentiment. d. rubber bullets were an effective deterrent to rioters. e. democracy was an unworkable system.
a
Which Latin American country gained the best railroad network south of the United States? Select one: a. Argentina b. Panama c. Brazil d. Chile e. Mexico
a
Why did the United States participate in imperialism? Select one: a. Expansion of the idea of Manifest Destiny and westward expansion. b. US Industrialists demanded Caribbean resources. c. To gain control of overseas shipping lines. d. Feeling squeezed out of Africa, the US looked towards Asia. e. The Monroe Doctrine had earlier limited expansion in the Pacific Northwest.
a
Why were women considered well suited for teaching jobs? Select one: a. Teaching was an extension of the duties of Victorian mothers. b. Men were needed in factory work. c. They were better educated than men. d. Teaching was considered unimportant. e. Women refused to do most other types of work.
a
Families were considered middle class only if they Select one: a. did not work with their hands. b. employed a full-time servant. c. were college-educated. d. had a second home. e. owned their own horses.
b
Historians use the term New Imperialism to refer to the West's Select one: a. isolationism and parochialism in the late nineteenth century. b. use of industrial technology to impose its will on the nonindustrial world. c. policies of preservation of the natural environment. d. attempt to use propaganda as a tool of empire. e. All of these
b
Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women Select one: a. belong in comparable social spheres. b. belong in "separate spheres." c. belong in factories. d. should be involved in politics. e. should be in a competitive relationship.
b
One of the greatest barriers to the European invasion of inland African territories was Select one: a. the lack of knowledge of the geography. b. Falciparum malaria. c. the great African rivers. d. the great African mountains. e. all of these.
b
Russians occupied the territory of Kazakhstan because Select one: a. of constant invasions by Kazakhs. b. the agricultural land was being "wasted." c. it was a "hot bed" of terrorist activity. d. of its copper and tin mines. e. of a holy war declared by Tsar Alexander III.
b
The British nineteenth-century attitude toward Europe has been called a policy of Select one: a. "laissez-faire." b. "splendid isolation." c. "divide and conquer." d. "ignorance is bliss." e. arrogance and conceit.
b
The Meiji rulers sought to strengthen Japan by Select one: a. rejecting all foreign ideas and restoring traditional Japanese customs. b. embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques. c. attacking the United States naval bases in Korea. d. increasing family values. e. defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.
b
The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated Select one: a. only Japanese practices. b. European practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture. c. Russian practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture. d. Chinese practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture. e. Korean practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture.
b
The Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854 Select one: a. opened Japan and Korea to the United States. b. was modeled on the unequal treaties that the West had with China. c. settled the Opium War. d. put an end to the Taiping Rebellion. e. put an end to the Sepoy Mutiny. Feedback
b
The better the European weapons became, the more the ____ widened. Select one: a. "race gap" b. "firepower gap" c. "gun breech" d. "colonial gap" e. "Maxim gap"
b
The decision to grant colonies "home rule", or the autonomy to elect their own parliaments, usually depended upon Select one: a. whether or not the colonial nation was Christianized. b. the presence or absence of European settlers. c. how strong an army the native population had. d. whether their home rule candidates could pass the civil service examination. e. how valuable their raw materials were for industrialism.
b
The early-twentieth-century Chinese plan for reform was the Select one: a. Cixi reforms. b. "self-strengthening movement." c. Mandate of Heaven. d. Great Leap Forward. e. imperial restoration.
b
The last area to be connected to Europe by telegraph cables was: Select one: a. North America b. the Pacific c. Latin America d. Asia. e. Africa
b
The provincial leaders of Choshu and Satsuma found the most effective strategy to protect Japan against foreigners was Select one: a. development of gunboats. b. consolidation of their forces to overthrow the shogunate. c. to copy the Tanzimat reforms. d. embrace westernization in all forms. e. none of these.
b
To better exploit the economic potential of Latin America, Select one: a. a system of dirigible transport was developed. b. extensive railroad systems were built. c. Western countries discouraged emancipation of slaves. d. Euro-American settlers were encouraged to emigrate. e. laborers from India were imported in great numbers.
b
Which of the following is not one way that working-class women earned money to support the family? Select one: a. Doing laundry for people b. Teaching c. Doing piecework such as sewing and making lace, hats, or gloves d. Doing domestic service or factory work e. Taking in boarders
b
Which of the following was not an idea of liberalism? Select one: a. The need for a constitutional government b. Equality for all peoples c. The need for a national parliament d. The sovereignty of the people e. Freedom of expression
b
A significant source of conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary was Select one: a. Austrian annexation of Albania. b. Austria trying to dominate Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which Russia felt was its domain because of Orthodoxy. c. Austria's attempts to dominate the Balkans, which undercut Russia's role as "protector" of the Slavic peoples. d. Austro-Hungary eyeing territories along the Black Sea in anticipation of the demise of the Ottomans. e. Austria declaring an open-border policy to Jews escaping Russian persecution.
c
Although imperialism was not new to Europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by Select one: a. retarded growth and slow development. b. use of Chinese technology to inspire European innovation. c. rapid and unprecedented annexations of territory by Western powers. d. wars of aggression and political assassination. e. all of these.
c
As a result of the revolutions of cotton cloth and sewing machines, Select one: a. ready-made clothing increased the number of department stores. b. the "mauve decade" emerged with a new trend for purple clothes. c. the poor could afford to own several sets of cloths. d. the woolen trade decreased significantly. e. more women were forced to work in garment sweat-shops.
c
In Tokugawa Japan, the political power rested in the hands of the Select one: a. bureaucracy. b. merchants. c. shoguns. d. peasantry. e. emperor.
c
In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States Select one: a. obtained a concession from Colombia. b. negotiated a lease with the Panamanian government. c. supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia. d. formed an alliance with France. e. All of these
c
One important factor in colonial administration depended on Select one: a. The establishment of a white majority b. Autocratic hegemony and oppression of locals c. the number of European settlers in the area who could be counted on to rule themselves. d. Client kingships with friendly elites e. Religious syncretism
c
The growth of towns and cities was made easier by railways, creating the commuter society. This affected primarily which class? Select one: a. The wealthy, who could afford train tickets b. Missionaries seeking to evangelize c. Working-class laborers in the suburbs d. Middle-class entrepreneurs escaping to country estates on the weekend e. Students traveling to universities
c
The most important urban technological innovation was Select one: a. paved roadways for transport and travel. b. gas lamps for lighting. c. pipes for water and sewage. d. electric streetcars and subways. e. apartment buildings.
c
The most influential idea of the nineteenth century was Select one: a. existentialism. b. liberalism. c. nationalism. d. authoritarianism. e. Darwinism.
c
The most successful leader of Italian unification efforts was: Select one: a. Camillo Cavour b. Benito Mussolini c. Giuseppe Garabaldi d. Giuseppe Mazzinni e. Pope Pius IX
c
The negative environmental effects of nineteenth-century industrialization included all of the following except a. deforestation and reduction of agriculture for areas used for mining coal, iron, and limestone. b. chemical and dye materials dumped into the rivers. c. depletion of the ozone layer. d. smoke and particulate matter polluting the air. e. large piles of waste product and slag left behind.
c
The power of Western technology convinced many Euro-Americans that Select one: a. as Nietzsche said, God was dead. b. non-Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to Western lifestyles. c. Western ideas, customs, and culture were superior to non-Western lifestyles. d. neither culture was superior but could coexist peacefully. e. the West had a lot to learn from non-Western societies.
c
The pretext for the US taking Cuba from Spain was Select one: a. the threat of a junta by pro-Spanish agriculturalists in Cuba threatened US sugar and tobacco plantations. b. support for Cuba entering the free-trade sugar market c. the sinking of the battleship Maine d. Spain's reneging on payment of Mexican debt to the US e. support for Emilio Aguinaldo's independence movement from Spain.
c
The system of administering and exploiting the colonies for the benefit of the home country is Select one: a. "benevolent neglect." b. "mercantilism." c. "colonialism." d. "reluctant imperialism." e. "splendid isolation."
c
Under the policy of economic botany, exotic plants were relocated to other areas of the world. Coffee spread to: Select one: a. Indonesia and Argentina b. Cuba and Haiti c. Brazil and Africa d. Philippines and China e. Vietnam and Thailand
c
What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property? Select one: a. Liberalism b. Manichaeism c. Socialism d. Mercantilism e. Capitalism
c
When Western women arrived in the colonies, they created Select one: a. a more relaxed and "homey" atmosphere. b. a more "civilized" atmosphere as these women insisted on Western daily customs. c. a more racist and segregated environment. d. a more open society. e. all of these.
c
When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s, Select one: a. they were a failure because people feared new inventions. b. only men could use them. c. businessmen found that they were ideal tools for women workers. d. widespread job losses resulted. e. they created new jobs for immigrant workers.
c
Who was the most famous early-nineteenth-century nationalist? Select one: a. John D. Rockefeller b. Cecil Rhodes c. Giuseppe Mazzini d. Emma Goldman e. Gavrilo Princip
c
Workers around the world primarily sought change Select one: a. by striking. b. through radical socialist ideology. c. by participating in the political system through voting. d. by overthrowing political institutions. e. by changing jobs.
c
A tactic taken by colonial administrations to gain cooperation of indigenous people was to Select one: a. start a pyramid scheme of profit distribution with local elites if they would induce cooperation with locals. b. set a contract for the length of time before indigenous populations could achieve full self-government. c. build hospitals and schools and hope for goodwill. d. hire local youths for "modern jobs" within the new colonial government, ensuring loyalty. e. start a tribal war and then intervene to obtain local cooperation.
d
After the Franco-Prussian War, a significant point of dispute between France and Germany was Select one: a. France's insistence that Strasbourg speak French. b. Germany's assault on French naval supremacy. c. Germany's desire that France get out of Africa. d. Germany's seizure of Alsace and Lorraine. e. Germany's support for Alfred Dreyfus.
d
As a result of immigration, between 1850-1910, the population of northern America increased by almost a. three-quarters b. ten-fold c. twice d. four-fold e. half
d
Besides conquering large amounts of territory, the New Imperialism was most significant for Select one: a. spawning racism within Western society. b. allowing dependent areas to develop governments. c. the educational and health benefits bestowed on the indigenous populations. d. creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers. e. recognizing international cultural diversity.
d
Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state focused on using Select one: a. religion and conservatism. b. ethnicity and race. c. liberalism and language. d. industry and nationalism. e. democracy and liberalism.
d
By 1900, Britain controlled all of the following industries except: a. international banking b. submarine cables. c. shipping d. chemical dyes e. foreign infrastructure development
d
Japan's plan for imperialism as defined by Yamagata Aritomo was to Select one: a. control the Aleutian Islands. b. impose Japanese military domination over the world. c. conquer India. d. control a "sphere of influence" to include Manchuria, Korea, and part of China. e. follow the lead of the United States and pursue Manifest Destiny.
d
Once government-owned industries in Japan became profitable, Select one: a. they were divided into shares and given to the poorest Japanese citizens. b. the profits were used to subsidize farmers. c. they were placed under the military. d. they were sold to private investors. e. the company was turned over to workers' control.
d
Russian conquest of the Central Asian lands yielded a new resource of: Select one: a. opium b. copper c. silk d. cotton e. tea
d
Some women sought satisfaction outside of the home and became involved Select one: a. in working as volunteer social workers or nurses. b. in organizing reform movements to curtail alcohol, prostitution, and child labor. c. in working for women's suffrage. d. All of these e. None of these
d
The Boxer Uprising was a series of riots Select one: a. that rid China of the Japanese presence. b. that demonstrated the support for Christianity in China. c. that clearly demonstrated Japanese nationalism. d. encouraged by Chinese officials against foreign presence. e. that placed Japan under direct military control.
d
The Platt Amendment Select one: a. stated that the United States could occupy any Caribbean island. b. prevented slavery in the West Indies. c. allowed U.S. investment in former Spanish colonies. d. gave the United States the right to intervene to maintain "order" in the Caribbean. e. All of these
d
The Victorian Age refers to rules of behavior and family wherein Select one: a. male and female children were educated away from the family in boarding schools. b. women were finally encouraged to work outside the home. c. men and women began to share equally the duties of child-rearing. d. the home was idealized as a peaceful and loving refuge. e. marriage was an economic contract between male and female.
d
The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India because a. of those nations' textile industries. b. Indians and other tropical peoples could not afford chemical dyes. c. of the environmental impact of dye factories. d. those nations grew the most indigo. e. the industry exploited workers in those countries.
d
The increase in the number of Europeans overseas was largely due to a. plague spreading in Europe. b. famine and starvation. c. epidemic disease in Europe. d. a drop in the death rate. e. the abolition of serfdom in Russia.
d
The largest railway network in the world at the end of the nineteenth century was in a. Mexico. b. Great Britain. c. Japan. d. the United States. e. Canada.
d
The last independent state in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth century was Select one: a. Malaya. b. Vietnam. c. Burma. d. Siam. e. Indochina.
d
The most important duty of middle class women was considered: Select one: a. supporting her husband by creating a happy domestic sphere. b. teaching. c. maintaining moral and spiritual purity. d. raising children. e. contributing to the household economy.
d
Urban planning methods in replacing old, crowded cities included Select one: a. organizing neighborhoods according to immigrant nationality. b. creating "planned communities" with all amenities within walking distance of miniature villages. c. removing vestiges of medieval town halls. d. laying out new cities on rectangular grids. e. maintaining traditional streets to appeal to national historical memory.
d
Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling and trade? Select one: a. Tsar Nicholas b. Robert Clive c. Cecil Rhodes d. Matthew Perry e. Benjamin Disraeli Feedback
d
Who was not invited to the to the inauguration of the Suez Canal by Khedive Ismail? Select one: a. The Queen of England b. The King of Belgium c. The Tsar of Russia d. The Ottoman sultan e. none of these.
d
Why was imperialism so popular with the western general public? Select one: a. People coveted adventure and new frontiers. b. To expand on European hegemony. c. Social Darwinism d. It served as an expression of nationalism at the time. e. A driving desire to spread Christianity in the era of the Second Great Reawakening.
d
Which of the following was NOT among the demand for minerals necessary for the new Industrialization? Select one: a. diamonds b. copper c. coal d. manganese e. silver
e
A conflict between men and women in radical political movements resulted in: Select one: a. working class women had little time for politics. b. Emma Goldman and Rosa Luxemburg attracted a few followers. c. the reluctant realization that women's liberation would have to come second to workers' rights. d. exclusion from trade unions and radical political parties. e. all of these.
e
A technological advance of the late nineteenth century was Select one: a. the breech-loading rifle. b. the machine gun. c. smokeless powder. d. quinine. e. all of these.
e
According to Marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when Select one: a. free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in Europe. b. war broke out and the Western industrialized, Christian world conquered the East. c. "scientific socialism" was proven by the intellectuals. d. war broke down barriers of nationalism and included colonist countries. e. workers tired of being "have-nots" and rose up in violent opposition to their oppressors.
e
Among the cultural motives for the New Imperialism was a desire to Select one: a. spread Christianity. b. abolish slavery. c. "civilize" people of the colonies by bringing them Western education, medicine, and customs. d. end oppressive treatment of women, like sati. e. All of these
e
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States Select one: a. purchased the Philippines. b. took Puerto Rico. c. took Guam. d. interfered heavily in Cuba. e. All of these
e
Care and support of the new infrastructure by municipal governments included all of the following except Select one: a. fire protection. b. health inspectors. c. police protection. d. garbage removal. e. homeowner's associations.
e
How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century? a. There were more efficient, powerful engines. b. The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons. c. Steel replaced wooden hulls. d. Propellers replaced paddle wheels. e. All of these
e
In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that the elimination of private property would Select one: a. strip the bourgeoisie of their oppressive powers. b. redistribute all material wealth universally. c. end the suffering of the third world. d. empower the workers to have a revolution. e. establish a new society without government.
e
Industrial chemistry was a great advantage to Germany because Germany a. allowed the government to support those industries. b. was forbidden to do military research. c. was the most innovative nation at that time. d. controlled the sources for the raw materials. e. had the most advanced scientific institutions.
e
Industrialization in Russia took significantly longer because: Select one: a. wealthy landowners blocked most reforms in Russia. b. Tsars were suspicious and conservative. c. There was almost no commercial middle class in Russia d. Serfdom was the predominant labor model until 1861. e. All of these
e
Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by Select one: a. negotiating with Western diplomats. b. keeping out all foreign influences. c. using propaganda to make Japanese people hostile to Westerners. d. restricting Western access to Japan. e. becoming a world-class industrial power.
e
One of the most significant environmental effects of building railroads was a. displacement of the indigenous populations. b. soil erosion that damaged agriculture. c. destruction of local wildlife. d. pollution from coal burning engines. e. vast consumption of lumber.
e
One of the most significant reforms undertaken by Japan's Meiji oligarchs was Select one: a. limiting the power of the emperor. b. All of these c. adopting Marxist economic policies. d. building a military aristocracy. e. opening schools to train Japanese students in Western science and technology.
e
Suffragists lobbied for which reform of women's lives? Select one: a. workers' rights. b. elimination of prostitution. c. equal wages. d. access to universities. e. the right to vote.
e
The concept of Social Darwinism argued that Select one: a. "Might makes right." b. Racism was justified c. Imperialism was justified by Divine Right. d. Capitalism was the only sound economic model. e. social and radical differences resulted from natural processes.
e
The major cash crop from Southeast Asia and Indonesia for European benefit was Select one: a. rice. b. sugar. c. manioc. d. coffee. e. rubber.
e
The nineteenth-century movement that defended workers against their employers was Select one: a. millenarianism. b. liberalism. c. the Wobblies. d. Social Darwinism. e. the labor union movement.
e
What was the political motivation for France to participate in imperialism? Select one: a. their defeat in the North American mercantile colonies served as a forewarning to them to do better next time. b. Their feeling of justification from having provided labor and funds for the Suez Canal. c. A significant growth in factory production of rubber necessitated raw resources. d. feeling the need to protect their acquired territory from the Crimean War in 1855. e. defeat by Prussia in 1871 made them sensitive to international humiliation.
e
Which of the following is not one way that cities in industrial nations changed their character in the nineteenth century? Select one: a. Police and fire departments were created. b. Sanitation improved and death rates decreased. c. Railroads with regular schedules brought food and commuters into the cities to work. d. City planning was used. e. Poverty virtually disappeared.
e
Why did nationalism fail to unify Russia and Austria-Hungary? Select one: a. Their empires did not have a national anthem or flag. b. Their empires were too far away from states with new exciting ideas. c. Their economies were too poor. d. Their empires never developed public education. e. Their empires included many ethnic and language groups.
e