World Geography

According to this lesson, the population of the world is projected to be approaching ___ people by the year 2083.

10 billion

Canada is divided into

10 provinces and 3 territories; the provinces and territories make up five regions based on geography, the economy, and culture; In Canada, the regions are more distinct because the population is fairly small and the Canadian government gives a lot of power to the local province governments.

The United States was established in

1789; The government was formed with the belief that people had the rights to freedom, equality, and opportunity. There was a belief that someone who was able to do the work of his or her own choosing would, in turn, contribute to the lives of others and to the economy. This belief supported the growth of the economic system in place in the United States

in Canada

60% of the population lives in this region that is made up of Québec and Ontario; These two provinces rely on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River for economic success. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces region is known as the heartland of Canada and is made up of three distinct geographical regions. The Canadian Shield is cold and has unusable soil, but contains mineral deposits. The Hudson Bay Lowlands is a swampy region between the Canadian Shield and Hudson Bay. The St. Lawrence Lowlands has rich soil and a mild climate; it is here that most of the region's population lives.

What does a country's territory include?

A country's territory includes everything inside the boundaries - the land, the water and all the natural resources.

Location

A place can have absolute location, such as in coordinates of a map using longitude and latitude; or it can have a relative location, such as the house next door.

What is a country's sovereignty?

A sovereign country is one that governs without any outside control. It establishes its own laws, policies, and procedures. Geography can contribute to the ease at which sovereignty is established and maintained. Some countries have geographic conditions that protect against invaders, countries like Russia where the winters are so cold that the environment is not conducive to travel. Some countries, like Poland, are located in a wide open plain with temperate climates that are easily passable, making it more challenging to protect its borders and people from invading armies.

About ___ percent of all water on Earth's surface is found in lakes, streams, or groundwater.

About 99 percent of all water on Earth are found in the world's oceans.

Which of the following areas is most likely to have the highest population density?

An urban community.

What are some factors that you can think of that would determine why humans inhabit a space?

Areas where the soil is fertile for agriculture, the water is plentiful, and the climate is mild enough to grow crops attract populations. Economics and access to jobs, family, and education are key to survival.

Which continent has the largest region of alpine tundra?

Asia has the largest region of alpine tundra.

Why has improved communication been so important to economic growth?

Better access to information improves business efficiency.

How far above sea level does most of the land in the Northeast region sit?

Between 0 and 1,500 feet above sea level.

How is climbing a very tall mountain similar to driving from the southern United States to northern Canada?

Both involve a change in climate conditions; There is a fluctuation in temperature as one moves from the equator northward. One would also experience a 3.5 degree temperature change per 1,000 feet they go up a mountain.

telephone

By 1915, telephone wires hung from coast to coast, allowing people to cut out the translation of the telegraph operator and speak directly with the person on the other end of the line. Today, communication technologies like fiber optics and wireless broadband allow people all over the world to communicate in real time. The Internet, satellites, and other forms of telecommunications keep the economy strong.

Besides the Midwest, what other areas produce the most amount of agricultural value for the US?

California, areas along the Mississippi River, and areas in the South bring in the most money via agricultural.

The two countries are closely linked economically

Canada buys about 25% of all US exports, while the US buys about 85% of Canadian exports. Canada and the United States created the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) to make it easier for the two countries to export and import goods between them. Part of the agreement was that all tariffs would be eliminated. Tariffs are taxes on goods that are imported; the taxes make goods more expensive for consumers. The FTA meant Canadians could get things in the United States at a lower price but it also meant that factories and plants in Canada closed as businesses moved into the US where costs were lower.

Québec is

Canada's largest province. Most of the people that live in the province reside in and around the St. Lawrence River Valley. The Canadian Shield covers a large amount of the province and very few people live there. Instead, most of that area is still a wilderness with lots of trees, rivers, and lakes. The northernmost part of Québec is a tundra and does not support plants other than mosses and lichens.

Fossil fuels are also mined in the United States

Coal is plentiful and used widely as a source of energy. The United States produce about 20% of the world's coal supply. Oil and natural gas, two other types of fossil fuels, are found in the central and western plains, as well as in Alaska. While the U.S. mines much of its own fossil fuels, about 25% of the oil used for energy production is imported from other countries.

___ are the large landmasses in the oceans of which Asia is the larges

Continents

valuable mineral deposits in the USA

Copper, gold, lead, titanium, zinc and other minerals are mined in the U.S. While some of these minerals are exported to other countries, many remain in their country of origin and benefit industry in the United States. For example, copper is an important material in construction, transportation, and electrical products.

On which date would Bismarck, North Dakota 46°N, 100° W, have the longest period of darkness?

December 21;In the northern hemisphere, the shortest day will always fall on December 21st.

Where do the Californian cities of Sacramento and Fresno get their water?

Directly from the rivers/streams in the area and not by aqueduct.

There are seasons because ___.

Earth is tilted on its axis;When the Earth is tilted toward the sun on it's axis the northern hemisphere experiences summer and the southern experiences winter. The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis.

Shadows nearly disappear at noon at the ___.

Equator on the date of the spring equinox; On this day the sun's rays are parallel with the equator so one would not see a shadow around 12 noon.

What do you notice about the locations of Commonwealth of Nations?

For the most part, they are clustered in groups in the Caribbean, Southeast Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Which major cities are located in Texas?

Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, Austin, San Antonio, El Paso are located in Texas.

Which two ethnic groups make up just under half of the Canadian population?

French and Other European (German, Italian, Scandinavian, Dutch, etc.) groups make up just under half of Canada.

In 1974,

French became the official language of the Québec province. As a result, many English-speaking Canadians and businesses left the area. In the mid 1990s, the citizens of Québec voted on whether to withdraw or secede from the rest of Canada. This vote was very close but ultimately did not pass. Today, Canada's highest court has said it will not allow the province to withdraw from the country, even if the citizens vote that way.

To learn about changes in how land is being used, a geographer might rely on ___.

Geographers often use satellite images to study how the land is used and ultimately being changed.

hierarchy

Geographers rank places according to their function and influence This hierarchy places metropolitan areas at the top because they provide a wide-range of services and functions for a large group of people. In fact, metropolitan areas also have hinterlands.

What is global population data helping scientists and policymakers to do?

Global population data are helping scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to forecast and prepare for the impact of the world's ever-growing population.

How the agricultural industry has changed over time

Gone are the days when single families ran small farms alone. During the growth of America, people on farms worked long days doing very physical labor to yield their crops and raise livestock. However, the growing need for produce grains to feed Americans and people worldwide have led to farming becoming big business.

Which location has the most consistent periods of daylight and dark?

Hawaii is closest to the equator and therefore will have the most consistent periods of daylight and dark.

Movement

How do people, goods, and ideas move from one place to another? This can be local such as how did you get to school today, or it can be global such as how did humans get to North America?

Human-Environment Interaction

Human-environment interaction looks at the relationships between people and their environment. How do people interact with the natural environment of a place, and how do they change it?

What is the main difference between a Communist and a Socialist economy?

In a Socialist economy, the state runs only basic industries; in a Communist economy, the state runs all businesses. Socialism is the idea that the state has control over basic industries and everyone works for the good of the community. A communists economy is run by a dictatorship in which the government or state controls all aspects of a country's economy.

Metropolitan areas

In the United States, there are more than 250 metropolitan areas, which includes a major city and its suburbs. grow and change as the population increases. In Colorado, Denver and Boulder used to be separated by open space. But over time, small communities were built between them and now Boulder is part of the Denver metropolitan area.

Do social classes exist in the United States of America? If so, what are they?

In the United States, we hear a lot about the classes -- we have the upper class, middle class, and lower class. We further break down the classes into upper middle class, lower middle class, upper lower class, etc., and these classes are mostly defined by economic security, how much a person or family earns in income.

What is the major language family in North America?

Indo-European

Why does a rocky, jagged shoreline, such as that found in the Northeast, make for excellent harbors?

It creates bays and coves that protect ships from the wind and waves of the open ocean.

Which of the following statements about the world's population is the most accurate?

It has grown rapidly in the last few centuries.

Canada is a prosperous nation

It is in the top 20 countries in the world for highest gross national product. The government functions well and the citizens enjoy a high standard of living. The key to maintaining this quality of life in Canada is to balance economic and environmental concerns.

On which date would Anchorage, Alaska 61° N, 149° W, have the longest period of daylight?

June 21; In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year will always be on June 21st. On this day the rays of the sun will be perpendicular to the Tropic of Cancer.

Why is the following statement a common winter weather forecast for states along the North Atlantic Ocean: "snow inland, with rain along the coast"?

Large bodies of water have a major influence on climates in coastal regions.; The ocean's moderating influence keeps coastal areas warmer than inland areas in the winter.

What are some factors that influence the weather?

Large nearby bodies of water, elevation, and large significant land forms.

What types of things can affect life within an ecosystem?

Life within an ecosystem can be affected by such things as the climate, sunlight, temperature, precipitation, elevation, soil and land forms.

Which two Northeast states saw a population loss from 2014 to 2015?

Maine and Connecticut

Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan

More than half of the people in these three provinces live in cities that were once important stops on the rail lines built in the 1800s. The city of Winnipeg was established at a river crossing. From Winnipeg, rail lines split into two paths to take passengers and goods through the Rocky Mountains. The cities of Calgary and Edmonton were build right where each of those two rail lines headed into the mountains. The railroad in the Prairie Provinces were important ways to carry agricultural goods between the provinces and beyond. Grain and cattle are the most popular agricultural products in the Prairie Provinces. They are carried by train to either the Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, or Hudson Bay. More recently, oil and natural gas have been discovered in Alberta which has increased the growth of cities like Calgary and Edmonton. In addition, tourism in the winter is especially important in the Prairie Provinces, as the Rocky Mountains extend into Canada and offer beautiful snowcapped scenery.

The Atlantic Provinces is Canada are

Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; They are located in the far eastern part of Canada along the Atlantic Ocean.; Some of the land in this region is part of the Appalachian Mountain range that extends into the eastern United States.; This land is covered with thick, deciduous forest and mountains. Thousands of lakes and ponds are also found in the region. The soil is thin and rocky because of the glaciers that once moved across the area.; Like the neighboring New England states, the Atlantic Provinces in Canada have rugged coastlines that include many bays and inlets. Though the Atlantic region is the smallest of the five regions and is home to only about 80% of Canadians, it has been important to the settlement development of Canada.

The pampas of Argentina and the steppes of Asia are similar to the ___.

North American prairies; Grasslands in different regions of the world have different names such as pampas, steppes, savannas and prairies.

States that make up the Midwest

North Dakota; South Dakota; Nebraska; Kansas; Minnesota; Iowa; Missouri; Michigan; Wisconsin; Illinois; Indiana; Ohio

The smallest and most urban region of the United States is the

Northeast. the Northeast is made up for the smallest states in terms of area, yet holds the largest population of people.

Which two fossil fuels saw declining usage in the early 2000s?

Oil (petroleum) and coal

Toronto is

Ontario's capital and it is the largest metropolitan area in the country. Many companies have their offices in Toronto and the city is the banking and financial center of Canada.

Continued growth can be an excellent thing for a geographic region

People are employed and can afford to provide for themselves and their families. But the ever increasing expansion of industry in the Northeast has led to a few problems. For one, waste disposal is a big deal. Manufacturing creates unwanted byproducts that have to go somewhere. Trash sites in the Northeast are overflowing. All of the people in the megalopolis and beyond also produce waste that has to go somewhere. After decades of growth and expansion, the Northeast population is beginning to decline as people move away for warmer, more temperate climates. With fewer people that can contribute, local governments have had to raise taxes for residents and businesses to continue to maintain public services. Look at the map to see the population growth and loss throughout the Northeast.

What's the weather like in the Midwest?

People who live in the Midwest experience long, hot summers and very cold and equally as long winters. Most of the region receives at least 20 inches total of rain and snow each year. The areas of the Midwest nearest the Canadian border have cooler temperatures, while the southern parts of the Midwest have fewer days of frost and snow. In some states like Illinois and Indiana, the northern parts of the state have vastly different climates on the southern parts.

Canada and the United States also share some cultural links.

People who live near the US-Canada border can watch television programs and listen to radio stations that originate in both countries. In addition, hockey and baseball leagues include teams from both countries.

Which provinces make up the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence region?

Quebec and Ontario.

What are three significant geographic factors that play roles in determining economic vitality?

Research conducted by Sachs, Mellinger, and Gallup found that three significant geographic factors played roles in determining economic vitality: coastal proximity, the prevalence of infectious diseases, and agricultural productivity.

The Northern Territories are also

Rich in minerals. Gold, silver, zinc, lead, and uranium (among other minerals) have been found in the region. Oil and natural gas deposits are also plentiful. In the mid-1980s, a pipeline was built to deliver oil to the southern parts of Canada and into the United States. The difficult climate and landscape of the Northwest Territories make reaching, mining, and transporting these resources nearly impossible and so many of the natural resources in the area have not been developed

Why have rivers been so important to the development of the Midwest?

Rivers have been so important to the development of the Midwest because they could use the rivers to irrigate their crops, ship and move different crops, livestock, and equipment. You might have mentioned how grain and livestock can travel outside of the region by boat. Rivers connect faraway parts of the country and the world.

There are areas in the south where agriculture isn't a mainstay

Rural parts of the Appalachian Mountains contain rocky soil and very steep slopes. This area is impossible to farm. Despite the thriving economies elsewhere in the South, this rural area is one of the poorest regions in the United States.

On this map, which country appears to have the largest land mass?

Russia, which has more than 6.5 million square miles, not quite twice the size of the United States.

Which three occupations make up about 50% of the workforce today?

Service, administrative support, and professional speciality make up about 50% of the workforce.

Shipbuilding in the Northeast

Shipbuilding was an early industry in the area. The uneven coastline provides natural harbors for ships. In the 1700 and 1800s, merchant ships traveling to and from places all over the world could find safety in the Northeast's harbors. Today, those harbors and the North Atlantic waters sustain a flourishing fishing and seafood industry. The region supports many rivers that cut through its hilly terrain. Those hills, coupled with thin, rocky soil, make farming difficult in the Northeast. But, the rolling land does keep river water moving swiftly. Industrialists used this to their advantage to build water wheels to convert the water power of the rivers and waterfalls into energy for machines.

Just as the geography of the West is varied, so too is the availability of water

Some areas in the West receive very little precipitation. These locations in the semiarid or arid climate regions may receive less than 10 inches of rain each year. Plans like cacti, sagebrush, grass, and some shrubs that can withstand high heat live in these regions. Other areas in the West receive a lot of rainfall. Seattle, Washington averages about 40 inches of rain every year. The coastal parts of California are home to large forests full of trees that enjoy high levels of precipitation. Located in the Pacific Ocean, Hawaii has a wet, tropical climate. Rainforest plants and animals can be found in the state. In northern Alaska, the tundra is a dry plain that supports only grasses in the summer when the top soil thaws.

What are land disputes?

Such disputes are often about land whose sovereignty is claimed by more than one nation, usually over resources; while other disputes are difficult to comprehend. At least 124 countries are involved in a territorial dispute of some kind, involving at least 105 separate territories.

Why did cities spring up at the fall line?

Textile mills built near the falls attracted workers and other businesses. The water power generated at falls led to textile mills. These mills grew and hired many workers

Prairie Provinces

The Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan Provinces are in the southwest part of Canada This area is known as the Prairie Provinces because of the crop-covered flatlands. The region also has lakes, rivers, and badlands, like the ones in the northern Midwest part of the United States, that are made up of rock formations and eroded soil. There are also areas of large sand dunes that stretch across the flat plains.

What is the agricultural region in Florida?

The Gulf subtropical crop belt

Who inhabited Canada first?

The Inuit were one the first groups to live in Canada. Other native groups migrated to the area thousands of years ago. Some Native Canadians lived in villages along the Pacific Coast and settlements in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands. The people living in these permanent settlements took advantage of the abundant natural resources. The forests, bays, rivers, and rich soil allowed these groups to stay in one place, grow their own food, hunt, fish, and have access to water. Other groups in Canada were nomadic. They traveled from place to place gathering food and hunting animals. In the very north part of Canada around the Arctic Ocean, walruses and seals provided food, clothing, fat, and other materials for the hunting societies. Those groups would then move south to the Canadian Shield and hunt moose and caribou. In the Plains areas, nomadic groups hunted buffalo.

Growth in the Northeast

The Irish weren't the only people to immigrate to the United States in the mid- to late- 1800s. Tens and hundreds of thousands of Europeans were sailing over to escape political oppression and economic difficulties. The influx of people to the cities along the Atlantic coast became factory workers and kept the manufacturing businesses in the Northeast flourishing. Every decade saw new inventions, new industry, and new growth. Over time, the small coastal cities in the Northeast began to spread so far out into the suburbs, that they began to blur together. In the 1960s, the area from Boston to Washington, D.C. became a megalopolis—or very large city. Over 50 million people, or one-seventh of the entire U.S. population, live in this stretch of urban area.

Which mountain ranges are in British Columbia?

The Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains are the major mountain ranges in British Columbia.

The landscape of the West

The West is home to the great diversity of geographic features. The Rocky Mountains in the eastern part of the region have snow covered peaks. Rivers, plains, and deserts also make up the region. There are glaciers in Alaska and volcanoes in Hawaii. The Pacific Ocean borders the western part of the continental United States. The West is known for its vast and varied landscapes.

density of the population

The average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer

Why might the US buy 85% of Canadian exports?

The close proximity of the country means transportation costs would be less. Also, the FTA means fewer taxes on imported goods from Canada.

The waters off the coast of California are cooled by the ___.

The cool or warm climates off the coast of California are caused by the cooling of the waters by the California Current.

cultural diffusion.

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

In 1862, Congress decided to connect the East and West with one single rail line

The first transcontinental railroad would stretch from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. Building the railroad was no small feat. It had to pass through both the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada range. The railroad companies employed thousands of people, most of whom were European and Chinese immigrants, to take on the dangerous and challenging work. In 1869, the project was complete—the country was connected from East to West by the railroad. By the 1900s, many more transcontinental train routes were built. Cities sprang up along rail lines because goods were easily accessible. Chicago became the largest city in the Midwest because of its central location between coasts and accessibility to railroad systems. Railroads carried many people to New York City, which in turn brought many businesses and new activities. It is now the largest metropolitan area in the United States.

The Northern Territories

The harshest terrain in Canada; The northernmost part of Canada is made up of three territories. The Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut are cold and mostly treeless areas that house fewer than one 1% of Canadians. The population that does live in the Northern Territories lives mostly in small settlements near the Mackenzie River and the Arctic Ocean.

Trains were a big improvement over ships, but passengers and businesses were still required to keep to the schedule of the rail companies.

The invention of the automobile changed all that. Suddenly, Americans had more freedom to move around than ever before. In the decade between 1950 and 1960, as many as 8 million cars were manufactured each year. In response to the increased number of cars, in 1956, The Federal-Aid Highway Act used $26 billion to build interstate roads and highways that spanned more than 4,000 miles.

How the resources in the West built the region's economy?

The land beneath the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada range is rich in minerals it is also a region where oil and natural gas deposits have been discovered. In the 1960s, oil was discovered in Alaska. The availability of this resource changed the state's economy. Business boomed as people came in to work for the oil companies. The West is also known for its forests and its fishing. The Pacific Northwest provides the nation with almost half of the lumber used in construction. The Pacific Coast states, along with Alaska and Hawaii, catch billions of tons of fish each year.

Which statement is true for all democracies?

The people elect the leaders. A democracy is a government run by the people or officials elected as representatives of the people.

Why is language so important?

The quickest way to assimilate in any culture is to learn the language. Without being able to communicate in the native language, many immigrants are left feeling isolated, even if those around them are welcoming them to the region. It is the cornerstone of culture.

In areas where permafrost occurs, why is the top layer soggy in the summer?

The sun's rays warm up the top layer, turning the ice or frost into water. In areas with permafrost, the ground is mostly frozen through all year. In the summer the top layer warms and turns muddy.

Why were waterfalls often the site of factories in the 1800s?

The waterfalls turned the water wheels that powered factory machines.

the states in the South share certain traits

The weather in this region is humid. It has a subtropical climate. Most of the states in this region have full forests with a variety of tree species. Many of the states in this region have coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, while some border the Gulf of Mexico. In addition to the ocean, marshes and swamps are common water features in the South.

The geography of the Midwest is fairly diverse.

There are thick wooded hills in the Ozarks in Missouri. There are areas of dry rock that have been eroded by wind and water in South Dakota. These areas of minimal vegetation, called the Badlands, are in stark contrast to the miles upon miles of fields and pastures used in the agricultural industry elsewhere in the Midwest. Besides the land, the Midwest is known for water. This might seem odd because there are no ocean coasts in the area. But there are the Great Lakes and many well-known rivers, such as the Missouri River, the Mississippi River, and the Illinois River. Throughout history, major cities have sprung up on important waterways, and the Midwest is no exception to that trend. Cities like Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, Minneapolis, and Cleveland all benefit from the excellent water locations in the Midwest.

hinterlands

These are areas that are influenced by the metropolitan area but not necessarily a part of it. For example, New York City is a worldwide financial hub and is the most important banking district in the Western hemisphere. On the West coast, Los Angeles is the world leader in film production. Smaller cities, like Atlanta, Denver, and San Antonio have smaller hinterlands, but are still metropolitan areas because they offer a range of services like shopping, major sports teams, highly skilled medical facilities, and art galleries. People travel from far and wide to take advantage of what is offered in metropolitan areas. Smaller cities like Des Moines and Nashville have smaller hinterlands but still offer a range of services.

By 1973, the California Aqueduct was completed

This is a system of large pipes to carry water from the Sacramento Valley to the growing population of Los Angeles. The large city is located in an area that often sees droughts. Water is scarce in the area and so the aqueduct project was one way to meet the needs of the growing population. Since that first project, California has added several other water transport systems to get water to its people.

In 1862, the government passed the Homestead Act.

This legislation granted 160 acres to people willing to settle in the Great Plains region and establish farms. In addition, the Homestead Act established the United States Department of Agriculture to promote farming as an important industry for the country.

What factors probably made it easier for the British to win control of the land in Canada from the French?

Though they controlled a smaller amount of the land, the British population was larger and they controlled most of the coastal lands.

What is a climograph used for?

To reference the temperature and rainfall information for a location quickly, geographers use climographs; the temperature is expressed in degrees Fahrenheit, and the precipitation is expressed in inches.; latitude, or the distance north or south of the equator, can tell you a lot, as well

Northeasterly Trade Winds are found between the ___ and the equator.

Tropic of Cancer

23.5° south of the equator you will find the ___.

Tropic of Capricorn

What climate regions make up the West?

Tropical wet, subarctic, marine west coast, Mediterranean, arid, semiarid, and highlands climate regions are found in the West.

Based on the diagram, which places serve the most limited population?

Villages and farms serve fewer people than towns, cities, and metropolises. The people in villages in farms are spread out over large areas.

Which states make up the West?

Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Hawaii, and Alaska form the West.

How can the physical process of erosion - water, wind, and glaciers - affect the landscape?

Water, wind, and glaciers act as forces of erosion, which moves weathered materials mechanically. This breaks down larger rocks into smaller ones, which allows for movement across the land.

Place

What are the physical and human characteristics of a place? All places have features that give them personality and distinguish them from other places.

How do the "laws of supply and demand" operate in a market economy?

When consumers demand goods, private businesses supply them. A capitalist economy is run on the idea that if certain goods are demanded by the population, private businesses will supply them in order to make money.

Why did people move West?

When the transcontinental railroad was finished in 1869, the country was connected from east to west. Many small towns and cities grew up along the railroad route. In the 1880s, the price to travel between the Midwest and Los Angeles was lowered to just $1. Thousands of Midwesterners took the opportunity move to the West. Rather than settling in the towns and cities in the central and eastern parts of the West, people went to coastal cities like Los Angeles. The cities in the West had a lot to offer in terms of business opportunities and had mild climates. Los Angeles was originally a cattle town. The ranchers provided beef for the gold miners in San Francisco during the gold rush. However, by the 1920s both the aircraft industry and the motion picture industries were attracting new residents.

A middle power country

While the United States is considered a superpower in the world due to its influences on culture and finances in countries all over, Canada is what's called a middle power. Superpowers can usually get laws and agreements passed on their own. Middle power countries usually band together to work toward common goals.

What question below would lead to a better understanding of Canada's ecosystems?

Why is so much of Canada sparsely populated? Much of Canada's geography is harsh and nearly unlivable.

Winds on the surface of Earth move from ___.

Winds on the surface of the earth are created and move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. This has a major impact on the earth climate.

What are the four specific characteristics that define a country?

a clearly defined territory, population, sovereignty, and a government.

The South has long been home to

a diverse population; Half of the African-Americans in the United States live in the South. People from Latin American counties have moved in large numbers to the South. In fact, San Antonio is not only one of the largest cities in the county, but it is also the first to have a Hispanic majority. The same is true for Miami, Florida and Cubans. After fleeing Communism in their country, many Cuban immigrants settled in Miami's Little Havana neighborhood.

Which of the following statements best describes the United States?

a federation with a democratic government and a capitalist economy

Today the United States exports

about $50 million in farming and agricultural goods. Nearly half the country's land is still used for farming, ranching, and agriculture. Thanks to the variety of the land and climates, the United States exports everything from meat to dairy to eggs to grains to cotton and beyond.

A pilot flying for the first time to an airport on a Pacific island would most likely want to know the island's ___.

absolute location; Absolute location is the exact location on earth of a specific place. Latitude and longitude are often used to determine a place's absolute location.

Animals were one of Canada's

abundant natural resources. And the fur trade made Canada an extremely attractive landscape. Both countries wanted to control the land where the fur trade would happen. Their desire for power led to war between the British and the French colonists from starting in 1689. The British finally won in 1759 and within four years, France surrendered all of its claims in Canada and what would become the United States.

public transportation systems

added to the growth of the nation's cities. People could live further from the job and still get to and from work in a relatively short time. This caused a population boom in the residential areas outside of a city, known as suburbs. These suburban communities grew at the end of rail and public transit lines because they were more affordable and there was plenty of space.

About how many countries are there in the world?

almost 200 countries

Where were the earliest major American cities located?

along the Atlantic coast

The change in reliance on agriculture to manufacturing to service

also changed where Americans lived. Villages and towns were abandoned in favor of the growing sites and centers of manufacturing and service. Cities became the hubs of transportation and production, attracting people from all over.

Region

an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics. How are places similar to and different from other places? Those unifying or similar characteristics can be physical, natural, human, or cultural.

Which business is easiest to locate almost anywhere?

an online bank Online companies are more popular today because using today's technology, it is easy to locate from most anywhere.

Inuit

are Native Canadians who live in the Northern Territories. Inuit is a term that means "the people." The Inuit people usually live north of the forest, while other Native Canadian groups live further south. They have maintained a close relationship with the challenging geography in the Northwest Territories. However, contact with Canadians from European ancestry has changed the way the Inuit live today. Seal hunting is still the primary economic activity, but today the Inuit use snowmobiles to cross frozen landscapes rather than dogsleds. Inuit children also use new technologies to receive an education via satellite radio and television systems.

Canals

are artificial waterways that allow boats to pass through where there used to be land. Canals also opened up the waterways and improved water transportation in the 1800s.

The Appalachian Mountains in the southeast part of Québec

are the center of mining and forestry in the province. The St. Lawrence River Valley is the center for farming. More recently, the residents of Québec have been working in manufacturing and service jobs.

What climate is most common in the West?

arid or semiarid

Northeast 1800s

as the technology to harness water power improved, many factories were built at the sites of waterfalls in the Northeast. These factories made shoes, cloth and textiles, flour, timber, and other goods that were sold worldwide. The rivers became trade routes and eventually, both the railroad lines and modern highways were built to follow these same paths.

Where are the sun's rays most direct during all times of the year?

at or near the equator;Because the earth tilts on its axis and orbits around the sun, the equator gets the most consistent of the suns rays year round.

The __ is the layer of air, water, and other substances above the surface of the earth

atmosphere

Which of the following trends best describes the changes in government authority over the last few decades?

away from authoritarianism and toward democracy Prior to 1989, governments in eastern Europe and Asia were primarily authoritative. People were quite oppressed under these regimes. When the cold war ended in 1989, governments began to make the move from more authoritarian governments toward democracy in which the people of that country vote for their leaders.

The South and West have

benefited from Americans' freedom of movement. These areas have milder climates than the Northeast. The winters are warmer with much less (if any) snow. The warm weather has allowed certain industries to flourish. Deliveries of raw materials aren't stopped or delayed by bad weather.

A description of the cultural landscape of present-day Chicago would probably focus on its ___.

busy streets and tall office buildings Cultural landscapes are landscapes that have been affected, influenced or shaped by human involvement. A description of present day Chicago would contain all the aspects of a busy city such as busy streets and tall buildings.

How might acid rain change the look of an ancient stone sculpture?

by wearing away its features

About 30° north or south of the equator there are ___ winds in an area called the horse latitudes.

calm winds; These calm winds move around the globe at 30 degrees north and south of the equator.

erosion

can also change the structure of the land surface by moving weathered material such as gravel, soil, and sand. Without erosion, though, the earth would be a barren rock without soil; so erosion, as long as it is natural, can be a good thing for the environment. Niagara Falls, one of the seven wonders of the world, was created by mechanical weathering, and it is a beautiful place to visit. Water, wind, and glaciers are major agents of erosion.

Social class

can be based on financial worth, occupation, education, ancestry, or even gender. In the past, people were born into a class and stayed there for life. In most cultures today, people have mobility in their social class. There are educational achievements, economical successes, and political movements that provide opportunities to rise in society.

extreme weather

can contribute to both mechanical and chemical weathering. High winds and flooding can cause movement of rocks, soil, and sand. Vast amounts of ice melting and precipitation can chip away at rocks and cause movement, as well. With global warming at the forefront of our environmental concerns, some people question whether the extreme weather that we experience in the U.S. is due to global warming

By the 1950s

car ownership by individuals was so common that the United States began to build a highway system that connected each state. This network of roads gave the population easy access to cities.

chemical weathering

changes the actual chemistry of the rock, splitting them or carving out crevices and holes. During chemical weathering, the chemical makeup of a rock changes the minerals or combines with new chemical elements. Water and carbon dioxide are the two most important factors. Acid rain is one type of chemical weathering which destroys forests, pollutes water, and eats away at rock formations and buildings.

Cultural hearths

civilizations that have cultural influence around the world; There are seven original culture hearths that include West Africa, Mesoamerica, the Nile River Valley, the Indus River Valley, the Wei-Huang Valley, the Ganges River Valley and Mesopotamia.

"Cool and rainy today, with brisk winds this afternoon" describes the ___.

climate and weather; Cool describes the climate and rainy, winds describes the weather.

The water cycle depends upon ___ to produce percipitation from clouds.

condensation; When the water evaporates from the Earth's water sources, it then condenses in the air to form clouds.

A birdwatcher would most likely find the black-backed three-toed woodpecker in ___.

coniferous forests This uncommon woodpecker is usually found in northern coniferous forests on the west coast of North America

The slow but violent collision between two continental plates is called ___

convergence

What two symbols might appear on a flag representing the Midwest?

corn and steel mill

Canada

covers a huge amount of land. It makes up most of the northern part of North America; physically similar to the United States. However, the country is very different when it comes to culture, politics, opportunities, and challenges

lumber industry

dates back to the country's Colonial Period. Lumber and foresting join agriculture as major U.S. industries that are based on the land and natural resources Today, half of the lumber in the United States is from California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. After experiencing some forest depletion due to over-logging and not caring for the land, the United States is down to use 5% of its original forests. But, forests are renewable resources when cared for properly. Today there are laws that protect forests from overharvesting. In addition, forests across the country have been designated as national park lands.

Steam power

eventually made its way from boats to trains and railroads became the fastest, cheapest way to move resources across the country to be manufactured into goods and then sold worldwide By 1869, a transcontinental railroad crossed the United States, moving people from the east to the west and giving them access to land and resources.

A ___ is present where tectonic plates are slipping or grinding past one another

fault

The warm, wet weather in the Midwest allows

for crops like corn and soybean to grow in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. In addition, the states also raise livestock like cows and pigs. Wisconsin sees cooler temperatures and less humus-rich soil, however, the land supports the growth of hay, which helps the raising of dairy cattle. The drier states of the Midwest, also known as the Great Plains states, grow crops like wheat, oats, and sunflowers (for oil). The amount of grain produced by this region has earned the Midwest the nickname "The nation's breadbasket." Agricultural products from the Midwest keep Americans well-fed and contribute to the sizable US exports to other countries. Look at the map below to see the Midwest's role in the market value of U.S. agricultural products.

What is one effect of chemical weathering?

formation of caves; Chemical weathering is what happens when rocks are broken down and chemically altered. This type of weathering is critical in the formation of caves.

Capitalism

free enterprise, allows people to own their own businesses, make profits from selling goods and services, and operate within a competitive system—that means even if a business of a certain type already exists, others can open, too. The free enterprise system supports the idea that anyone, regardless of background or wealth, can work hard and be successful in business in the United States. Dreams of this unlimited success have encouraged many people to move to America. As America attracts newcomers, it benefits from their perseverance and new ideas. The economy continues to grow as inspired, resourceful people innovate and create.

Lakes and valley have been carved out by

glaciers; In a process called glaciation, glaciers can slide along and carve out landscapes which can turn into valleys and lakes.

Driving across the Midwest, you should expect to see many

grain elevators.

Tropical grasslands ___.

grow near the Equator;Tropical grassland grow near the equator in inland areas. They are low and flat with different lengths of grass.

Urbanization is the

growth of city populations.

The multiculturalism in Canada

has been one of the characteristics that has made it grow and prosper. It has also causes problems. While British and French colonization brought people to the area, it also decimated the populations of Canada's native people. The ongoing fighting between the British and the French over language and cultural differences has created a modern divide.

Though agriculture is its main industry, Midwest cities

have embraced manufacturing. Natural resources like iron ore and coal are found throughout the Midwest. Being close to these materials enabled steel mills to grow. The easy access to steel mills led to the automobile industry finding its home in Detroit.

Most of the states in the Northeast

have rocky, jagged shorelines along the Atlantic Ocean

Farmers benefit from mechanical weathering because it ___.

helps create soil

The amount of water vapor contained in the atmosphere is called ___

humidity

Both small towns and large cities are

important for the U.S. economy. Food and raw materials are still grown and harvested in rural areas. They are shipped to and processed in cities. From there, the final goods are distributed to retailers or exported out of the country. Not too long ago in American history, produce wouldn't have traveled further than the farm's dinner table. Today, because of the interconnectedness of America's towns and cities, vegetables can travel all over the world in mater of days.

Where is tundra vegetation found?

in cold climates; Tundras are found in cold climates and are often barren with little vegetation and life.

Prevailing winds occur ___.

in regular and predictable patterns;Prevailing winds occur in regular and predictable patterns around the globe, they blow predominately in a single direction over a certain point in the earth's surface.

The grasslands

in the western part of the American South is ideal for cattle grazing. The grasslands are also home to many oil reserves in this part of the country.

Culture

includes all of the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, spiritual beliefs, cuisine, textiles, architectural design, social habits, music, arts and even patterns of behavior. Government, education and attitudes towards the role of men, women, and children are included in culture. Cultural patterns vary from region to region, country to country, and even city to city.

northeastern part of the United States

includes the six states that make up New England (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut) along with New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. the states in this small, urban region share many similarities including economic and historical factors. But what really brings the Northeast region together is the area's geography.

People in Canada come from a variety of backgrounds

including Inuit, British, French, Eastern European, and Asian. These distinct cultures reflect a history full of exploration and colonization

During the 1970s, the South's population

increased by 20% and by 1990, three of the largest cities in the country were Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio. The region continued to attract new people and grow steadily. One reason for this was the growth of new industry. Agriculture and oil weren't the only ways to make a living in the South. Brand new fields, like the space industry, took root in the South. Older industries also began moving from the North to the South. Northern businesses took advantage of the newer facilities and cheaper land in the South. As business moved to the South, so did people looking for work. But work wasn't the only attractive thing about the South. Many people enjoyed the milder climate. The tourism and retirement industries have thrived in the South as people decide to spend their winters along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts.

One area where Canada has worked hard is

international policy. The country is specifically interested in keeping peace and removing the causes of war around the world. In the global theater, Canada has played a big role lobbying for arms control and disarmament of other countries.

Everglades National Park

is a 1.5-million-acre preserve made up of wetlands and swamps in Florida. The Everglades is home to many different species of plants and animals, including leatherback turtles, panthers, and manatees.

The South

is closer to the equator than the Northeast This location makes it warmer than many of the regions in the country. Its location on the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea also impact the weather. The warm ocean waters move wet weather systems north and bring a lot of rain to the South. Places like Louisiana and Mississippi receive more than 60 inches of rain each year. Parts of Florida see more than 50 inches of precipitation All of this rain helps the forests of pine trees and tropical vegetation grow thick and rich. Mangrove trees, which thrive in swampy areas, grow all over the South. The marshy areas of lakes and rivers in Louisiana are called bayous. They support many varieties of tropical vegetation. The Everglades is a large area in Florida with a lot of tall grass. Many birds and animals live in the Everglades. Not everywhere in the South is as wet as the coastal region. The states that are further west, like Oklahoma and parts of Texas, have warmer, drier climates. These areas are home to grasslands and prairies rather than swamps and marshes.

The landscape of the Midwest

is fairly flat. Centuries ago, melting glaciers that moved from north to south left mineral-rich remains in the Midwest region. Those minerals supported intense plant growth. Throughout the years, the cycle of plant growth and decay led to the production of humus, which is an organic compound that mixes with bedrock to create rich soil.

Montréal

is in Québec and is located on the Lachine Rapids of the St. Lawrence River.

The border between Canada and the United States

is more than 5,000 miles long. People who want to go between the two countries have to pay a fee on goods they bring from one country to the other. Besides paying these customs fees, travelers between the two countries do not encounter any other stops. It is the longest undefended and unfenced border in the world.

Winter in Kansas

is warmer and drier than Wisconsin. Wheat grass grows throughout the colder season in the Great Plains.

If a country's combined death rate and emigration rate is greater than its combined birthrate and immigration rate, what happens to the population?

it falls

Despite Canada's trade agreements with other North American countries, it wants to avoid

its own identity from being overshadowed by the United States. Some Canadians feel that there is an uneven relationship between the two countries. For example, most Canadians know the news that is happening in the United States, however Americans rarely pay attention to Canadian news.

Many factors have contributed to the wealth of the United States:

land provides numerous resources. Various modes of transportation have allowed people to move to and throughout the country to take advantage of those resources. And hardworking, industrious people have created and contributed to a thriving economy in ways that benefit both the individual and the nation as a whole.

Canada's future growth

largely depends on what it will do with the resources in its harder-to-reach areas. While mining and collecting natural resources could substantially improve Canada's economy, the government also has to think about protecting the environment. Oil and gas pipelines impact migration routes and habits for Arctic animals. Similarly, deforestation and overfishing can have great impact on wildlife species.

A geologist working along the Ring of Fire would most likely bring back samples of ___.

lava; The ring of fire is at the basin of the Pacific ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanoes occur. It is associated with a series of volcanic eruptions, oceanic trenches, and volcanic belts.

The ___ includes soil, rocks, and landforms

lithosphere

Today, about 80% of Americans

live in metropolitan areas. This keeps people connected to the business and activities that are offered in cities. The remaining 20% of the population lives in small towns and villages not directly connected to a major metropolitan area.

The Midwest

located in the northern, middle part of the United States.

The use of steam engines

made the Great Lakes a vital transportation route in the United States.

Walking through a mid-latitude deciduous forest in late autumn, you should expect to see ___.

many leafless trees A mid-latitude deciduous forest in late autumn would be mostly tall leafless trees, the other trees listed are in different kinds of forests.

Though the French lost its lands to the British,

many of the 70,000 French colonists living in Canada at the time remained in a country. Today, the French-Canadian population makes up over 25% of the country's population. French-speaking Canadians live primarily in the province of Québec

Gross National Product (GNP)

measures how much a nation's total output of goods and services is worth. The GNP values all output made by the residents of a country, no matter where in the world they live. With the size of the country and the number of people, it should come as no surprise that the United States has the highest GNP in the world. Click on each country to reveal their GNP.

Frost wedging is an example of ___ weathering.

mechanical

A map depicting how the South's population has changed since 1970 might use arrows to show

migration from the northern industrial states and from Mexico into the South

Hawaii

more than 2,000 miles away from the California coast. The isolation of these two states makes them a little bit different than the rest of the West. is made up of eight main islands and over 100 smaller islands. It Is located 2,000 miles away from the mainland in the central Pacific Ocean. Its location in the Pacific is what attracted the United States government. Developing trade with China and Japan was extremely important to the US in the late 1800s. In 1898, the United States annexed Hawaii and made it a refueling station for ships traveling between the mainland and Asia. In 1959, Hawaii officially became the 50th state of the United States. Today, Hawaii is a popular tourist destination. Its economic growth has been made possible as airplane travel has become commonplace. Also, thanks to telecommunications, Hawaii can now easily stay in contact with the mainland United States.

Pacific coast province

mountainous;British Columbia is one of Canada's wealthiest provinces. This is due in large part to the plentiful natural resources of the area. The coastal location makes it an excellent place for the fishing industry. The many mountain ranges that converge in British Columbia also make it an excellent area for forestry and mining. The capital city of Victoria is located on Vancouver Island. The city is reminiscent of a small British town with beautiful manicured gardens that thrive in the wet climate. Vancouver is the province's largest city. It lies on the harbor and is Canada's major port to the Pacific Ocean. This city has seen a major increase trade with Asia in the last few decades and so is also home to a large population of Asian immigrants. In addition, many Canadians from other provinces moved to retire and enjoy the mild climate.

convectional precipitation

occurs when warm air rises and cools, losing its ability to hold much water. It is common near the Equator and the tropical rain forests, where hot and humid air exists.

Orographic Precipitation

often found on seacoasts, where warm, moist air is forces upward when passing over high landforms such as mountains. The warm winds cool as they cross the mountains and clouds form. Either rain or snow falls. By the time the air reaches the other side of the mountain, it is cool and dry. The land on the leeward side, where it is away from the wind, lies in a rain shadow. After losing the moisture while crossing the mountains, the air warms up again as the elevation drops. This often causes dry climates.

In 1901

oil became an industry in eastern Texas. Even today, some of the country's most prolific oil reserves are located in the South. By the 1960s and 70s, oil brought great wealth to Texas and the surrounding areas. In the 1980s, oil prices dropped and states like Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana went through economic downfalls. However, these problems led to people in the area looking for ways to diversify the economy.

Canada has important ports

on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This makes it able to trade with Asia as well as Europe. In addition, Canada's multicultural population helps it stay linked to the rest of the world. It is part of the Commonwealth of Nations, which is a group of independent countries that were once British colonies. Membership in the Commonwealth of Nations has given Canada links to trading in Europe.

The growth of cities is based primarily

on location. Prime locations are along waterways because cities sprung up out of a need to centralize manufacturing. Changes in the economy and popular preference also determine the size of a city. When the need for certain industries change, such as technology, so too does the importance of cities that can offer jobs and resources for that field.

The areas along with the Gulf of Mexico

opened up ocean ports that helped revitalize the economy in the South. The Gulf Coast areas became hotbeds of manufacturing. Raw materials and sources of energy were easily accessible by water. Instead of relying on oil as a fuel, Texas began to use it as an ingredient to create petrochemical products including synthetic rubber. The diversification of the industry in the South has kept it growing.

This occurs when moisture-laden air is forced upward by tall landforms causing precipitation.

orographic percipitation

Harmful ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun are partially filtered out by the ___.

ozone layer

Though they had won the war, the British Government

passed laws to allow French-Canadians to maintain their language, laws, and culture. When Canada became its own country, the government upheld those laws to protect French-Canadians. In Canada today, both English and French are the official languages.

Thanks to the rich soils in the South's wide coastal plains

people have been farming in the region for centuries. The Natchez, Creek, and Cherokee groups grew corn, melons, squash, beans and tobacco. In the mid-1500s, when Europeans began to settle in the south, they also relied on the soil to support their farms. The rich soil coupled with the warm weather gave the south an extended growing season. This drew many Europeans to the area. The small Southern farms eventually grew into huge plantations. Plantation owners engaged in the African and West Indies slave trade. Slaves were forces to work on tobacco, rice, and cotton plantations raising in picking the crops and preparing them for sale. Even today, farming remains a huge part of the economy in the south.

What do economists call the total value of a country's goods and services produced in a year, divided by its total population?

per capita gross domestic product A country's gross domestic product is the total value of goods produced and services provided during one year. This usually determines a country's wealth.

A layerof soil just below the surface that remains permanently frozen is called

permafrost

Which of the following is an example of human-environment interaction?

planting a tree in your backyard

diesel engine

powered ships, trucks, trains, and tractors, making the harvesting and movement of natural resources easier than ever before.

Eastern Ohio

receives twice as much precipitation as parts of South Dakota.

The changing elevation of the land is called

relief

The passing of one year marks one complete ___ around the sun.

revolution

Ontario is also known for its

rich soil and many of the people in the south eastern part of the province are farmers. The natural resources in the area helped a network of cities grow as people and businesses moved to the region to support farmers and factory workers. Besides agriculture, mineral resources are importance to the area.

Every 24 hours, Earth completes one full ___.

rotation

___ is carried by swift moving water and may be deposited in a flood plain or river delta as the water slows down.

sediment

Winter in Wisconsin

sees a lot of snow and subzero temperatures.

A grain exchange is a

site at which buyers and sellers make deals for grain.

A winter and summer ___ mark the times when the sun's direct rays shine as far north or south of the equator as they will during the year.

solstice

cultural diffusion

spreading of any culture around the world;Diffusion occurs when two societies are in close contact through war, intermarriage or trade or when one culture dominates over the other. Diffusion can also spread cultural values abroad indirectly. One example is Italian food

In a(n) ___, a dense oceanic plate is forced down as it meets a lighter continental plate.

subduction zone

What two factors are used to classify climate regions?

temperature and precipitation; Temperature and precipitation are the major factors in determining climate and classifying in different regions.

In the 1840s in the South

textile mills began to spring up in the Carolinas along the fall line between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The fall line is the place where the waters coming out of the mountains form both waterfalls and quickly moving currents in the rivers as they move downward toward the coast. The textile mills in the South were built close to cotton farms. They capitalized on the energy from the swiftly moving waters to produce a variety of fabrics.

What makes the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence waterway unique?

that it is made up of a series of locks. The Great Lakes vary greatly in elevation. Lake Superior is about 600 feet above sea level while Lake Ontario is only about 245 feet above sea level. In order to help ships travel between the lakes, locks are used. Locks are enclosed parts of canals that raise or lower ships from one water level to another.

In 1867

the British gave some freedoms to Canada. These rules, called the Dominion of Canada, allowed the country to establish its own government with some restrictions about foreign policy and military action. In 1931, Canada became completely independent of England.

weathering

the Earth's surface is constantly changing from this process; occurs over time and there are several agents that are responsible for changing the surface.

All of the native groups were devastated by

the European colonization of Canada beginning in the 1600s. Today only about 1.5% of the Canadian population is ethnically Native Canadian.

Québec is also the name of

the capital city of the province. It is the oldest city in Canada, founded in 1608 when France decided to establish a colony in Canada. Québec City still maintains many of its historic sites, making it a popular tourist destination.

Washington, D.C.

the country's capital, is located near the states of Maryland and Virginia. Washington, D.C. has been the nation's capital since 1790. Its location on the Potomac River made it easy to access from northern cities and from European ports. Washington, D.C. was the first planned city in the United States. The layout of its wide roads, monuments, and buildings give it a neat and orderly appearance. The South is proud to host its nation's capital.

In 1837

the first Morse code message was sent my telegraph. Using a series of symbols made of dots and dashes, the code was transmitted over wires to an operator who translated the message into letters the telegraph cables were strung along railway lines, which enabled stations and railroads to coordinate schedules and find the locations of trains. By the 1860s, telegraphs were used in most major cities. Newspapers relied on telegraphs for receiving current news from distant places. Businesses in cities used telegraphs to coordinate shipments and communicate with the people who controlled the resources they needed. The telegraph had cut communication from weeks down to minutes.

Who holds power in an authoritarian government?

the leader or leaders An authoritarian government is a political system that concentrates power in the hands of one leader or a few elites who have no responsibility to the people of that country.

Frontal precipitation

the most common kind of precipitation. It occurs when two air masses of different temperatures meet. The cold air forces the warm air to move upward. The rising warm air cools and frontal precipitation occurs.

Along with this rich soil, the climate has made the Midwest

the perfect place for agriculture in the United States. In some of the Midwest's milder areas like southern Kansas, the growing season is about 200 days long. In northern regions with longer winters, the growing season is only about 120 days.

Before the advanced communication systems of today,

the planning and scheduling of resource shipments were time-consuming. Messages had to be sent by mail and could take weeks or months to deliver. As the economy began to expand and industry in the US began to prosper, communication technologies also began to improve.

cultural divergence

the restriction of a culture from outside influences; ie: the Amish

What is a fairly new source of revenue in the South?

the space industry NASA and other space-related businesses have set up headquarters in the South.

geography

the study of people, places and things and how they relate to each other all over the world.

Ontario

the western of the two provinces in this region.; It is known for a system of waterways called the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Seaway connects the Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River. Because of the number of goods that travel on this waterway, it has been called "Canada's Highway to the sea."

Natural resources

things that occur naturally on Earth such as land, water, minerals, plants and animals.

Alaska

thousands of miles away from the Continental US. the largest state by area in the United States. However, it is one of the least populated. According to the 2013 census, Alaska has just over 730,000 residents. The city of Anchorage is home to about 250,000 of those people. But it is far from a booming metropolis. In fact, there are only two roads that lead into the city. The state capital Juneau is so isolated that it can only be visited by boat or airplane. Much of the state is covered by the Alaska and the Brooks mountain ranges and they are nearly impassable by driving.

Mangrove trees

thrive in places where freshwater mixes with saltwater. They also like to take root in and around deep, muddy sediment.

The FTA was expanded

to include Mexico in 1993. The new agreement is called the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It made North America the world's largest trading area serving about 380 million customers.

Which of the following is the most likely reason why someone from southern Canada might move to the northern territories?

to work in the mining industry Many mineral, oil, and natural gas deposits remain untapped in Canada's Northern Territories.

The ___ is the layer of the atmosphere closest to land.

troposphere

In the 1600s, both England and France

were exploring and colonizing all over the world. Canada it was no exception. The rivalry for land and wealth brought English and French fighting to the country. That fighting extended all across the North American continent.

Automobiles

were invented in the 1890s

Mechanical Weathering

when the rock at or near the earth's surface is physically weakened. Large masses are chunked into smaller pieces, producing stones, pebbles, sand, soil and dust. This can occur from water freezing in the crack of a rock or possibly when seeds take root in the crack of a rock

cultural convergence

where the skills, arts, idea, habits, and institutions of one culture come in contact with individuals of a another culture. The viral video is just one example of cultural convergence.

Rising warm air and falling cool air create conditions that result in ___.

winds;Winds are created from rising warm air and falling cool air.