World Geography Chapter 3

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Hurricanes

-form in northwest coast Africa -primarily in the Atlantic (Pacific ones called typhoons) -starts as a cluster of thunderstorms called tropical storms -highest winds are in the eye -once the winds reach 74 mph, they are hurricanes

What climate zone is found in the Andean highlands?

high altitude

The population of Middle and South America is expected to grow by how much by the year 2050?

180 million

Generally, most countries in Middle and South America fall into which categories of the Human Development Index?

Middle to high categories

How large was the Chacltaya glacier in 1953?

22 hectares

What percentage of the people of Middle and South America live in cities?

77%

The reason that temperate crops such as apples and potatoes can be grown at the equator is explained by

Altitudinal zonation, which means that in the upper elevations of the Andes, the climate is similar to higher altitudes

What has been the result of the United States' war on drugs in this region?

An increase in the number of farms that grow plants to make cocaine

______ are also called "free trade zones"

EPZ's (Export Processing Zones)

_____ encourages visitors to appreciate wildlife that does not exist where they live.

Ecotourism

Over the last few centuries economic development in Middle and South America, controlled much of the economic activity.

Europeans

Over they last few centuries economic development in Middle and South America, ______ controlled much of the economic activity

Europeans

What gender related aspect pf soccer culture in Brazil is described in the video?

Female soccer players are unable to find uniforms because the sport is male-dominated

______ is the practice of clearing forestland to plant crops for 2 to 3 years before abandoning that plot of land for several decades.

Shifting cultivation

______ were large rural estates granted to colonists as a reward for conquering territory and people for Spain.

Haciendas

Using the GINI index is Middle and South America reveals

High levels of income disparity

The levels of internet connectivity throughout this region reveal

Highly uneven acces to the benefits of the global economy

According to the textbook, Venezuela's oil wealth didn't begin to benefit the poor until

Hugo Chavez redirected oil profits to government social programs

_____ is composed of fine soil particles.

Silt

In 1492, the largest state in Middle and South America was that of the

Incas

______ people are native inhabitants of a region

Indigenous

What significant environmental issue in the textbook makes the melting of this glacier particularly relevant?

Many Bolivian communities depend on glaciers for their drinking water

What information from the textbook suggests a motive for Mexican drug cartels increasing their exports of methamphetamine?

Many US states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use, causing drug cartels to switch to methamphetamine and heroin

If the value of the peso falls internationally, then Argentine exports become cheaper on the global market, and thus they are in higher demand. What information from the textbook might help you understand why the price of beef in Argentina is sensitive to the value of the peso internationally?

Meat (including beef) is a major export of Argentina

Physically, the Middle and South America region consists of

Mexico, Central America, and South America

_____ were large factory farms that grew cash crops and did some processing for shipment onsite.

Plantations

What is the term for a city that concentrates a large percentage of a country's population and economy?

Primate City

_______ are belt tightening measures on many Middle and South American governments by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the 1980s.

SAPS (Structural Adjustment Policies)

Most of the present-day countries of Middle and South America were once colonies of

Spain

According to the video, why has the price of beef recently gone up in Argentina?

The Argentine peso has lost significant value internationally, driving up local prices

What is the name of the feature that results from the extensive rain shadow produced by the Andes Mountains?

The Atacama Desert

The largest consumer of cocaine grown in Middle and South America is

The United States

What are most drugs produced in Mexico consumed?

United States

______ are the backbone of the highlands on the western edge of Middle and South America

Volcanoes

trade winds

Winds that blow from northeast and southeast toward the equator

In 2012, Brazil's Santos soccer club closed down all its female soccer teams in order to

afford to keep their star male player

In the past decade, Rio's murder rate has

been cut in half, but remains high

According to the video, the efforts of Mexican and US authorities to reduce the flow of drugs across the border has

been largely ineffective

How are Argentines responding to high beef prices?

by eating less beef and more grains and vegetables

The J12 NGO in Sao Paolo focuses on teaching young women soccer in order to

combat the increase in the number of young women involved in crime, and to discourage teenage pregnancy

What tactic, discussed in the textbook, has Mexico taken to reduce the appeal of the drug trade?

decriminalization of the possession of small amounts of many drugs.

According to the video, prices have risen the most for

foods that have no government price controls

income disparity

gap in income between rich and poor

A _______ is a land bridge

isthmus

What happens when ecotourism is mismanaged?

it becomes similar to the kinds of tourism that damages the environment and returns little to their surroundings

plantations

large factory farm that grows partially processes single cash crop

The assembly factories located in the export processing zone (EPZ) along the Mexican side of the United States- Mexico border are called

maquiladoras

Aztecs

native people of high-central Mexico noted for their advanced civilizations before the Spanish conquests

Inca

native people who ruled largest pre-Columbian state in the Americas; domain stretching from what is now southern Columbia, Chile and Argentina

ecotourism

nature-oriented vacations, often taken in endangered and remote areas, usually by travelers from affluent nations

Subduction zone

one tectonic late slides under another

creoles

people of European descent born in the Americas

mestizos

people of mixed European, African, and native descent

El Nino

periodic climate-altering changes, especially when it's in the circulation of the Pacific Ocean, now operates on a global scale

shifting cultivation

productive system of agriculture in which small plots of land are cleared in forests, dried brush is burned to release nutrients and the clearings are planted with multiple species; each plot is used for only 2-3 years and then abandoned for many years in hopes of regrowth

temperature altitude zones

regions of the same latitudes that vary in climate because of altitude

What recreational activity no longer takes place on Chacaltaya Glacier?

skiing

Bolivia's government recently demanded what of industrialized countries?

that they "pay up" for their contributions to global warming

According to the video, what is a major cause of higher food prices in Venezuela?

the "oil price crunch" (low oil prices)

What was the impetus for Rio's "war on crime"?

the 2016 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup

The main benefit of EPZs to the host country is

the employment of local labor

Which of the following is NOT contributing to deforestation in the South American rain forest?

the ever increasing number of Brazilians who are migrating to urban centers along the coast.

The mastermind of Rio's war on crime says that violence and drug trafficking will persist as long as

the government fails to bring water, electricity, and other services to Rio's favelas

The wide range of of temperatures in Middle and South America reflects

the great distance the landmass spans north and south of the equator, and the tremendous variations in altitude across the region's landmass.

According to the textbook, what other efforts did Rio undertake in preparation for the mega-events?

the removal of thousands of families from the center city to the urban periphery to make way for new infrastructure

biodiversity

variety of lifeforms in a given area

pyroclastic flows

violent blasts of super-heated rock, ash, and gas travelling up to 450 mph

How have scientists responded to the melting of the Chacaltaya Glacier?

with alarm due to melting that proceeded much faster than expected.


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