world civ test

How long (approximately/roughly) did it take humans to build something bigger/taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza, and what was/were this/these buildings?

4,000 years. The building was the Eiffel Tower.

What is a dynasty (when we use the term in the context of a kingdom or empire)?

A line of rules from the same family.

Some of the Egyptian gods were anthropomorphic, some were zoomorphic and some were "half'n'half": what does each of these terms/descriptions mean? Please describe what was the Egyptian Book of the Dead

Anthropomorphic: Human-like, Zoomorphic: Animal like, Half and half: half humanlike, half animal like. The Egyptian book of the dead was one of the many holy books of the Egyptian Religion, and is the most famous one. It is instructions on how to be dead.

What are the two most famous boxes mentioned in the Bible?

Ark of the Covenant, Noah's Ark.

What kind of bodily punishments did the Code of Hammurabi have?

Beatings, chopping of hands, feet noses, and ears

What were the 2 main reasons why capital and corporate punishments used to be done in public?

Because it was entertainment and was a message to NOT commit the capital punishments.

hy is Delta Airline's logo shaped as a triangle?

Because of the Greek letter of the same name.

Why are the giant Egyptian pyramids a sign of prosperity and peaceful times?

Because they showed that the economy and peace was stable enough to fund the building of such a structure (extra time for the pyramid)

What kind of punishments do we call "capital" and where is this name derived from?

Beheading- deCAPITAte- CAPITAl punishment. Capita is also head in latin.

What is the connection between the scene from Borat we saw in class and history?

Borat is from Kazahkistan where marriage by capture is common. He attempts to do this to Pam Anderson from Baywatch.

Please list at least four different violent activities people still enjoy watching or participating in for entertainment.

Boxing, shoot 'em up video games, horror movies, wrestling

Give several examples of cardinal and ordinal numbers.

Cardinal: one two three Ordinal: first second third

Describe the royal loop, aka the cartouche: what did it look like (you may draw a sketch), what was it used for, what did it stand for/represent/symbolize and why?

Cartouche was a "Royal Loop" that was used to write the pharaoh's name in. It stood for eternity/immortality to represent the pharaoh's soul being immortal.

What two factors/conditions did the severity of punishments in the Code of Hammurabi depend on, how did punishments vary depending on these two factors, how does this reflect the value people used to place on human life, and how is this different from modern USA?

Class and gender. Higher class=lower punishment, and men would be punished less harshly than women. Punishment and value depends on your gender and status. The USA has more equal justice, no cruel unusual and has lawyers.

What is the connection between Corpus Christi (a town in Texas or a name of a school in LA) and bodily punishments?

Corpus=Corporal punishments.

You will be given the pictures of impaling victims, Count Vlad Dracula the Impaler, and a vampire named Count Dracula from the handout I gave you in class: you will be asked to label them correctly and explain the connection between all of them and the Code of Hammurabi (i.e. how does the Code of Hammurabi connect to impaling, impaling to Vlad Dracula, Vlad Dracula to the vampire named after him, etc.?)

Count Vlad Dracula (the Impaler)'s favorite punishment was impaling, just like one of the punishments in Hammurabi's Code. He was "bloodthirsty" just like Count Dracula the Vampire.

What were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon designed to resemble, who were they built for and why, and why were they included in the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?

Designed to resemble the hills, forests, and creeks of one of Nebu's wife's homeland since she was homesick for her native land. Was so big and beautiful that it became one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world.

In Egypt, the main attributes of royal power, aka the regalia, included the Double/Combined Crown, the fake beard, the royal staff, and the royal flail: what did each one of them symbolize and why?

Double crown: Symbolized the unity of the country. When wearing both, was a formal occasion. One part represented lower, one upper. Beard: Represented wisdom and masculinity w/o having to grow actual hair (which was looked down upon). Royal staff: Shepard's stick. Leadership/guidance, and protection. Subjects=flock. Flail: Farm tool. Food provider.

Why did King Tut have so many major problems with his health, was this a common problem in royal families and why?

Due to his incestuous roots. This was common because of families trying to keep bloodlines pure from outsiders, therefore marrying siblings was common.

You will be given a copy of the bar relief image from the wall of one of the US Supreme Court's courtrooms (the one in your handout) and you will be asked to identify the 3 men in it, explain what they all have in common and how these men connect to the US Supreme Court or the US Congress.

First is King Menes, Second is Hammurabi, third is Moses. They are all credited with giving sets of laws to their people. The Congress makes people just like those three.

What could you be enslaved for according to the Code of H.?

For debt.

What happened to the First Temple and the Ark of the Covenant after Nebuchadnezzar's capture of Jerusalem?

He destroyed it.

What is King Tutankhamun, aka king Tut, most famous for, and why do I think he does not really deserve his fame?

His grave in the Valley was the only one that we found in tact. He didn't accomplish much in his short life (died when teenager), however, and that's why you don't think he deserves fame.

hat is the connection between Indiana Jones and the Ark of the Covenant?

His movie says that he finds it.

Some people claim that Elvis Presley actually never died: do you think Elvis is still alive or not?

I'm not sure. But judging from what I know about conspiracy theorists, he probably isn't (though I do believe in the Tupac theory).

What is one of the benefits of education underscored by the fate of two different groups of Jews during the Babylonian Captivity?

If you got an education, you got to be a scribe and not toil around in the sun in construction.

The history of ancient Egypt is usually divided into three major TYPES of periods: three "kingdoms", three "intermediates" and three "foreigners". Please name them all and briefly explain what characteristics/features set them apart from one another. You may sketch a basic timeline if you think this will help you answer this question.

Intermediates were bad times, Kingdoms were good. Old was the Pyramid Age, and new was teh age of King Tut and Ramses (the Exodus). Persian, Greek, and Roman were the three foreign, and Cleopatra ruled around 30 BCE between Greek and Roman times. See timeline.

Please describe the Ark of the Covenant: what is "an ark", what 2 objects were in it, what was inscribed on them, etc.?

It was a box (ark) that had the two stone tablets with the 10 Commandments on them.

Why was the so-called First Jewish Temple such an important place for the Jews? (two reasons: smth about sacrifices and smth about a sacred object)

It was built on the spot where abraham had almost sacrificed Isaac. Built above a rock outcrop where they thought was the spot.

What two things set the last Egyptian dynasty apart from all other Egyptian dynasties and who was the last pharaoh in that dynasty?

It was the 32nd dynasty. It was ethnically Greek so it had a name-- Ptolemy Dynasty. The last pharaoh of the dynasty was Cleopatra.

Which very common modern punishment for criminals did not exist in ancient and medieval times?

Jail time. Jail was for waiting for punishment, not a punishment.

What are the two connections between king Menes of Egypt and Elvis Presley?

Menes founded the Egyptian city of Memphis, and Elvis Presley is from the American city of Memphis.

How did 10s of thousands of Jews end up in Babylon and what is Babylonian Captivity?

Nebuchadnezzar banished them to Babylon and they worked there as semi-slaves for 50-60 yrs

ou will be given a copy of the ancient Egyptian wall painting of the Trial/Judgment of Osiris, aka the Weighing of the Heart, and you will be asked to describe it by answering the following questions: who was Osiris, what 2 objects were weighed on the scales, and why were they being weighed, what would determine if the person was good or bad, what would happen to the heart if it belonged to a bad person, what were the monster's 3 parts, what did the Egyptians believe happened to the souls of good people and bad people after the trial was over? What is the connection between The Matrix and the Egyptian god Osiris?

Osiris was the god of the dead. The two objects were the heart of the one being judged, and a feather from the god of justice and truth. They were being weighed to determine if the judged's soul would be immortal or would cease existing. If the heart was equal to the feather, then the soul belonged to a good person not weighed down by guilt and bad-ness. It would go to the Happy Field of Food where it would be immortal. If the heart weighed more than the feather, then it belonged to a bad person. The heart would be eaten by Ammut, the one third crocodile, 1/3 lion, and 1/3 hippo monster. The soul would die and the person would cease to exist, a fate considered to be the worst of all (there was no hell). The connection to the Matrix is that the first ship to be shot down is the Osiris, and the first god to die was Osiris!

Who built the Egyptian pyramids: slaves, peasants, craftsmen, architects, aliens?

Peasants paying their labour tax.

Describe "private revenge", "blood feud" and "marriage by capture".

Private revenge: You can't take justice into your own hands and decide innocence/guilt and punish the other. Had to go to court Blood feud: When relatives of someone who has been killed/otherwise wronged can punish the culprits and innocent relatives. Whole family is responsible for crime of one person and would only end until one of the 2 families was wiped out. Marriage by capture: Stealing/kidnapping a woman and declaring her your wife. All three outlawed in Hammurabi Code.

How did ancient Egyptians benefit from the deserts and the seas around them and how can natural barriers be a disadvantage for a country?

Protects from invaders, but you're cut off from the rest of the world (trade, inventions, discoveries)

Provided both the victim and the criminal were of the same gender and the same social class, how did the Code of Hammurabi say punishments should be decided?

Punishment had to fit/match the crime. it had to be "an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth"

You will be given a blank map of ancient Egypt (similar to the one you were handed in class as part of the Egyptian packet) and you will have to label or mark the following areas: the Mediterranean and the Red seas, the Nile, its delta, the 1st cataract, Lower and Upper Egypt areas, the deserts and the area along the Nile inhabited by people.

See map in binder.

What are the two ways to tell an English word of Greek origin, which I mentioned in class? Provide several examples of such words.

Silent "p" at the beginning. Pterodactyl, psychic, pneumonia. Also ph=f. Pharaoh, phone, elephant.

Why did the pyramid builders need to start construction as soon as the new pharaoh came to power?

So it would be complete before the Pharaoh got sick/died.

The 2 most famous Egyptian pyramids are the Step Pyramid and the Great Pyramid of Giza: what makes each one of them famous/special, why was the Great Pyramid of Giza included into the list of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and what sets it apart from the other six wonders?

Step pyramid was the first attempt at a pyramid, Giza was the tallest structure in the world for 4,000 years. Giza was added due to it's size. Last ancient wonder standing.

What is the origin of having "best men" at weddings and the custom of carrying one's bride over the threshold?

Stepping over the threshold: Getting to your front doorstep before family of wife got you (now officially your bride) Best man: helps the groom kidnap.

How were most of the conscripted peasants paid for their work building the pyramids (or what were they provided with), and where did the government get all the resources and money to pay for such expensive projects as the pyramids?

Sustenance (food) and pots/etc. from those who paid taxes with goods/produce. Got resources from taxes.

What do you call the religion of ancient Egypt?

The Egyptian Religion.

Was the Egyptian religion polytheistic or not (trick question), how did king Akhenaten try to change it, why was this so special, and why was his innovation short-lived?

The Egyptian religion was polytheistic EXCEPT for the ten year period of enforced monotheism by Akenaten. It was the first time ever that a religion had the concept of monotheism. His innovation was short lived after his death because as they say, "old traditions die hard", and that is no exception to the other priests and their religions

Where did the Egyptians bury their pharaohs and the pharaohs' wives after they stopped building the pyramids?

The Valley of Kings and the Valley of Queens.

During what time of year did the Egyptians carry out most of the construction of the pyramids, and why during that particular time?

The flood season because they couldn't farm then.

What did the Egyptians value more: a human heart or a brain, why, and what did they do to each of those two organs after a person's death?

The heart because it contained all of the emotions and thoughts. Brain was thrown away since it was useless, heart was kept in the body.

What is labor tax, or corvee?

The paying of one's taxes via working on a public project such as the pyramids.

What eventually happened to the plant resin Egyptian embalmers used in mummification and what was it confused for? Why and how did some of the Egyptian mummies end up being eaten by people in the past?

The plant resin/sap that embalmers used to glue strips of linens to keep the body together eventually hardened and darkened. People (medieval times) found these mummies and mistook the resin for "mumia", a mineral used in medicine. Since they couldn't remove the resin from the skin, they crushed up the whole body to give to the sick as medicine.

What is embalming, or mummification? The definition I gave you in class will do.

The preservation of a corpse.

How did the Code of Hammurabi actually say people should be punished for causing harm to someone else's body parts (such as eyes or teeth, for example) if both the victim and the criminal were of the same gender and the same social class, and what kind of legal principle, or an idea about justice and fairness, do we often metaphorically describe as "an eye for an eye" or "a tooth for a tooth"? (Prompt: something has to match/fit something else)

The punishment must fit the crime.

What did the Egyptians believe mummification was needed for?

The soul of the mummy needed to visit the body to "recharge" every so often. The body needed to be the right one and recognizable, so that is why Egyptians needed mummification: to keep the mummy preserved and recognizable so the soul would keep on being immortal.

Mummification could only be afforded by the upper and the middle class: how did the poor Egyptians get their corpses mummified for cheap, and why would that method work, too?

They buried their dead in desert cemeteries as a cheap way to mummify- the sand would demoisturize and preserve the body (like salt)

What did the Egyptian see their pharaohs as (in relationship to gods), who did the pharaohs often were expected to marry, and why?

They were considered a god. They were expected to marry in the family (incest) to keep the blood within the royal family.

What substance did the Egyptians use to prevent corpses from rotting? Why would it do the job, i.e. what does this substance do to soft tissue, and how does this prevent rotting of dead tissue? What is the connection between the Egyptian mummies and the fish jerky that I, and some of you, ate in class?

They were covered in salt which dries out and absorbs moisture in the body which prevents rotting. This is similar to beef jerky and the fish jerky we tried in class.

What did the ancient Egyptian pyramids serve as, and what was inside them: was it all just solid rock/brick, were there any hollow spaces/areas, what were they, etc.?

They were royal tombs for the pharaohs. They had entrance passages (and the circumpolar star thingy) and the burial chambers/sarcophagus inside them, but besides that were solid rock.

What was the trial by ordeal designed to establish, in what circumstances would the judges resort to using it, what could that challenge be, how did the judges interpret the 2 different outcomes of any such challenge (why would they think some people passed it and others didn't) and what would be a couple of examples of such trials both in the past and in present?

They would use it if the verdict couldn't be reached by deliberation (suspected witchraft or if the verdict couldn't be reached by any other method) then they would do trial by ordeal, which usually consisted of throwing the suspected into a river. This reasoning was getting a sign from the gods: if they drowned, they were guilty (gods didn't favor them) and if they survived, they were innocent (gods favored). Two examples would be the remote Bedowin (?) tribe who use a hot spoon to judge their accused (whoever had the least injury had the favor of the gods and was innocent) and the 17th century witch hunts where accused witches were thrown into a body of water. If they sunk, they were innocent and in heaven, but if they floated, they were guilty and a witch. Another would be trial by cake. You choke, you're guilty.

What 2 things did the Jews famously accomplish during the Babylonian Captivity (the educated wrote smth and the uneducated built smth)?

They wrote down their religious accounts+stories and became what is known as the Torah, and supposedly helped build the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

Why did the Egyptians finally stop building the giant pyramids (2 reasons)?

Too expensive and too hard to repair and guard the pyramid.

What did/do people in any country - Egypt or not - expect their leaders, kings and presidents to provide/ensure for their subjects?

Unity, power and wisdom, guidance/leadership, protection, and security/continuity.

What do governments and their people in general NOT spend on what during the time of peace?

War.

Since the Egyptians did not have family names, how do historians distinguish between the Egyptian dynasties: what "names" did we assign to them?

We used ordinal numbers to distinguish between them (1st dynasty, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)

What is a river's delta, where does this name come from and why, of all letters, was this particular one picked?

Where the mouth of the river splits off into multiple streams, looks like a triangle. Came from the greek letter Delta which looks like a triangle like the letter.

What is the other name we use for Jerusalem and what is the connection between the movie The Matrix and king Nebuchadnezzar?

Zion. Nebuchadnezzar is the name of a battleship in The Matrix that protects the last human city, Zion!

You will be given an image of the First Temple (similar to the one in your handouts) and you will need to identify and label the Ark of the Covenant and the altar, and to explain how you were able to recognize them.

it's a box and it's a big ol bonfire