World Geography Chapter 3
Hurricanes
-form in northwest coast Africa -primarily in the Atlantic (Pacific ones called typhoons) -starts as a cluster of thunderstorms called tropical storms -highest winds are in the eye -once the winds reach 74 mph, they are hurricanes
What climate zone is found in the Andean highlands?
high altitude
The population of Middle and South America is expected to grow by how much by the year 2050?
180 million
Generally, most countries in Middle and South America fall into which categories of the Human Development Index?
Middle to high categories
How large was the Chacltaya glacier in 1953?
22 hectares
What percentage of the people of Middle and South America live in cities?
77%
The reason that temperate crops such as apples and potatoes can be grown at the equator is explained by
Altitudinal zonation, which means that in the upper elevations of the Andes, the climate is similar to higher altitudes
What has been the result of the United States' war on drugs in this region?
An increase in the number of farms that grow plants to make cocaine
______ are also called "free trade zones"
EPZ's (Export Processing Zones)
_____ encourages visitors to appreciate wildlife that does not exist where they live.
Ecotourism
Over the last few centuries economic development in Middle and South America, controlled much of the economic activity.
Europeans
Over they last few centuries economic development in Middle and South America, ______ controlled much of the economic activity
Europeans
What gender related aspect pf soccer culture in Brazil is described in the video?
Female soccer players are unable to find uniforms because the sport is male-dominated
______ is the practice of clearing forestland to plant crops for 2 to 3 years before abandoning that plot of land for several decades.
Shifting cultivation
______ were large rural estates granted to colonists as a reward for conquering territory and people for Spain.
Haciendas
Using the GINI index is Middle and South America reveals
High levels of income disparity
The levels of internet connectivity throughout this region reveal
Highly uneven acces to the benefits of the global economy
According to the textbook, Venezuela's oil wealth didn't begin to benefit the poor until
Hugo Chavez redirected oil profits to government social programs
_____ is composed of fine soil particles.
Silt
In 1492, the largest state in Middle and South America was that of the
Incas
______ people are native inhabitants of a region
Indigenous
What significant environmental issue in the textbook makes the melting of this glacier particularly relevant?
Many Bolivian communities depend on glaciers for their drinking water
What information from the textbook suggests a motive for Mexican drug cartels increasing their exports of methamphetamine?
Many US states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use, causing drug cartels to switch to methamphetamine and heroin
If the value of the peso falls internationally, then Argentine exports become cheaper on the global market, and thus they are in higher demand. What information from the textbook might help you understand why the price of beef in Argentina is sensitive to the value of the peso internationally?
Meat (including beef) is a major export of Argentina
Physically, the Middle and South America region consists of
Mexico, Central America, and South America
_____ were large factory farms that grew cash crops and did some processing for shipment onsite.
Plantations
What is the term for a city that concentrates a large percentage of a country's population and economy?
Primate City
_______ are belt tightening measures on many Middle and South American governments by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the 1980s.
SAPS (Structural Adjustment Policies)
Most of the present-day countries of Middle and South America were once colonies of
Spain
According to the video, why has the price of beef recently gone up in Argentina?
The Argentine peso has lost significant value internationally, driving up local prices
What is the name of the feature that results from the extensive rain shadow produced by the Andes Mountains?
The Atacama Desert
The largest consumer of cocaine grown in Middle and South America is
The United States
What are most drugs produced in Mexico consumed?
United States
______ are the backbone of the highlands on the western edge of Middle and South America
Volcanoes
trade winds
Winds that blow from northeast and southeast toward the equator
In 2012, Brazil's Santos soccer club closed down all its female soccer teams in order to
afford to keep their star male player
In the past decade, Rio's murder rate has
been cut in half, but remains high
According to the video, the efforts of Mexican and US authorities to reduce the flow of drugs across the border has
been largely ineffective
How are Argentines responding to high beef prices?
by eating less beef and more grains and vegetables
The J12 NGO in Sao Paolo focuses on teaching young women soccer in order to
combat the increase in the number of young women involved in crime, and to discourage teenage pregnancy
What tactic, discussed in the textbook, has Mexico taken to reduce the appeal of the drug trade?
decriminalization of the possession of small amounts of many drugs.
According to the video, prices have risen the most for
foods that have no government price controls
income disparity
gap in income between rich and poor
A _______ is a land bridge
isthmus
What happens when ecotourism is mismanaged?
it becomes similar to the kinds of tourism that damages the environment and returns little to their surroundings
plantations
large factory farm that grows partially processes single cash crop
The assembly factories located in the export processing zone (EPZ) along the Mexican side of the United States- Mexico border are called
maquiladoras
Aztecs
native people of high-central Mexico noted for their advanced civilizations before the Spanish conquests
Inca
native people who ruled largest pre-Columbian state in the Americas; domain stretching from what is now southern Columbia, Chile and Argentina
ecotourism
nature-oriented vacations, often taken in endangered and remote areas, usually by travelers from affluent nations
Subduction zone
one tectonic late slides under another
creoles
people of European descent born in the Americas
mestizos
people of mixed European, African, and native descent
El Nino
periodic climate-altering changes, especially when it's in the circulation of the Pacific Ocean, now operates on a global scale
shifting cultivation
productive system of agriculture in which small plots of land are cleared in forests, dried brush is burned to release nutrients and the clearings are planted with multiple species; each plot is used for only 2-3 years and then abandoned for many years in hopes of regrowth
temperature altitude zones
regions of the same latitudes that vary in climate because of altitude
What recreational activity no longer takes place on Chacaltaya Glacier?
skiing
Bolivia's government recently demanded what of industrialized countries?
that they "pay up" for their contributions to global warming
According to the video, what is a major cause of higher food prices in Venezuela?
the "oil price crunch" (low oil prices)
What was the impetus for Rio's "war on crime"?
the 2016 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup
The main benefit of EPZs to the host country is
the employment of local labor
Which of the following is NOT contributing to deforestation in the South American rain forest?
the ever increasing number of Brazilians who are migrating to urban centers along the coast.
The mastermind of Rio's war on crime says that violence and drug trafficking will persist as long as
the government fails to bring water, electricity, and other services to Rio's favelas
The wide range of of temperatures in Middle and South America reflects
the great distance the landmass spans north and south of the equator, and the tremendous variations in altitude across the region's landmass.
According to the textbook, what other efforts did Rio undertake in preparation for the mega-events?
the removal of thousands of families from the center city to the urban periphery to make way for new infrastructure
biodiversity
variety of lifeforms in a given area
pyroclastic flows
violent blasts of super-heated rock, ash, and gas travelling up to 450 mph
How have scientists responded to the melting of the Chacaltaya Glacier?
with alarm due to melting that proceeded much faster than expected.
