World Civ test 2

Which year marked the beginning of a unified China under the Qin state? 206 C.E. 581 B.C.E. 221 B.C.E. 764 C.E.

221 B.C.E.

Mystery religions featured which of the following? The promise of reincarnation The worship of a wide range of spirits and deities, both known and unknown A belief in the mysterious and sometimes malevolent force of Tyche A body of rituals and beliefs not divulged to anyone not initiated into them

A body of rituals and beliefs not divulged to anyone not initiated into them

To what does the Carolingian Renaissance refer? A growing veneration of the fathers of Roman Christianity An enthusiastic interest in Roman military history A growing interest in the ideas of classical Greece and Rome Charlemagne's clever invention of a bureaucracy necessary to operate a vast empire

A growing interest in the ideas of classical Greece and Rome

What was an agora? A temple complex A fortified stronghold A marketplace A plot of arable land for farming

A marketplace

What was a gynaeceum? A large reception hall A public bath A woman's apartment An art gallery

A woman's apartment

Who led a rebellion against the Tang government in 755 C.E.? Yang Guifei Emperor Gaozong Empress Wu An Lushan

An Lushan

What important position did Solon hold as he reformed Athens? King Archon Emperor Tyrant

Archon

The crowning achievement of Pericles's rebuilding of the Acropolis was the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to which of the following? Athena and the greatness of Athens Zeus and the idea of a unified Greece Poseidon and Athens's control of the seas Aphrodite and the importance of love

Athena and the greatness of Athens

Why was Buddhism so appealing to the people of China?

Buddhism appealed to the Chinese through it's Chinese transformation. It was never completely accepted in China and was first appropriated using Taoist ideas and terminology. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, a truly Chinese Buddhist transition already emerged. Since more Chinese people begin to follow Buddhism it became a religious trend that most people started to go along with. Buddhism wasn't actually appealing to the Chinese initially.

What were early Christian attitudes toward sex? What influenced those attitudes?

Christians were taught that celibacy was the right way to go and anything that distracted someone from the spiritual world was an evil function. For most clerical writers they believed the temptation was because of women and some of the writers portrayed women as the "devils gateway". In the first century male church leaders put restrictions on female believers. Women were not allowed to preach and couldn't hold official positions in the Christian church other than women monasteries. It is influenced by the official hierarchy of the Roman Empire.

Which fifth-century Merovingian leader helped unify the Franks? Clovis Gregory Merovech Charles Martel

Clovis

What crime was Socrates tried and executed for in 399 B.C.E.? Giving information to a Persian intelligence agent Undermining the authority of the government Denying the divinity of Zeus Corrupting the youth of Athens

Corrupting the youth of Athens

Where did Christian monasticism begin? Egypt Rome Constantinople Jerusalem

Egypt

How did Rome solve the problem of feeding its growing population? Emperors provided free bread, oil, and wine to the population. Leaders started subsidizing the cost of basic commodities. Emperors combined small tenant farms into huge agricultural operations. The Senate forced thousands of residents out of the city to colonize the frontiers.

Emperors provided free bread, oil, and wine to the population.

What country served as an important base for the conversion of Germany and other parts of northern Europe? Spain France England Portugal

England

Other than Greeks, who were the first people to build permanent settlements in Italy? Etruscans Egyptians Hittites Persians

Etruscans

The spread of Hellenistic culture was bolstered by Alexander's tradition of doing what in his newly conquered territories? Forcibly resettling conquered peoples in Greece Founding new cities with mixed populations Placing Macedonian kings in charge Censoring art and culture that criticized him

Founding new cities with mixed populations

According to Map 6.2, "Roman Expansion, 262 B.C.E.-180 C.E.," which region was home to the largest number of land trade routes? Germania Britain Spain Gaul

Gaul

The Confucian scholar-official system began during the Han Dynasty. Qin Dynasty. Age of Division. Zhou period.

Han Dynasty

What was Aristarchus's most important contribution to astronomy? He argued that Earth is far larger than the sun. He theorized that the stars are close to Earth and to one another. He believed that Earth and the planets revolve around the sun. He asserted that telescopes are necessary for all astronomical work.

He believed that Earth and the planets revolve around the sun.

What significant political change did Diocletian enact? He used the titles "Augustus" and "Caesar." He adopted the court ceremonies of the Persian Empire. He converted to Christianity and made it the state religion. He divided the Roman Empire into two parts.

He divided the Roman Empire into two parts.

Why did Emperor Theodosius destroy the pagan temples in the late fourth century? He believed they were centers of sedition. He wanted to use the buildings for official purposes. He expected the Christian Church's support in return. He saw that they were no longer being used.

He expected the Christian Church's support in return.

How did Gaius Marius recruit men to serve in an African campaign? He promised them citizenship. He recruited them by paying them gold coins. He offered to pardon them if they had been criminals. He promised land to landless men in return for their service.

He promised land to landless men in return for their service.

According to the most common Roman creation myth, who assisted Rome's first ruler, Romulus, with the rule of the city? He was helped by a council of advisers called the Senate. He was assisted by his brother Remus, a military commander. He was only able to rule the city with help of the gods. He relied heavily on his aristocratic wife and her family.

He was helped by a council of advisers called the Senate.

Which early scientist dissected corpses to learn more about anatomy and physiology? Euclid Archimedes Hippocrates Herophilus

Herophilus

Why did Alexander's eastward expansion of his empire stop at the Hyphasis River? His Macedonian army refused to continue fighting. The powerful Indian army defeated the Macedonians. The Persian army attacked him from the west. His spiritual advisers warned of unfavorable omens.

His Macedonian army refused to continue fighting.

Which of the following refers to heavily armed Greek foot soldiers? Hoplites Acropolis Chora Legionaries

Hoplites

Archimedes's many contributions to Hellenistic science include his theories about which of the following? Hydrostatics Heliocentrism Physics Astronomy

Hydrostatics

How was Roman society divided in the early republic? Into two groups—the patricians and the plebeians Between Roman citizens and non-Romans who were seen as subject peoples Between urban and rural dwellers Between Roman citizens and their slaves

Into two groups—the patricians and the plebeians

Athens and Persia began a series of wars over Greek cities in what region? Peloponnesus Macedonia Ionia Crete

Ionia

Which of the following is true of Justinian's law code? It was only used in the Byzantine Empire. It became the foundation of law for most modern European nations. It was the first time laws had been written in Europe. It focused on practical civil law but not the philosophy of law.

It became the foundation of law for most modern European nations.

What was accomplished by the Treaty of Verdun? It removed substantial territory from the Byzantine Empire, creating the beginnings of the Holy Roman Empire. It moved the territory today known as Italy, Austria, and France out of the Carolingian Empire and into that of the Merovingian. It created peace between the Muslim armies of the Iberian Peninsula and Charlemagne's armies. It divided the Carolingian Empire, forming the precursors to the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

It divided the Carolingian Empire, forming the precursors to the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

What attracted Chinese women to Buddhism? It encouraged women to pursue salvation and serve the faith on terms nearly equal to men. It guaranteed every woman status as a bodhisattva. It taught that being born female was higher than being born male. It accepted the idea of female rulers and female independence.

It encouraged women to pursue salvation and serve the faith on terms nearly equal to men.

What important theological issue did the Nicene Creed address? It stated that secular leaders could intervene in spiritual concerns. It supported the ideas of Arianism. It explained the nature of Christ's divinity. It denied that Christ was as divine as God the Father.

It explained the nature of Christ's divinity.

Which of the following was true of metalworking in Han China? It was less sophisticated than Roman metalworking. It led to bronze replacing iron in tools. It involved the use of liquefied iron poured into molds. It resulted in bronze being phased out of all products.

It involved the use of liquefied iron poured into molds.

What was a consequence of the controversy over icons in the Eastern Christian Church? The controversy had few consequences beyond theology. It settled the issue of church-state relations in Byzantium. It led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium. It resulted in the destruction of all pagan icons.

It led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium.

Which of the following is true of the Hellenistic city? It had homogeneous populations. It was hampered by an inefficient bureaucracy that proved difficult to maintain. It was overseen by kings with limited authority. It resembled modern cities and served as both a cultural and an economic center.

It resembled modern cities and served as both a cultural and an economic center.

Which of the following was true of Byzantine medicine? It was less advanced than their work in other sciences. It resulted in an understanding of the connection between sanitation and disease. It led to practical treatment for the "Justinian plague." It was more advanced than medicine in Western Europe.

It was more advanced than medicine in Western Europe.

How did the Hellenistic city differ from the polis? It perceived itself as a community of citizens. It was united by religious rituals. It tolerated same-sex relations. It was not autonomous and had to follow royal orders.

It was not autonomous and had to follow royal orders.

Describe the complex of Knossos on Crete and what it indicates about Minoan culture.

Knossos was the capital city of Minoan culture that was centered on the island of Crete. The Minoan civilization at Knossos represented a cultural high point in the Mediterranean Sea. According to Greek mythology, it was the capital of King Minos and the home of the labyrinth. It indicates the flourishing culture and architecture. The Minoan cities were built with few defenses, which indicated that the Minoans controlled the sea and depended on their ability to keep raiders from reaching Crete.

How did the inheritance system in Han China usually work? All land and property were passed to the eldest son. All children inherited equally. Land was divided equally among the sons in a family. Land and money were divided between the spouse and the oldest child.

Land was divided equally among the sons in a family.

Prior to becoming a bishop, Ambrose of Milan had received what kind of training? Medical Legal Rhetoric Military

Legal

What did the philosophy of Stoicism strongly emphasize? Personal achievement The acceptance of Tyche or chance The ability to endure suffering Living a virtuous life

Living a virtuous life

Why were slaves in high demand throughout the Hellenistic world? Slaves were traded for goods from China and India. Large-scale agriculture was dependent on slaves. Monarchs equated their power with how many slaves they owned. Manual labor continued to produce most goods.

Manual labor continued to produce most goods.

On whom did early Christian missionaries concentrate their conversion efforts? Urban residents Pagan priests Rural peasants Members of royal families

Members of royal families

Carolingian power over the Franks was solidified by Charles Martel's defeat of which group in 732, at Poitiers? Muslim invaders The Visigoths The Burgundians Celtic warriors

Muslim invaders

Which of the following took place during the Age of Division? A eunuch ruled China through child emperors. The Han Dynasty only maintained control of northern China. Buddhism was widely suppressed by most local rulers. Nanjing became the capital of southern China.

Nanjing became the capital of southern China.

Arianism was condemned by Constantine at what council in 325? Nicaea Tours Rome Athens

Nicaea

During the republic, which of the following was true of the Roman Senate? Its only function was to pass legislation. It had little power and was advised by consuls. Like the consuls, it changed its membership annually. One of its chief responsibilities was to advise officials and consuls.

One of its chief responsibilities was to advise officials and consuls.

Which of the following was one of the causes of Greek colonization and a particularly persistent problem for Sparta? A lack of financial prosperity in the polis Overpopulation and a limited food supply The need to find new gods to worship An overabundance of natural resources

Overpopulation and a limited food supply

Why did Han officials encourage peasants to be independent and productive? Peasants made up the bulk of the population and contributed vital taxes and labor services to the state. All peasants had high social ambitions and were easily coerced into doing difficult jobs for the possibility of advancement. China's peasants were well known for their military skills and were required to serve in the emperor's army. Most peasants also had secondary skills such as metalworking and weaving and were vital to keeping the economy strong.

Peasants made up the bulk of the population and contributed vital taxes and labor services to the state.

Which student of Socrates developed the theory of "forms"? Plato Aristotle Ptolemy Zeno

Plato

What was one distinction between wealthy, powerful barbarians and ordinary barbarians of lesser status? Only powerful men were expected to fight. Only ordinary barbarians were allowed to drink beer. Powerful men owned cattle, while ordinary men herded sheep. Powerful men sometimes had more than one wife.

Powerful men sometimes had more than one wife.

What was an important difference between the political systems of the Romans and Greeks? Some Greek city-states had monarchies, while Roman city-states never did. Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not. Rome had written laws, while no Greek city-states did. Greeks endured civil war, while Romans did not.

Rome extended citizenship to its conquered peoples, while the Greeks did not.

According to legend, who founded Rome? Latium Romulus and Remus Domitian Silla and Gaulius

Romulus and Remus

For many centuries, who were the most regular foes of the Byzantines? Mongolians Sassanids Franks The Norse

Sassanids

What was unusual about slaves in Athens? All slaves were captured and imported from the wars in North Africa. Slaves were legally forbidden to read. Slaves could vote as a result of democratic reforms. Slaves were paid for their work.

Slaves were paid for their work.

In The Confessions, what does Saint Augustine argue about human behavior? That knowledge and virtue are one and the same That people always act on the basis of rational knowledge That a person who knows what is right will do what is right That all humans are weak-willed and have an innate tendency to sin

That all humans are weak-willed and have an innate tendency to sin

What did the Pre-Socratics conclude from their observations? That the universe consisted of four substances--air, fire, earth, and water That one god had created the entire world That the universe was too complex to be understood That humans had achieved physical perfection

That the universe consisted of four substances--air, fire, earth, and water

The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor caused a decisive break between western Europe and what empire? The Abbasid The Byzantine The Sassanid The Umayyad

The Byzantine

With whom did the pope form an alliance as a result of the iconoclastic controversy? The Byzantine emperor The Frankish monarchy Arian Christians Persian Muslims

The Frankish monarchy

What defensive barrier was built by the Qin emperor using conscripted labor? The Grand Canal The First Wall The Silk Road The Great Wall

The Great Wall

How did the bishops of Rome acquire spiritual and secular leadership in the early fifth century? What was the intellectual justification for this development?

The Roman Empire was divided for administrative purposes into geographical units, dioceses. Each one was headed by a bishop, who had to organize preaching, overseeing community goods and delegating responsibilities for teaching and preaching. The center of a Bishop's authority is his cathedral, a Latin word that means chair. Early Christian church benefited from the administrative abilities of church leaders. Even though conflicts between religious and secular leaders were frequent, the church received support from emperors.

What were some of the economic hardships faced by the Roman Empire in the fourth century C.E. onward?

The Romans faced many economic problems including inflation, decrease in trade and unemployment. There was a drastic drop in value of money and rise in prices. Raiders threatened ships and caravans on sea and land. Crime was running wild through out Rome and everything became corrupt. There was also invasions by the Barbarian tribes.

According to Map 8.2, "The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340-500," which group overran the heart of the ancient Greek empire? The Visigoths The Huns The Vandals The Ostrogoths

The Visigoths

Who formed the first great confederation of nomadic tribes, known as the Huns in the West? The Xiongnu The Chengdu The Qin The Chang'an

The Xiongnu

What was the Byzantines' best-known innovation? The explosive compound known as "Greek fire" The Cyrillic alphabet Bronze weapons The cure for the "Justinian plague"

The explosive compound known as "Greek fire"

What writings provide the historical documentation of the life of Jesus? The sermons he wrote are the main source for his life story. The biographies written by his contemporaries tell his life story. The four Gospels of the Bible provide the principal evidence for his life and deeds. Accounts written by Pontius Pilate provide the most comprehensive information.

The four Gospels of the Bible provide the principal evidence for his life and deeds.

In early Germanic villages, which of the following indicated a man's wealth and determined his social status? His relationship with the king The amount of land he owned The number of cattle he possessed The number of wives he had

The number of cattle he possessed

In Roman families, what was the paterfamilias? The oldest dominant male in a family, who had near absolute power A family council that was composed of all adult males The marriage contract between husband and wife The male family member who was entitled to vote for public office

The oldest dominant male in a family, who had near absolute power

How was the Greek polis different from older models of city-states? The polis was strictly a political institution. The polis was a community of citizens. The polis was unified by one shared religion. The polis was seen as a kingdom under a divine ruler.

The polis was a community of citizens.

Which of the following allowed the bishops of Rome, or popes, to gain increased power and political authority in central Italy? The popes' ability to expand religious and secular authority as a result of their greater independence from Constantinople The close personal relationship that the bishops maintained with the emperors at Constantinople The failure of the emperors at Constantinople to provide financial support for the urban development projects taking place in Rome The tradition of viewing religion as a branch of the state and the church's reliance on councils of bishops and theologians to settle doctrinal disputes peacefully

The popes' ability to expand religious and secular authority as a result of their greater independence from Constantinople

Why was the growth of great empires (like those in Mesopotamia and Egypt) less likely to develop in ancient Greece? The dominance of a middle class, not peasants, worked against empire building. Its people were too ethnically and culturally diverse. The rugged terrain discouraged expansion of any one center. Greek military technology was slow to develop.

The rugged terrain discouraged expansion of any one center.

According to Map 8.1, "The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, ca. 600," which region of the Byzantine Empire experienced the most extensive contact with territory occupied by barbarians? The eastern half The western half The northern half The southern half

The western half

Which of the following was true of Spartan men? They saw their wives as partners and equals. They viewed military service as a necessary evil. Their most meaningful relationships were same-sex ones. They valued family above all else.

Their most meaningful relationships were same-sex ones.

According to Map 5.2, "Greek Colonization, ca. 750-550 B.C.E.," how did Greek colonization routes mimic those of the Phoenicians? Their migratory route typically flowed in an easterly direction. They built their most important settlements in the region of Syria. They largely avoided contact with the coastline of North Africa. Their primary route was along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea.

Their primary route was along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea.

How did church authorities respond to the growing trend of eremitical monasticism? They encouraged all monks to become hermits in the desert. They encouraged hermits to retreat to the edge of towns. They encouraged those who wanted to live ascetic lives to join communities instead. They encouraged all hermits to renounce asceticism altogether.

They encouraged those who wanted to live ascetic lives to join communities instead.

Which of the following is true of Spartan women? They were expected to assist their husbands and travel with them on military campaigns. They enjoyed a more active, public life than most other Greek women. Their single responsibility was to have many children. They were more restricted than most other Greek women.

They enjoyed a more active, public life than most other Greek women.

Which of the following is true of the Minoans? They formed a society that lived on the island of Crete. They settled in Greece after they were driven from their homes in Persia. They were a matriarchal society that lived on the island of Sicily. They were the first peoples who formed a society on the Greek peninsula.

They formed a society that lived on the island of Crete.

Why were the Yamato rulers of Japan able to come to power? They had a strong military and claimed to be descended from the sun-goddess. They claimed they had been chosen by the Tang and the Silla. They claimed they possessed special powers that would ensure an overthrow of the Han Dynasty. They promised material wealth for all followers and to never allow women to rule.

They had a strong military and claimed to be descended from the sun-goddess.

What was significant about Sima Qian's writings? They told the history of the eunuchs who served the Han emperors. They were the first collection of Daoist ideas on government. They included a comprehensive history of China and set a standard for historical writing. They represented the first time a Han official had written in support of Legalism.

They included a comprehensive history of China and set a standard for historical writing.

According to Map 8.3, "The Spread of Christianity, ca. 300-800," how does the early migration of monasticism, prior to its spread across the Mediterranean Sea, reflect the isolationist desires of monks? They migrated primarily into desert regions. They avoided contact with the Greek mainland. They circumvented many of the areas known to have been settled by barbarians. They built many of their settlements along the northern shores of the Black Sea.

They migrated primarily into desert regions.

What roles did the druids fill in Celtic society? They were chieftains and scribes. They served religious and legal functions. They were largely military leaders and scribes They served as clan elders and bards.

They served religious and legal functions.

Which statement is true about the Confucian classics? They were the texts written by Confucius in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. They rejected the ideas of yin and yang and instead promoted piety. They were written by the disciples of Confucius after his death. They were the ancient books recovered after the book burning of the third century B.C.E.

They were the ancient books recovered after the book burning of the third century B.C.E.

Why did the Huns retreat from Italy in the mid fifth century? Their leader, Attila, had died, and their new leader wanted to return home. They were weakened by disease and poor food supply. They were forced out by Visigoths. They did not find what they needed.

They were weakened by disease and poor food supply.

What was the main function of women from citizen families in Athens? To accompany their husbands in public settings To run family estates and manage businesses while their husbands were at war To perform manual labor in the fields or sell goods in the agora To bear and raise children

To bear and raise children

Describe the various commodities that were the basis of the commercial trading network of the Hellenistic world. Consider material and nonmaterial trade. How did this commercial network enhance the unification of the Mediterranean world and beyond?

Traders traded gold, silver, precious stones extended trade to China from which the most prominent good in terms of volume was silk. The people of the Eastern Mediterranean sent east manufactured or extracted goods, especially metal weapons, cloth, wine and olive oil. Commercial trades in essential commodities like raw materials and grain and industrial products like pottery were more economically important than trade in exotic goods. Greek cities often paid for their grain by trading olive oil, wine, dried fruit, and vegetables. Trading fish was important because fish provided poor people with protein which was essential to their diet.

What did Hippocrates think was the best way to treat illnesses? Pray that the evil spirits would leave Use bloodletting and other invasive techniques to remove evil spirits from the body Use natural means to address imbalances in the four basic humors Offer more sacrifices to the gods

Use natural means to address imbalances in the four basic humors

According to Map 8.2, "The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340-500," the migration of which barbarian group best reflects the belief of many historians that many barbarians migrated in search of a warmer climate? Huns Franks Ostrogoths Vandals

Vandals

Who was the author of the Aeneid? Cicero Virgil Augustus Julius Caesar

Virgil

How are Roman women portrayed in Rome's founding legends? Dominant and superior Meek and quiet Virtuous and brave Conniving and deceitful

Virtuous and brave

After Philip II of Macedonia unified Greece, he called upon Greeks and Macedonians to do which of the following? Promise five years of peace to allow for recovery from the war Work together to liberate the Ionian colonies from Persian control Move the royal court to Athens and build him a new palace Form a naval alliance with Persia and invade India

Work together to liberate the Ionian colonies from Persian control

Ban Zhao's Admonitions for Women promoted the ideal virtues for Han women, particularly the virtue of pride. humility. physical strength. piety.

humility.

The early Han policy for dealing with the Xiongnu was to invade and destroy their camps. make peace with gifts and brides. send them sons of the emperors. capture as many of their horses as they could.

make peace with gifts and brides.

The First Punic War ended with a Roman victory and the creation of Rome's first monarchy. diplomatic corps. navy. hospitals.

navy.

The extensive coastline illustrated in Map 5.1, "Classical Greece, ca. 450 B.C.E.," played an important role in the development of major settlements in the interior of Anatolia. a wide variety of agricultural products. that region's numerous land-based trade routes. the Greeks as a seafaring people.

the Greeks as a seafaring people.